Persian Grammar Hub

Understand Persian Grammar Faster

Browse the grammar system by level and category, then open clear explanations with practical examples.

193 Total Rules
40 Chapters
6 CEFR level
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Understand Persian Grammar Faster

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A1 Script & Writing Verified

The Persian Alphabet (Consonants & Vowels)

Persian letters change shape depending on where they sit in a word, and short vowels are usually invisible.

  • • Persian is written Right-to-Left (RTL).
  • • Letters connect like cursive handwriting.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Persian Plurals: Making things more than one (-hā & -ān)

Use `-hā` for all plurals unless you're writing formal literature or speaking about living beings in formal settings.

  • • Use `-hā` for everything: people, objects, and pla...
  • • Use `-ān` only for living things in formal or lite...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Script & Writing Verified

Writing Loanwords in Persian Script

To write foreign words in Persian, ignore the English spelling and write the sounds you hear using the closest Persian letters.

  • • Write what you hear, not what you see in the Engli...
  • • Use `پ`, `چ`, `ژ`, and `گ` for sounds not found in...
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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C1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

The Vocative Case in Persian (ey, -â)

The vocative markers `ey` and `-â` transform ordinary nouns into elevated, formal addresses for poetry and prayer.

  • • Use `ey` before a noun for formal, literary addres...
  • • Add suffix `-â` to the end for poetic or religious...
10 examples 1 exercises 1 FAQ
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C2 Script & Writing Verified

Formal & Journalistic Structures (Passive & Impersonal)

To sound academic or journalistic, remove the personal actor and let the facts stand as the subject using impersonal passive structures.

  • • Use Passive Voice to remove the subject.
  • • Swap `shodan` with `gardidan` for prestige.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Script & Writing Verified

Connecting Persian Letters: The Cursive Flow

Persian is a mandatory cursive script where letters change shape depending on their position and connections.

  • • Persian letters must connect to each other natural...
  • • Most letters have 4 forms: Isolated, Initial, Medi...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Persian Pronoun Endings: me, you, him (-am, -at, -aš)

Use pronominal suffixes to show possession or objects efficiently without sounding like a formal Persian textbook.

  • • Short endings added to nouns to show possession li...
  • • Replace full pronouns like 'man' or 'to' for a nat...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Script & Writing Verified

Persian Numbers 0-10 (yek, do, seh)

Use **Number + tâ + Singular Noun** for counting anything in spoken Persian.

  • • Numbers go BEFORE the noun.
  • • The noun always stays SINGULAR.
12 examples 1 exercises 1 FAQ
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B1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Pointing Words: 'This' vs. 'These' (In vs. Inhā)

When pointing at a noun, keep 'this/that' singular (`in`/`ān`) even if the noun is plural.

  • • Adjective: 'This books' (Never pluralize pointing...
  • • Pronoun: 'These are' (Pluralize when standing alon...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Making Nouns: Suffixes -i, -esh, -egi

Use `-i` and `-egi` for abstract qualities, and `-esh` with present stems for action-based nouns.

  • • Suffix `-i` (ی) turns adjectives into abstract nou...
  • • Suffix `-egi` (گی) is used instead of `-i` for wor...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Persian Possession: My, Your, His (-am, -at, -ash)

Attach suffixes for casual talk or use the 'e' bridge for formal clarity to show ownership in Persian.

  • • Use Ezāfe (-e-) to link nouns to pronouns (e.g., k...
  • • Use suffixes (-am, -et, -esh) for fast, natural co...
10 examples 3 exercises 18 FAQ
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A1 Script & Writing Verified

Persian Numbers 11-100: Counting Made Easy

Connect tens and units with the 'o' sound (و) to count any number from 21 to 99.

  • • Numbers 11-19 end in -dah and are unique words wit...
  • • Tens (20, 30, etc.) are distinct words like 'bist'...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Persian Possession: Mine, Yours, and Theirs (māl-e)

Use `مالِ` to emphasize ownership or say 'mine/yours' when the object isn't directly attached to the owner.

  • • Use `مالِ` (māl-e) to say 'mine', 'yours', or 'bel...
  • • It acts like a possessive pronoun or marker for em...
10 examples 1 exercises 1 FAQ
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B2 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Each Other: Reciprocal Pronouns (hamdigar)

Use `همدیگر` for mutual actions; it requires plural verbs and acts like a normal noun in sentences.

  • • Used for mutual actions involving two or more peop...
  • • `همدیگر` is standard/casual, while `یکدیگر` is for...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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C2 Verb System Verified

Advanced Persian Passives: Sounding More Formal

Mastering different passive forms lets you precisely control the formality and tone of your Persian.

  • • Use `شدن` for everyday passive voice.
  • • Use `گشتن` or `گردیدن` for formal, literary, or hi...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Pronouns Verified

Persian Personal Pronouns: I, You, He/She (man, to, u)

Persian pronouns are gender-blind and often optional, relying on politeness levels and verb endings for clear meaning.

  • • Persian has zero gender—one word for he, she, and...
  • • Persian is pro-drop, so you often leave pronouns o...
12 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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Why Learn Persian Grammar?

Grammar is the foundation of language fluency. Without understanding grammar patterns, you can memorize vocabulary but struggle to form correct sentences. Here's why structured grammar study matters:

Build Accurate Sentences

Move beyond memorized phrases. Understand the rules so you can create original, correct sentences in any situation.

Pass Language Exams

Grammar is tested in every major language exam — IELTS, DELE, DELF, JLPT, HSK, TOPIK, and more. Our CEFR-aligned curriculum maps directly to exam requirements.

Understand Native Speakers

Knowing grammar helps you parse complex sentences, understand nuance, and follow conversations even when speakers use advanced constructions.

Progress Faster

Students who study grammar systematically reach fluency faster than those who rely on immersion alone. Structure accelerates learning.

How Our Persian Grammar Course Works

1

Choose Your Level

Start with your CEFR level — from A0 Zero Point to C2 Mastery. Not sure? Begin at A0 and progress at your own pace.

2

Study Structured Chapters

Each chapter covers a grammar topic with clear explanations, pattern tables, and real-world example sentences.

3

Practice with Exercises

Test your understanding with interactive exercises — fill-in-the-blank, multiple choice, sentence building, and translation practice.

4

Track & Progress

Your progress is saved automatically. Complete chapters, unlock new levels, and watch your grammar mastery grow.

Frequently Asked Questions About Persian Grammar

SubLearn covers 193 Persian grammar rules organized across 6 CEFR proficiency levels (from A1 to C2), spanning 40 structured chapters. Each rule includes clear explanations, real-world examples, and interactive practice exercises.

Our Persian grammar curriculum covers CEFR levels from A1 to C2. Each level is designed to match your current proficiency — beginners start with basic sentence patterns at A1, while advanced learners tackle nuanced structures at C1-C2.

Yes! All Persian grammar rules, explanations, and examples are completely free to access. You can browse the full curriculum, read detailed explanations, and practice with exercises at no cost.

Grammar is organized into 40 thematic chapters following the CEFR framework. Each chapter groups related rules together — for example, verb tenses, sentence structure, or particles — so you can learn related concepts in a logical sequence.

Yes! Create a free account to track which grammar rules you've studied, see your progress across all CEFR levels, and pick up exactly where you left off. Your learning progress syncs across devices.

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