A1 · 초급 챕터 9

Linking Your First Thoughts

5 총 규칙
53 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Transform your isolated French words into fluid, expressive sentences by mastering essential linking words.

  • Connect your ideas using coordinating conjunctions like et, ou, and mais.
  • Express inclusion or exclusion using avec and sans.
  • Specify purpose and time using pour, à, en, and dans.
Connect your world, one word at a time!

배울 내용

Get ready for a super exciting chapter! You've mastered individual words, now it's time to put them together like building blocks and make your French flow naturally. In this chapter, we'll dive into essential connectors like 'et' (and), 'ou' (or), and 'mais' (but) to link your simple ideas and make your sentences sound smooth and conversational. You'll then learn how to use 'avec' (with) and 'sans' (without) – super useful for saying things like

I went with my friends
or without an umbrella! Next, we'll unlock the power of 'pour'. With 'pour', you can explain *why* you do things or *who* you do them for, like coffee for you. It's incredibly practical! Finally, we'll conquer French time prepositions: 'à', 'en', and 'dans'. These will help you specify exactly *when* something happens or is planned to happen. Imagine you're sitting in a Parisian cafe, ordering coffee *and* a croissant, or telling someone "I'm coming *with* my friend." Or perhaps you're making plans for an appointment *at* three o'clock. These little words are your secret weapon for making your conversations sound authentic and engaging! Don't worry, this is easier than you think! By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to link basic ideas, express inclusion and purpose, and talk about time like a pro. You'll feel much more confident, turning single words into real, flowing French sentences.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Combine two simple sentences into a complex thought using connectors.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Describe social plans including companions and timing.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to an incredibly exciting chapter in your French grammar A1 journey! You've already done an amazing job learning individual words, and now it's time to elevate your French by learning how to link them together seamlessly. Think of it like building with LEGOs: you have all the individual bricks, and now we're giving you the connectors to build complex, flowing structures.
This chapter is absolutely crucial for making your French sound natural and conversational, moving beyond single words to expressing complete thoughts. We'll explore essential French connectors and French prepositions that will allow you to combine ideas, express purpose, and specify time with confidence. Mastering these will significantly boost your ability to form coherent sentences, a key step in your CEFR A1 progression.
By the end of this chapter, you’ll be able to articulate simple ideas, make plans, and describe situations much more effectively, turning fragmented phrases into engaging dialogue. Get ready to unlock the power of connection in French!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces you to the fundamental building blocks for linking your thoughts in French. First up are the basic French conjunctions: et (and), ou (or), and mais (but). These are incredibly straightforward: "J'aime le café et le thé.
(I like coffee and tea.)
Tu veux du pain ou du fromage?
(Do you want bread or cheese?)
C'est petit mais confortable." (It's small but comfortable.) Next, we have the practical French prepositions avec (with) and sans (without).
Use avec to indicate companionship or inclusion:
Je suis avec mes amis.
(I am with my friends.) And sans for exclusion: "Un café sans sucre, s'il vous plaît.
(A coffee without sugar, please.) The versatile word pour is next, meaning both
for (recipient) and to/in order to (purpose). C'est un cadeau pour toi." (It's a gift for you.)
Je travaille pour apprendre le français.
(I work to learn French.) Finally, we tackle French time prepositions: à, en, and dans. Use à for specific times:
Le rendez-vous est à trois heures.
(The appointment is at three o'clock.) Use en for months, seasons, and years:
Je pars en juillet.
(I leave in July.)
Il est né en 2000.
(He was born in 2000.) And use dans to express in as in
a period of time from now
:
Je reviens dans une heure.
(I'll be back in an hour.) These simple words are your keys to making your sentences flow naturally and clearly in A1 French.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Je suis ici pour à apprendre.
✓ Correct:
Je suis ici pour apprendre.
(I am here to learn.)
*Explanation:* When pour is followed by a verb, the verb must be in the infinitive form. You do not need an additional à before the infinitive after pour.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Le train arrive en 15h.
✓ Correct:
Le train arrive à 15h.
(The train arrives at 3 PM.)
*Explanation:* Use à for specific times of the day (hours, minutes). En is used for months, seasons, and years, or for in when referring to a duration (e.g., en cinq minutes - in five minutes / *it takes* five minutes).
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Je vais revenir en une heure.
✓ Correct:
Je vais revenir dans une heure.
(I will be back in an hour.)
*Explanation:* While en can mean in for a duration, dans is used to express in as a future point in time, meaning from now.
Je reviens dans une heure
means "I'll be back one hour from now.« »Je fais ça en une heure means I do this *in* one hour" (it takes me one hour).

Real Conversations

A

A

Bonjour ! Tu veux un café ou un thé ? (Hello! Do you want a coffee or a tea?)
B

B

Un café, s'il te plaît. Avec du lait mais sans sucre. (A coffee, please. With milk but without sugar.)
A

A

Tu es libre à midi pour manger ? (Are you free at noon to eat?)
B

B

Oui, je suis libre. Je viens avec ma sœur. (Yes, I'm free. I'm coming with my sister.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between et, ou, and mais in French?

Et means and, linking two similar ideas or items. Ou means or, offering a choice. Mais means but, introducing a contrast or exception. They are fundamental French connectors.

Q

When should I use dans versus en for expressing time in French?

Use dans for a future point in time (in an hour, in two days). Use en for months, seasons, years, or to express the duration something takes (in five minutes meaning *it takes* five minutes).

Q

Can pour only be used for people, or can it be for actions too?

Pour is highly versatile! It can be for people (pour toi - for you), for things (pour le travail - for work), and for actions (pour manger - to eat / in order to eat). It expresses both recipient and purpose, making it a key part of A1 French grammar.

Cultural Context

In everyday French, these little words are the glue that holds conversations together. Native speakers use et, ou, and mais constantly to build sentences, often combining multiple ideas fluidly. You'll hear avec and sans in almost every interaction, from ordering food to making plans.
The use of pour to express purpose is also very common, like
Je suis ici pour ça
(I'm here for this). Pay attention to how French speakers use à, en, and dans for time; getting these right will make your plans and appointments sound much more natural and precise. Mastering these French prepositions and French conjunctions will not only improve your grammar but also make you sound more like a native speaker.

주요 예문 (6)

1

Je voudrais un café avec du lait.

우유 넣은 커피 주세요.

프랑스어 전치사 'Avec'와 'Sans': ~와 함께 그리고 ~없이
2

Elle préfère une pizza sans oignons.

그녀는 양파 없는 피자를 더 좋아해요.

프랑스어 전치사 'Avec'와 'Sans': ~와 함께 그리고 ~없이
3

J'achète des fleurs pour ma mère.

엄마를 위해 꽃을 사고 있어요.

프랑스어 '위해' 사용법 (pour)
4

C'est un cadeau pour toi !

널 위한 선물이야!

프랑스어 '위해' 사용법 (pour)
5

Le cours commence `à` neuf heures.

수업은 9시에 시작해요.

프랑스어 시간 전치사: (à, en, dans) 사용법
6

On se voit `à midi` pour le déjeuner ?

우리 점심 먹으러 정오에 만날까?

프랑스어 시간 전치사: (à, en, dans) 사용법

팁과 요령 (4)

⚠️

악센트 함정 주의!

'또는'을 쓰고 싶을 때 절대 'où'라고 쓰지 마세요. 'où'는 '어디'라는 뜻이거든요. 악센트가 없는 'ou'가 정답이에요:
Tu viens ou tu restes ?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 접속사: 그리고, 또는, 하지만 (et, ou, mais)
💡

관사 규칙

기억하세요: 'avec'는 보통 'le/la/les' 같은 관사를 지키려고 하고, 'sans'는 보통 버려요. 예를 들어: avec le sel vs sans sel
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 전치사 'Avec'와 'Sans': ~와 함께 그리고 ~없이
💡

목적의 법칙

우리말의 '~하기 위해서'라고 말하고 싶을 때 영어의 'in order to'처럼 pour를 쓰면 완벽해요.
Je mange pour vivre.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 '위해' 사용법 (pour)
⚠️

봄은 특별해요!

다른 계절은 'en'을 쓰지만, 봄만 유독 'au'를 사용해서
Je vais au Canada au printemps.
라고 말해요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 시간 전치사: (à, en, dans) 사용법

핵심 어휘 (6)

et and mais but avec with sans without pour for à at/to

Real-World Preview

coffee

Cafe Order

Review Summary

  • [Idea 1] + [et/ou/mais] + [Idea 2]
  • [Action] + [avec/sans] + [Noun]
  • [Action] + pour + [Noun/Infinitive]
  • [à/en/dans] + [Time]

자주 하는 실수

Remember to use the partitive article (du) with food/drink, even after connectors.

Wrong: Je mange et je bois café.
정답: Je mange et je bois du café.

Ensure the preposition is logically placed near the noun it modifies.

Wrong: Je vais avec lui sans sucre.
정답: Je prends mon café avec lui, sans sucre.

In French, use 'pour' only for purpose (for the sake of), not just before any verb.

Wrong: Je vais pour manger.
정답: Je vais manger.

Next Steps

You have officially leveled up your sentence-building skills! Keep practicing these connectors to make your French sound truly natural.

Write a 5-sentence story using all connectors.

Continue to: Explaining Why and How

빠른 연습 (10)

빈칸에 à, en, dans 중 알맞은 것을 넣으세요.

Le train part ___ cinq minutes. Dépêche-toi !

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dans
기차가 출발하기까지 남은 미래의 시간을 나타내므로 dans를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 시간 전치사: (à, en, dans) 사용법

가장 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

'배우기 위해 공부한다'를 프랑스어로 하면?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'étudie pour apprendre.
'pour' 뒤에 동사 원형을 쓰면 행동의 목적을 나타냅니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 '위해' 사용법 (pour)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

J'aime le chocolat et je n'aime pas la vanille.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'aime le chocolat mais je n'aime pas la vanille.
좋아하는 것과 좋아하지 않는 것을 대조할 때는 'mais'가 가장 적절해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 접속사: '그리고'와 '하지만' 같은 단어 연결하기 (Les conjonctions)

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

차와 커피 중 하나를 선택하는 문장은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tu veux du thé ou du café ?
선택을 나타낼 때는 악센트가 없는 'ou'를 사용해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 접속사: 그리고, 또는, 하지만 (et, ou, mais)

빈칸에 알맞은 접속사(et, ou, mais)를 넣으세요.

Il fait beau ___ il fait froid.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mais
날씨는 좋지만 춥다는 반대되는 내용을 연결하므로 'mais'가 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 접속사: '그리고'와 '하지만' 같은 단어 연결하기 (Les conjonctions)

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

다음 중 맞는 문장은 무엇일까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je suis né en 1995.
프랑스어에서 연도 앞에는 항상 전치사 en을 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 시간 전치사: (à, en, dans) 사용법

빈칸에 알맞은 전치사를 넣으세요.

Ce livre est ___ mon ami.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pour
물건을 받는 대상을 나타낼 때는 'pour'를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 '위해' 사용법 (pour)

어떤 문장이 올바른가요?

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je viens avec toi.
'avec'와 같은 전치사 뒤에는 강조 대명사(moi, toi, lui 등)를 사용해야 해요. 'toi'가 '너'를 위한 올바른 형태예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 전치사 'Avec'와 'Sans': ~와 함께 그리고 ~없이

틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Le rendez-vous est en midi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le rendez-vous est à midi.
midi(정오)나 minuit(자정) 같은 구체적인 시각에는 항상 à를 씁니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 시간 전치사: (à, en, dans) 사용법

빈칸에 알맞은 접속사를 넣으세요.

J'aime le chocolat ___ la vanille.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: et
초콜릿과 바닐라 두 가지 맛을 더하는 것이므로 'et'가 정답입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 접속사: 그리고, 또는, 하지만 (et, ou, mais)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

네! 특히 강조하고 싶을 때 자주 써요. Et voilà !(자, 여기요!)가 대표적인 예시예요.
'ou'는 평범한 '또는'이고, 'ou bien'은 «아니면~»처럼 선택지를 좀 더 강조할 때 써요:
Ici ou bien là-bas ?
네, 'avec'는 변하지 않아요. 'avec les enfants'처럼 뒤에 오는 관사만 바꿔주면 돼요.
아니요, 'avec du'나 'avec de la' (부분 관사)를 사용해요. 'sans'는 보통 'de'를 아예 사용하지 않고요.
주로 '~을 위해' 또는 목적을 나타내는 '~하기 위해'라는 뜻이에요. 예: "C'est pour toi" (이건 너를 위한 거야).
네, 하지만 pour 뒤에 오는 동사는 반드시 원형(Infinitive)이어야 해요. 예: pour manger (먹기 위해).
이전 챕터
Navigating Places and Destinations
다음 챕터
Explaining Why and How
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