"That"으로 감정 표현하기 (평가적 That절)
emotion, judgment, that-clause 이 세 가지만 기억하면 문장이 훨씬 풍성해져요!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'that' clauses to link a specific fact or event to an emotional reaction or evaluative judgment.
- Follow adjectives of emotion: 'I am delighted that you came.'
- Follow nouns of judgment: 'The fact that he lied is shocking.'
- Use 'should' for extra emphasis: 'It's strange that she should say that.'
Overview
The company lost money.(회사가 손실을 보았다)와 같은 문장에서 한 단계 나아가, 그 사실에 대한 화자의 평가를 결합한 It's worrying that the company lost money.(회사가 손실을 본 것은 우려스러운 일이다)와 같은 문장을 구사하는 능력이 바로 이 단계의 핵심입니다.Mandative Subjunctive(명령적 가정법)와 같은 요소까지 포함하고 있어, 이를 완벽히 이해한다면 여러분의 영어는 훨씬 더 권위 있고 자연스럽게 들릴 것입니다.that-clause 안에 담긴 내용은 이미 발생했거나 확실한 '기정사실'로 간주됩니다. 화자의 주된 목적은 그 사실이 맞는지 틀린지 논쟁하는 것이 아니라, 그 사실에 대해 어떤 '평가'를 내리는가에 있습니다.It is surprising that the CEO resigned.(CEO가 사임했다니 놀랍다)라는 문장에서 that the CEO resigned는 이미 일어난 사실입니다. 화자는 이 사실을 전제로 하여 surprising이라는 형용사를 통해 자신의 감정적 반응을 덧붙이고 있습니다. 반면, I think that the CEO will resign.(나는 CEO가 사임할 것이라고 생각한다)과 같은 비사실성(non-factive) 구조에서는 사임 여부가 아직 불확실한 추측에 불과합니다.CEO가 사임한 것은 놀랍다혹은
사임했다니 놀랍다처럼 조사나 어미를 통해 사실에 대한 반응을 나타냅니다. 영어에서는 이를 위해 'Expletive it'(가주어 it)을 사용합니다.
that-clause를 뒤로 보내고 그 자리에 의미 없는 it을 세워두는 것이죠. 이는 한국어 학습자들에게는 다소 생소할 수 있지만, 문장의 초점을 '나의 감정/평가'에 먼저 맞추게 해주는 매우 효율적인 구조입니다.It + be + Adjective + that-clauseIt + be + ADJ + that... | 판단/의견 (good, strange, fortunate, remarkable) | It's remarkable that she completed the marathon. | 사실에 대한 강한 의견 표명 |important, vital, essential, crucial) | It is essential that all members be informed. | 가정법 현재(Subjunctive) 사용 주의 |clear, obvious, evident, true) | It was clear that the plan was not working. | 증거에 기반한 결론 도출 |surprising, alarming, disappointing) | It's alarming that pollution levels have risen. | 상황에 대한 일반적 감정 기술 |essential, vital, imperative와 같이 '당위성'을 나타내는 형용사가 올 때, that-절 내부의 동사는 주어의 인칭이나 시제에 상관없이 동사 원형(base form)을 사용합니다. 이는 현대 영어의 격식 있는 문체에서 매우 중요합니다.- Correct:
It is vital that he be here.(그가 여기 있는 것이 필수적이다.) - Incorrect:
It is vital that he is/was here.
Subject + be + Adjective + that-clauseI나 We)이 느끼는 감정을 직접적으로 전달합니다.SUBJ + be + ADJ + that... | 긍정적 감정 (happy, glad, delighted, relieved) | We are delighted that you've joined us. | 상대방에 대한 환영이나 안도감 표현 |sad, sorry, angry, worried) | I was worried that I had missed the deadline. | 자신의 우려나 유감 표명 |sure, certain, confident, aware) | She is confident that her research will be published. | 개인적인 믿음이나 지식 상태 전달 |find it 구조를 통해서도 정교한 평가가 가능합니다.- 감정/후회 동사:
I regret that I spoke so harshly.(그렇게 심하게 말한 것을 후회한다.) find it구조:I find it interesting that they chose a different strategy.(그들이 다른 전략을 선택했다는 점이 흥미롭다고 생각한다.)- 이 구조는 5형식 문장으로,
it은 가목적어,interesting은 목적격 보어,that-clause는 진목적어입니다. 한국어의 «~라는 점이 ~하다고 생각한다/느낀다»와 유사한 세련된 표현입니다.
- 학술 및 분석적 글쓰기: 자신의 주장을 객관적으로 보이고 싶을 때
It is + ADJ + that...구조를 활용하세요.I think it's important that the study controlled for variables라고 쓰는 대신,It is significant that the study controlled for variables라고 쓰면 훨씬 더 전문적인 인상을 줍니다. 화자 개인의 믿음에서 연구 결과의 객관적 중요성으로 초점이 옮겨가기 때문입니다.
- 비즈니스 커뮤니케이션: 전문적인 감정을 예의 바르고 명확하게 전달할 때 유용합니다. 피드백을 줄 때
We are pleased that the project was completed ahead of schedule처럼 사용하면 긍정적인 분위기를 조성할 수 있고, 문제를 제기할 때도I'm concerned that we haven't received the payment yet처럼 쓰면 감정적이지 않으면서도 단호하게 의사를 전달할 수 있습니다.
- 미묘한 개인적 의견 표명: 단순한
I'm happy대신I'm relieved that the test is over(시험이 끝나서 다행이다)나I'm thrilled that you're getting married(네가 결혼한다니 정말 기쁘다)처럼 구체적인 형용사를 선택함으로써 자신의 감정적 층위를 더 정밀하게 표현할 수 있습니다.
- 격식 조절 (That의 생략):
that은 문장을 연결하는 격식 있는 '풀'과 같습니다. 공식적인 서류나 이메일에서는that을 반드시 포함하는 것이 좋습니다. 반면, 카카오톡 메시지나 친한 동료와의 대화에서는I'm so glad (that) you could make it처럼 생략하는 것이 더 자연스럽고 친근합니다.
- 1가정법 현재(Subjunctive)의 망각
is나 attends가 아닌 원형을 써야 합니다.- Mistake:
It is essential that everyone is on the same page. - Correction:
It is essential that everyone be on the same page. - Why? 머릿속에서 주어
everyone에 맞춰 동사를 굴절시키고 싶겠지만, 당위성을 나타내는 형용사 뒤에서는 원형을 유지해야 한다는 규칙을 기억하세요.
- 1
that-clause와to-infinitive의 혼동
It's important to finish the project.(일반적인 행위 자체에 초점)It's important that you finish the project.(특정 책임자에게 초점)- Mistake:
It's important that to finish the project.(두 구조를 섞어버림) - Correction: 행위의 주체를 명시하고 싶다면
that-절을, 일반적인 원칙을 말하고 싶다면to-부정사를 선택하세요.
- 1
find it구조에서의 어순 오류
find it + ADJ + that... 패턴은 어순이 고정되어 있어 한국인들에게 매우 어색하게 느껴질 수 있습니다.- Mistake:
I find that it's strange that he didn't call.혹은I find strange that he didn't call. - Correction:
I find it strange that he didn't call. - Why? 한국어로는 «그가 전화 안 한 게 이상하다고 느껴»라고 목적어를 먼저 말하기 때문에
it을 빼먹기 쉽습니다. 하지만 영어의find는 반드시 목적어(it)를 먼저 취해야 합니다.
- 1감정 형용사의 능동/수동 혼동 (-ed vs -ing)
it에는 상황을 설명하는 -ing를, 인칭 주어에는 감정을 느끼는 -ed를 써야 합니다.- Mistake:
It is pleased that you are coming.(상황이 기쁨을 느낀다는 뜻이 됨) - Correction:
I am pleased that you are coming.혹은It is pleasing that you are coming.
It's sad that he left. | 사실에 대한 평가. 그가 떠났다는 것은 팩트이며, 그에 대한 슬픔을 표현함. |It's sad to see him leave. | 행위나 과정에 대한 감상. 그가 떠나는 모습을 보는 행위 자체가 슬프다는 일반적 진술. |It's uncertain whether he left. | 불확실성. 그가 떠났는지 아닌지 사실 여부 자체가 불분명함. (평가 불가) |I regret leaving early. | 자신의 직접적인 경험. that-절보다 더 개인적이고 직접적인 과거의 행동을 후회함. |that을 생략해도 되나요?It is clear that...이나 It is essential that...처럼 문장이 길고 복합적인 경우에는 청자의 이해를 돕기 위해 that을 남겨두는 것이 훨씬 친절하고 명확합니다.It is important that he go에서 goes가 아니라 go인가요? 오타 아닌가요?should가 생략된 형태로 보기도 합니다 (that he (should) go). 영국 영어에서는 should를 넣기도 하지만, 미국 영어와 격식 있는 문어체에서는 동사 원형만 남기는 것이 표준입니다.I find it... that 구조에서 it을 생략하면 안 되나요?find는 타동사로서 목적어를 필요로 하며, 뒤에 나오는 that-절이 너무 길어서 뒤로 보낸 것이기 때문에 그 자리를 지키는 '가목적어 it'은 문법적으로 필수 요소입니다. 이를 생략하면 문장 구조가 완전히 무너집니다.It is true that...과 It is obvious that...은 감정 표현이 아닌데 왜 이 범주에 들어가나요?Common Evaluative Structures
| Structure Type | Main Clause | Connector | Subordinate Clause | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Adjective-led
|
I am relieved
|
that
|
the test is over.
|
I am relieved that the test is over.
|
|
Noun-led
|
The news
|
that
|
he won was great.
|
The news that he won was great.
|
|
Extraposed (It)
|
It is lucky
|
that
|
we found the keys.
|
It is lucky that we found the keys.
|
|
Formal (Should)
|
It is odd
|
that
|
she should say that.
|
It is odd that she should say that.
|
|
Subjunctive
|
It is vital
|
that
|
he be present.
|
It is vital that he be present.
|
Omission of 'That' in Informal Speech
| Full Form (Formal) | Short Form (Informal) | Context |
|---|---|---|
|
I am glad that you came.
|
I'm glad you came.
|
Friends/Family
|
|
It is a pity that it's raining.
|
Pity it's raining.
|
Casual observation
|
|
I am sure that he is right.
|
I'm sure he's right.
|
Everyday talk
|
Meanings
A grammatical structure where a subordinate clause starting with 'that' functions as a complement to an adjective or noun, expressing a reaction to the information in that clause.
Adjective Complements
Using 'that' after adjectives like 'happy', 'sad', 'surprised', or 'aware' to explain the cause of the feeling.
“I'm so glad that you could make it to the party.”
“She was unaware that the meeting had been moved.”
Extraposed Evaluative Clauses
Starting a sentence with 'It is [adjective] that...' to provide an objective-sounding evaluation of a fact.
“It is vital that we remain calm during the transition.”
“It's interesting that he never mentioned his previous job.”
Noun Complements
Using 'that' after abstract nouns like 'fact', 'idea', 'notion', or 'possibility' to define the content of that noun.
“The fact that she won didn't surprise anyone.”
“I hate the idea that we might never see them again.”
Reference Table
| 패턴 | 예시 | 기능 | That 생략 여부 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
It + be + Adj + that-절
|
It's essential that you practice.
|
비인칭적 평가 (일반적인 판단)
|
비격식체에서 자주 생략됨
|
|
주어 + be + Adj + that-절
|
I'm relieved that the test is over.
|
개인적인 감정 표현
|
일반적으로 생략 가능
|
|
주어 + 동사 + that-절
|
We hope that you enjoy the show.
|
인지 또는 감정 상태 전달
|
비격식체에서 흔히 생략됨
|
|
자주 쓰이는 형용사
|
happy, sad, important, strange
|
감정적/판단적 뉘앙스
|
해당 없음
|
|
자주 쓰이는 동사
|
believe, know, regret, feel
|
인지적/감정적 상태
|
해당 없음
|
|
격식 있는 상황
|
It is acknowledged that...
|
객관적인 진술이나 보고
|
거의 생략하지 않음
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
It is a source of great pleasure that you have joined us this evening. (Social gathering)
I am very glad that you could come. (Social gathering)
So glad you made it! (Social gathering)
Stoked you're here, man! (Social gathering)
감정 평가 That-절: 내 감정 증폭기
문장 형성
- It + be + Adj + that-절 It's crucial that...
- 주어 + be + Adj + that-절 I'm happy that...
- 주어 + 동사 + that-절 She believes that...
주요 형용사
- 기쁨/좋음 It's good that...
- 중요성 It's vital that...
- 놀라움 It's shocking that...
- 유감 It's a pity that...
주요 동사
- 알다 I know that...
- 느끼다 I feel that...
- 후회하다 They regret that...
- 믿다 We believe that...
사용 시점
- 감정적 반응 I'm so glad that...
- 의견/판단 It's ridiculous that...
- 중요성/필요성 It's essential that...
That vs. What: 결정적 차이
감정 평가 That-절을 써야 할까요?
감정, 판단, 혹은 의견을 표현하고 싶나요?
그 감정/판단이 구체적인 사실이나 상황에 대한 것인가요?
평가가 일반적인가요(비인칭), 아니면 개인적인가요?
감정 평가 That-절이 쓰이는 상황들
일상 대화
- • I'm so glad that...
- • It's crazy that...
- • I'm sure that...
학술/비즈니스
- • It's crucial that...
- • We acknowledge that...
- • It is imperative that...
디지털 소통
- • OMG, it's hilarious that...
- • I'm relieved that...
- • It's annoying that...
성찰/표현
- • I regret that...
- • I believe that...
- • It's fascinating that...
수준별 예문
I am happy that you are here.
Estoy feliz de que estés aquí.
I am sad that it is raining.
Estoy triste de que esté lloviendo.
He is glad that you like the food.
Él se alegra de que te guste la comida.
Are you sure that she is home?
¿Estás seguro de que ella está en casa?
I'm sorry that I forgot your birthday.
Siento haber olvidado tu cumpleaños.
We are afraid that the shop is closed.
Tememos que la tienda esté cerrada.
I think that he is a good teacher.
Creo que él es un buen profesor.
She is surprised that you are early.
Ella está sorprendida de que llegues temprano.
It is important that we arrive on time.
Es importante que lleguemos a tiempo.
I don't like the idea that we have to pay extra.
No me gusta la idea de que tengamos que pagar extra.
Are you aware that the rules have changed?
¿Eres consciente de que las reglas han cambiado?
It's a shame that you can't come to the wedding.
Es una pena que no puedas venir a la boda.
I am concerned that the project is falling behind schedule.
Me preocupa que el proyecto se esté retrasando.
The fact that he didn't call is very strange.
El hecho de que no llamara es muy extraño.
It is highly likely that the prices will increase next month.
Es muy probable que los precios aumenten el próximo mes.
She was delighted that her hard work was finally recognized.
Ella estaba encantada de que su arduo trabajo fuera finalmente reconocido.
It is regrettable that the board should have reached such a hasty decision.
Es lamentable que la junta haya tomado una decisión tan apresurada.
The mere suggestion that he was involved in the scandal is preposterous.
La mera sugerencia de que estuvo involucrado en el escándalo es absurda.
I find it baffling that they still haven't addressed the underlying issue.
Me parece desconcertante que todavía no hayan abordado el problema subyacente.
We must not overlook the possibility that the data has been tampered with.
No debemos pasar por alto la posibilidad de que los datos hayan sido manipulados.
It is imperative that the witness be protected at all costs.
Es imperativo que el testigo sea protegido a toda costa.
The contention that economic growth is always beneficial is now being challenged.
La afirmación de que el crecimiento económico es siempre beneficioso está siendo cuestionada.
It is somewhat ironic that the very technology designed to connect us has made us feel more isolated.
Es algo irónico que la misma tecnología diseñada para conectarnos nos haya hecho sentir más aislados.
I am not unmindful of the fact that this proposal requires significant investment.
No soy ajeno al hecho de que esta propuesta requiere una inversión significativa.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often think every 'that' clause is a relative clause describing a noun.
Both use 'that' clauses, but reported speech follows verbs of saying (say, tell), not adjectives of feeling.
Learners mix up 'I am so happy that...' (Result) with 'I am happy that...' (Complement).
자주 하는 실수
I am happy because you are here.
I am happy that you are here.
I am sure which he is coming.
I am sure that he is coming.
It is important that arrive on time.
It is important that we arrive on time.
It is strange that he would say that.
It is strange that he should say that.
문장 패턴
I am ___ that ___.
It is ___ that ___ should ___.
The ___ that ___ is ___.
I find it ___ that ___.
Real World Usage
I am confident that my background in marketing will benefit your team.
So happy you're coming tonight!
The fact that the hypothesis was disproven suggests a need for further research.
It is disappointing that the service was so slow.
Can't believe that it's already been a year!
It is feared that many people remain trapped in the building.
'It'으로 가볍게 시작하기
'What'의 유혹을 뿌리치세요
형용사를 다채롭게 써보세요
격식에 따른 'that'의 생략
생각과 감정을 나타내는 동사들
Smart Tips
Switch from 'I think that...' to 'It is evident that...' or 'The fact that...'.
Recognize it as the 'putative should' used for emotional emphasis.
Try replacing 'that' with 'which'. If it sounds like garbage, it's a complement clause.
Delete the 'that' and the 'It is'.
발음
The Weak 'That'
In the middle of a sentence, 'that' is usually unstressed and pronounced with a schwa /ðət/.
Intonation of Evaluation
The main stress usually falls on the evaluative adjective (e.g., 'SURPRISED'), while the 'that' clause has a rising-falling intonation.
Evaluative Peak
It's ↗VITAL that we ↘leave.
Emphasizes the importance of the action.
암기하기
기억법
Remember 'FACT': Feelings, Adjectives, Complements, That.
시각적 연상
Imagine a bridge made of the word 'THAT' connecting a giant heart (your feelings) to a television screen showing a scene (the fact).
Rhyme
When a feeling needs a reason why, use a 'that' clause to reach the sky.
Story
A king was so 'surprised that' his crown was missing. He hated 'the fact that' a mouse had taken it. 'It was lucky that' the mouse was slow.
Word Web
챌린지
Write three sentences about your day using 'I am glad that...', 'It is strange that...', and 'The fact that...'.
문화 노트
The use of 'should' in evaluative clauses (e.g., 'It's funny that you should say that') is a hallmark of polite, slightly indirect British speech.
Americans are more likely to use the subjunctive in 'that' clauses following adjectives of necessity or urgency.
Using 'The fact that...' is a standard way to introduce evidence without sounding too personal or biased.
The use of 'that' as a conjunction (complementizer) evolved from the Old English demonstrative pronoun 'þæt'.
대화 시작하기
Are you surprised that technology has changed so much in ten years?
Do you think it's important that children learn a second language early?
How do you feel about the fact that remote work is becoming the norm?
Is it regrettable that traditional crafts are dying out?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
It's important ___ everyone attends the virtual meeting.
Find and fix the mistake:
I'm happy what you got the job.
가장 자연스러운 문장은?
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesI am delighted ___ you decided to join us.
Find and fix the mistake:
The fact which he failed the exam is very sad.
It is essential that he ___ (be) informed immediately.
strange / that / should / it / he / is / say / that
Match the following:
He resigned, and that surprised everyone.
In informal speech, 'that' can often be omitted in evaluative clauses.
A: Why are you so upset? B: I'm just annoyed ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesShe feels strongly ___ her team delivered an excellent presentation.
We are confident what the new marketing strategy will succeed.
다음 중 문법적으로 옳은 문장은?
다음 문장을 영어로 번역하세요: '콘서트가 그렇게 빨리 매진되었다니 놀라워요.'
단어를 순서대로 배열하세요:
형용사와 어울리는 도입구를 연결하세요:
It was regrettable ___ they missed the opportunity to present.
다음 문장을 영어로 번역하세요: '우리는 학생들이 참여하는 것이 필수적이라고 믿습니다.'
단어를 조합하여 문장을 만드세요:
Is essential that we leave now.
가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요:
감정과 그에 어울리는 형용사를 연결하세요:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Almost always in informal speech. However, in formal writing or when the 'that' clause is long and complex, keep it to help the reader follow the structure.
'I'm happy that you're here' focuses on the fact itself as a complement to your happiness. 'I'm happy because you're here' focuses on the cause-and-effect relationship.
Some style guides suggest avoiding it if you can (e.g., 'That he lied is sad' instead of 'The fact that he lied is sad'), but in C1 level academic writing, it is a very standard way to introduce evidence.
Use it to express surprise, disbelief, or a strong emotional reaction to something that seems unlikely or strange. It's more common in British English.
No, only after 'evaluative' adjectives (feelings, certainty, necessity). You can't say 'I am tall that...'.
In American English, it's very common ('It is vital he be there'). In British English, 'should' or the indicative is more common ('It is vital that he is/should be there').
It's the process of using 'It' as a placeholder at the start of a sentence to move a heavy 'that' clause to the end, making the sentence easier to process.
Because 'the fact' isn't being described by a relative clause; the 'that' clause *is* the fact. They are one and the same.
Scaffolded Practice
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2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
que + subjuntivo
Spanish uses the subjunctive for emotion; English uses the indicative or 'should'.
que + subjonctif
French requires the subjunctive for almost all evaluative clauses.
dass-Satz
German has strict verb-final word order in the 'dass' clause.
こと (koto) / の (no)
Japanese uses nominalization rather than a conjunction like 'that'.
أنّ (anna)
Arabic often requires a preposition before the 'that' equivalent.
Juxtaposition / 的 (de)
Chinese lacks a direct equivalent to the 'that' complementizer.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
If you had the chance to be immortal, would you take it? - Sarah Stroud and Michael Vazquez
Scientists still don't know the answer to this infamous question - Charles Wallace & Dan Kwartler
DnD Really Is Therapy
Advanced English Grammar: Noun Clauses
Adam’s English Lessons · engVid
Advanced English Grammar: Clauses
English with Lucy
Related Grammar Rules
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