Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the Past Progressive to describe ongoing actions in the past by combining 'داشتن' (to have) with the past stem.
- Conjugate 'داشتن' in the past tense: داشتم، داشتی، داشت...
- Add the main verb in its past continuous form (می + past stem + ending).
- Example: 'داشتم میرفتم' (I was going).
Overview
Conjugation of 'داشتن' + 'رفتن' (to go)
| Pronoun | Auxiliary | Main Verb | Full Form |
|---|---|---|---|
|
من
|
داشتم
|
میرفتم
|
داشتم میرفتم
|
|
تو
|
داشتی
|
میرفتی
|
داشتی میرفتی
|
|
او
|
داشت
|
میرفت
|
داشت میرفت
|
|
ما
|
داشتیم
|
میرفتیم
|
داشتیم میرفتیم
|
|
شما
|
داشتید
|
میرفتید
|
داشتید میرفتید
|
|
آنها
|
داشتند
|
میرفتند
|
داشتند میرفتند
|
Meanings
The Past Progressive describes an action that was in progress at a specific moment in the past. It emphasizes the duration or the 'in-the-middle-of' aspect of the action.
Ongoing past action
An action happening at a specific time.
“داشتم کتاب میخواندم.”
“داشتند بازی میکردند.”
Interrupted action
An action interrupted by another event.
“داشتم میخوابیدم که تلفن زنگ زد.”
“داشتم آشپزی میکردم که برق رفت.”
Background setting
Setting the scene in a narrative.
“باران میبارید و داشتم به حرفهایت فکر میکردم.”
“همه داشتند میخندیدند.”
Reference Table
| 인칭 대명사 | 보조 동사 (dāshtan) | 본동사 (mī + 어간 + 어미) | 의미 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Man (나)
|
dāshtam
|
mī-neveshtam
|
나는 쓰고 있었다
|
|
To (너)
|
dāshtī
|
mī-neveshtī
|
너는 쓰고 있었다
|
|
U (그/그녀)
|
dāsht
|
mī-nevesht
|
그/그녀는 쓰고 있었다
|
|
Mā (우리)
|
dāshtīm
|
mī-neveshtīm
|
우리는 쓰고 있었다
|
|
Shomā (당신들/당신)
|
dāshtīd
|
mī-neveshtīd
|
당신들은 쓰고 있었다
|
|
Ānhā (그들)
|
dāshtand
|
mī-neveshtand
|
그들은 쓰고 있었다
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
داشتم کار میکردم. (General)
داشتم کار میکردم. (General)
داشتم کار میکردم. (General)
داشتم کار میکردم. (General)
과거 진행형의 용도
동작의 중단
- برق رفت 전기가 나감
배경 설정
- هوا سرد بود 날씨가 추웠음
특정 시간
- دیروز ساعت ۹ 어제 9시
과거 vs 과거 진행
문장 만들기 단계
과거에 진행 중인 동작인가요?
'dāshtan'과 'mī'를 추가했나요?
동사 구성 요소
보조 동사 (dāshtan)
- • dāshtam
- • dāshtī
- • dāsht
접두사
- • mī-
어간 (Stems)
- • raft
- • kard
- • khord
수준별 예문
داشتم غذا میخوردم.
I was eating food.
داشتم میخوابیدم.
I was sleeping.
داشتم درس میخواندم.
I was studying.
داشتم کار میکردم.
I was working.
داشتی تلویزیون میدیدی؟
Were you watching TV?
داشتم نمیرفتم.
I wasn't going.
داشتند بازی میکردند.
They were playing.
داشتم نامه مینوشتم.
I was writing a letter.
داشتم میرفتم که تو را دیدم.
I was going when I saw you.
داشتم به حرفهایت فکر میکردم.
I was thinking about your words.
داشت باران میبارید.
It was raining.
داشتم شام درست میکردم.
I was making dinner.
وقتی وارد شدم، همه داشتند میخندیدند.
When I entered, everyone was laughing.
داشتم روی این گزارش کار میکردم.
I was working on this report.
خورشید داشت غروب میکرد.
The sun was setting.
داشتم سعی میکردم تمرکز کنم.
I was trying to focus.
او داشت در سکوت به آیندهاش فکر میکرد.
He was thinking about his future in silence.
داشتم به این فکر میکردم که آیا تصمیم درستی گرفتم.
I was thinking about whether I made the right decision.
در حالی که داشتم کتاب میخواندم، خوابم برد.
While I was reading, I fell asleep.
داشتند دربارهی مسائل سیاسی بحث میکردند.
They were discussing political issues.
گویی زمان داشت متوقف میشد.
It was as if time was stopping.
داشتم به عمق فاجعه پی میبردم.
I was realizing the depth of the tragedy.
او داشت با تمام وجود تلاش میکرد.
He was trying with all his might.
داشتم به یاد میآوردم که چطور همه چیز شروع شد.
I was remembering how everything started.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often use simple past for ongoing actions.
Both use 'می'.
Mixing up 'دارم' and 'داشتم'.
자주 하는 실수
داشتم رفتم
داشتم میرفتم
داشت رفتم
داشتم میرفتم
میداشتم رفتم
داشتم میرفتم
داشتم رفت
داشتم میرفتم
داشتم نرفتم
داشتم نمیرفتم
داشتی میرفت؟
داشتی میرفتی؟
داشتم میخورد
داشتم میخوردم
داشتم که میرفتم
داشتم میرفتم که...
داشتم رفته بودم
داشتم میرفتم
داشتم میروم
داشتم میرفتم
داشتم میبودم
داشتم بودم
داشتم میخواستم
داشتم میخواستم (rarely used)
داشتم میدانستم
داشتم میدانستم (incorrect)
داشتم میتوانستم
داشتم میتوانستم (incorrect)
문장 패턴
داشتم ___ میکردم.
وقتی ___، داشتم ___ میکردم.
آیا داشتی ___ میکردی؟
آنها داشتند ___ میکردند که ___.
Real World Usage
داشتم میاومدم.
داشتم روی پروژه کار میکردم.
داشتم از منظره عکس میگرفتم.
داشتم در خیابانهای اصفهان قدم میزدم.
داشتم سفارش را چک میکردم.
داشتم در شرکت قبلی مسئولیتهای مدیریتی داشتم.
구어체 줄임말
상태 동사 주의
문자 메시지 스타일
Smart Tips
Use the progressive to set the stage before a sudden event.
Use it to justify why you weren't available.
Use it to describe ongoing processes.
Use it for atmospheric descriptions.
발음
Intonation
Questions have a rising intonation at the end.
Question
داشتی میرفتی؟ ↗
Inquiry
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'داشتن' as holding the action in your hand while it happens.
시각적 연상
Imagine holding a clock in your hand while you are running; the clock shows you are 'in the middle' of the action.
Rhyme
داشتم و میرفتم، در گذشته میگشتم
Story
I was holding (داشتم) a sandwich. I was eating (میخوردم) it. Suddenly, the phone rang. I was eating when it rang.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 sentences about what you were doing at 8 PM last night.
문화 노트
In spoken Tehran dialect, 'میکردند' often becomes 'میکردن'.
Always use full endings in formal writing.
Used to create atmospheric descriptions.
The construction evolved from the auxiliary 'داشتن' (to have/hold) + the imperfective 'می' + verb.
대화 시작하기
دیروز ساعت ۸ داشتی چه کار میکردی؟
وقتی به خانه رسیدی، خانوادهات داشتند چه کار میکردند؟
آیا تا به حال در حالی که داشتی رانندگی میکردی، اتفاق عجیبی افتاده؟
اگر داشتی در یک فیلم بازی میکردی، چه نقشی داشتی؟
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesمن داشتم ___ (رفتن) به خانه.
Find and fix the mistake:
او داشت رفت.
آنها ___ بازی میکردند.
میخواندم / داشتم / کتاب
I was eating.
ما ___.
من -> ?
Use: داشتم، مینوشتم، نامه
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesما ___ .
I was cooking.
진행형 문장을 고르세요:
داشتم میرفتیم.
میدوید / داشت / علی / در / پارک
알맞게 연결하세요:
او داشت ___ .
구어체 형태를 고르세요:
داشتم غذا خوردم.
Was s/he working?
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
No, this is strictly for the past.
In colloquial speech, sometimes it's dropped, but it's safer to use it.
Avoid progressive for stative verbs like 'دانستن'.
Add 'ن' to the main verb: 'داشتم نمیرفتم'.
Yes, it's very common: 'وقتی رسیدم، داشتم کار میکردم'.
Yes, 'میرفتم' can be habitual; 'داشتم میرفتم' is specific.
It means 'continuous' or 'ongoing'.
Yes, some dialects use different auxiliaries.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Estaba + gerundio
Spanish uses gerunds; Persian uses the 'می' + stem form.
Être en train de
French is a periphrastic construction.
War am ...
German is less common in formal writing than Persian's progressive.
Te-iru (past: te-ita)
Japanese is agglutinative; Persian uses a separate auxiliary.
Kana + imperfect
Arabic uses the imperfect verb directly, not a 'می' prefix.
Zai + verb
Chinese has no conjugation; Persian is highly conjugated.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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