Overview
借给 (jiègěi) is a directional verb in Chinese, meaning 'to lend to' or 'to loan to'. It combines the verb 借 (jiè), meaning 'to borrow' or 'to lend', with the directional complement 给 (gěi), meaning 'to give' or 'to pass to'. The 给 (gěi) here indicates the direction of the action, signifying that the lending is directed towards someone or something.
This verb is used when the subject is the one doing the lending, and the object is the recipient of the loan. It can be used for both tangible items (like money, books, or tools) and intangible things (like time or help).
Structure:
Subject + 借给 (jiègěi) + Object (the thing being lent) + (给 + Indirect Object (the person/entity receiving the loan) - often optional if the indirect object is clear from context or implied).
Alternatively, a more common structure is:
Subject + 借给 (jiègěi) + Indirect Object (the person/entity receiving the loan) + Object (the thing being lent).
Key nuances:
- 1Direction: The key takeaway is the 'to' aspect. It emphasizes that something is being transferred from the lender to the borrower.
- 1Temporary transfer: Like 'lend' in English, 借给 implies a temporary transfer of possession, with the expectation that the item will be returned.
- 1Distinction from 借 (jiè): While 借 (jiè) can mean both 'to borrow' and 'to lend', 借给 (jiègěi) specifically means 'to lend to'. If you want to say 'to borrow from', you would use 借 (jiè) with a different structure, often indicating the source.
- Example: 我向他借钱 (Wǒ xiàng tā jiè qián) - I borrowed money from him.
- Example: 我借钱给他 (Wǒ jiè qián gěi tā) - I lent money to him. (This is equivalent to 我借给他钱 (Wǒ jiègěi tā qián)).
- 1Placement of Indirect Object: The indirect object (the person being lent to) can sometimes precede the direct object (the item being lent), especially when the direct object is shorter or less emphasized.
Examples:
- 我把书借给我的朋友了。 (Wǒ bǎ shū jiègěi wǒ de péngyǒu le.) - I lent the book to my friend.
- 他借给我一些钱。 (Tā jiègěi wǒ yìxiē qián.) - He lent me some money.
- 老师借给学生一支笔。 (Lǎoshī jiègěi xuéshēng yì zhī bǐ.) - The teacher lent a pen to the student.
- 你能借给我你的自行车吗？ (Nǐ néng jiègěi wǒ nǐ de zìxíngchē ma?) - Can you lend me your bicycle?
- 请把那本书借给我看看。 (Qǐng bǎ nà běn shū jiègěi wǒ kànkan.) - Please lend me that book to read.
In summary, 借给 (jiègěi) is a clear and direct way to express the action of lending something to someone, emphasizing the transfer of the item to the recipient.
예시
他借给我一本书。
日常对话He lent me a book.
银行借给公司一大笔钱。
商务The bank lent a large sum of money to the company.
我把我的自行车借给邻居了。
家庭/邻里I lent my bicycle to my neighbor.
请你把笔借给我用一下好吗？
请求Could you please lend me your pen for a moment?
我不会把钱借给他，他从不还钱。
拒绝I won't lend him money; he never pays it back.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 혼동되는 단어
문법 패턴
사용법
사용 참고사항
The verb '借给' (jiègěi) literally means 'to lend to' or 'to loan to'. It implies that the action of lending is directed towards a specific recipient. The structure is typically: 'Subject + 借给 + Recipient + Object (what is lent)'. For example, '我借给朋友一本书' (Wǒ jiègěi péngyǒu yì běn shū) means 'I lent a book to my friend'. It's important to distinguish '借给' from '借' (jiè), which can mean both 'to borrow' and 'to lend' depending on the context. When '借' is used without '给', the direction of the action needs to be inferred or specified with additional prepositions. For instance, '我借钱' (Wǒ jiè qián) could mean 'I borrow money' or 'I lend money' without further clarification, but '我借给朋友钱' (Wǒ jiègěi péngyǒu qián) explicitly states 'I lent money to my friend'. When borrowing, one would typically say '我向朋友借钱' (Wǒ xiàng péngyǒu jiè qián), meaning 'I borrowed money from my friend'.
자주 하는 실수
A common mistake is confusing '借给' (to lend to) with '借来' (to borrow from). '借给' implies you are the one lending something out, while '借来' implies you are the one receiving something as a loan.
팁
Usage Tip
Common Pitfall
Grammar Focus
어원
The character '借' (jiè) means 'to borrow' or 'to lend'. It is composed of the radical '人' (rén) meaning 'person' and '昔' (xī) which suggests 'old times' or 'past', indicating an action involving transfer of something for a period. The character '给' (gěi) means 'to give' or 'to grant'. Its radical '纟' (sī) represents 'silk' or 'thread', and '合' (hé) means 'to combine' or 'to join', implying an action of handing over. When combined, '借给' literally means 'to lend and give', emphasizing the act of lending something to someone.
문화적 맥락
In Chinese culture, borrowing and lending money or items often carries significant social weight. While direct lending between close family and friends is common and often viewed as a gesture of support and trust, it can also lead to complicated interpersonal dynamics if not managed carefully. There's an underlying expectation in some traditional contexts that if you lend to someone, especially a close acquaintance, they might feel obligated to reciprocate in the future. Conversely, borrowing from someone can place you in a position of social debt. Business or formal lending, on the other hand, is typically more straightforward and governed by contracts, although personal relationships can still influence such transactions. The act of lending (借给 - jiègěi) can strengthen bonds, but also strain them if expectations around repayment or the terms of the loan are not clear or are violated.
암기 팁
The character '借' (jiè) means 'to borrow' or 'to lend'. The character '给' (gěi) means 'to give'. So, '借给' literally means 'to lend by giving'.
자주 묻는 질문
4 질문셀프 테스트
他把书___了朋友。
你可以___我你的笔吗？
妈妈___了我一些钱去买东西。
점수: /3
Usage Tip
Common Pitfall
Grammar Focus
예시
5 / 5他借给我一本书。
He lent me a book.
银行借给公司一大笔钱。
The bank lent a large sum of money to the company.
我把我的自行车借给邻居了。
I lent my bicycle to my neighbor.
请你把笔借给我用一下好吗？
Could you please lend me your pen for a moment?
我不会把钱借给他，他从不还钱。
I won't lend him money; he never pays it back.
