Árabe: Tamyiz (Especificação/Esclarecimento)
números, medidas ou comparativos!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Tamyiz is an indefinite noun in the accusative case used to clarify ambiguity in a preceding word or sentence.
- Tamyiz is always indefinite (nakira) and in the accusative (mansub) case.
- It clarifies either a specific word (like numbers or weights) or an entire sentence.
- It removes vagueness, e.g., 'I bought twenty' (what?) becomes 'I bought twenty books'.
Overview
Eu sou melhor e todo mundo perguntou Melhor em quê? Videogame? Cozinhar?? Esse silêncio constrangedor é exatamente o que o Tamyiz (Especificação) resolve. Ele responde à pergunta
Em termos de quê?. Sem ele, suas frases ficam vagas. Em árabe, isso é uma função gramatical precisa.
How This Grammar Works
Ele é maior — e especifica: Ele é maior em idade. Estruturalmente, distingue-se do Hal (Estado) porque o Tamyiz geralmente descreve uma qualidade intrínseca, enquanto o Hal descreve um estado temporário.
Formation Pattern
al-).
ً ) ou (-an) ao final.
الهاتف ممتلئ شحناً (shahnan).
When To Use It
خمسة عشر دولاراً (Quinze dólares).أنا أكثر منك خبرةً (Tenho mais experiência que você).izdāda (aumentar), imtl'a (encher-se).ازداد الجو حرارةً (O clima aumentou em calor).لتر حليباً (Um litro de leite).
Common Mistakes
akbar sinnin (genitivo), soa pesado. Use akbar sinnan.al-khibrah, diga khibratan.Ele veio correndo(
rāqiḍan) é Hal. Ele explodiu de raiva(
ghaḍaban) é Tamyiz.Contrast With Similar Patterns
Acordei cansado.→
mut'aban (Hal).Aumentei em cansaço.→ Tamyiz.
Quick FAQ
Pode ser plural?
Apenas com números 3-10. Aqui (11-99), é singular.
É usado em dialeto?
A lógica sim, mas a terminação (-an) geralmente cai. Em árabe formal, soa muito eloquente.
Tamyiz Structure
| Type | Vague Element | Tamyiz (Indefinite) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Number
|
عِشْرُونَ
|
قَلَماً
|
عِشْرُونَ قَلَماً
|
|
Weight
|
رِطْلٌ
|
عَسَلاً
|
رِطْلٌ عَسَلاً
|
|
Measure
|
لِتْرٌ
|
حَلِيباً
|
لِتْرٌ حَلِيباً
|
|
Comparison
|
أَكْثَرُ
|
مَالاً
|
أَكْثَرُ مَالاً
|
|
State
|
امْتَلأَ
|
مَاءً
|
امْتَلأَ مَاءً
|
|
Quality
|
أَحْسَنُ
|
خُلُقاً
|
أَحْسَنُ خُلُقاً
|
Meanings
Tamyiz acts as a disambiguator. It provides the specific detail needed to resolve ambiguity in a preceding noun or a whole clause.
Tamyiz of the Essence (Dhat)
Clarifies a specific word like numbers, weights, or measures.
“عِنْدِي رِطْلٌ عَسَلاً (I have a pound of honey.)”
“اشْتَرَيْتُ ثَلاثِينَ قَلَماً (I bought thirty pens.)”
Tamyiz of the Relation (Nisba)
Clarifies the ambiguity of an entire sentence or relationship.
“طَابَ مُحَمَّدٌ نَفْساً (Muhammad is pleasant in spirit.)”
“امْتَلأَ الإِنَاءُ مَاءً (The container is full of water.)”
Reference Table
| Contexto Gatilho | Exemplo em Árabe | Transliteração | Significado |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Comparação (Superlativo)
|
هو أسرعُ **كتابةً**
|
Huwa asra'u **kitābatan**
|
Ele é mais rápido **na escrita**
|
|
Verbo de Preenchimento
|
امتلأ القلبُ **يقيناً**
|
Imtala'a al-qalbu **yaqīnan**
|
O coração se encheu **de certeza**
|
|
Número (11-99)
|
تسعون **دقيقةً**
|
Tis'ūna **daqīqatan**
|
Noventa **minutos**
|
|
Verbo de Aumento
|
ازدادَ **نجاحاً**
|
Izdāda **najāḥan**
|
Ele aumentou **em sucesso**
|
|
Medida
|
كيلو **موزاً**
|
Kīlū **mawzan**
|
Um quilo **de bananas**
|
|
Exclamação
|
لله درّهُ **عالماً**!
|
Lillāhi darruhu **'āliman**!
|
Que **estudioso** ele é!
|
Espectro de formalidade
هُوَ أَفْضَلُ خُلُقاً (Describing someone's personality)
هُوَ أَحْسَنُ فِي الْخُلُقِ (Describing someone's personality)
أَخْلَاقُهُ كُوَيْسَة (Describing someone's personality)
زَلَمَة مِعْدِنُه ذَهَب (Describing someone's personality)
Tipos de Tamyiz
Próprio / Palavra Única
- Weights Quilo, Litro
- Numbers 11-99
Proporção / Frase
- Comparison Melhor que...
- Transformation Aumentou em...
Tamyiz vs. Hal
É Tamyiz?
A palavra é indefinida e acusativa (-an)?
Ela responde 'Em termos de quê?'
Está depois de um número (11-99) ou comparativo?
Gatilhos Comuns
Verbos de Preenchimento
- • Imtala'a (Encher)
- • Fāḍa (Transbordar)
- • Kafā (Ser suficiente)
Comparativos
- • Akthar (Mais)
- • Ajmal (Mais bonito)
- • Aqall (Menos)
Medidas
- • Quilo
- • Litro
- • Hectare
Exemplos por nível
عِنْدِي خَمْسَةُ أَقْلَامٍ
I have five pens.
اشْتَرَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ كُتُبٍ
I bought three books.
عِنْدِي كِيلُو تُفَّاحاً
I have a kilo of apples.
أُرِيدُ لِتْرَ حَلِيبٍ
I want a liter of milk.
هَذَا خَاتَمٌ ذَهَباً
This ring is (made of) gold.
اشْتَرَيْتُ عِشْرِينَ قَلَماً
I bought twenty pens.
هَذَا بَيْتٌ حَجَراً
This house is (made of) stone.
عِنْدِي مِتْرٌ قُمَاشاً
I have a meter of fabric.
أَنَا أَكْثَرُ مِنْكَ مَالاً
I have more wealth than you.
طَابَ الْمَكَانُ هَوَاءً
The place is pleasant in air.
امْتَلأَ الْكُوبُ مَاءً
The cup is full of water.
زِدْتُ عِلْماً
I increased in knowledge.
هُوَ أَحْسَنُ خُلُقاً
He is better in character.
كَفَى بِاللهِ شَهِيداً
Allah is sufficient as a witness.
اشْتَرَيْتُ غِرَارَةً قَمْحاً
I bought a sack of wheat.
تَصَبَّبَ الْعَرَقُ جَبِيناً
Sweat poured down the forehead.
مَا أَجْمَلَهُ وَجْهاً
How beautiful he is in face!
تَفَوَّقَ الطَّالِبُ ذَكَاءً
The student excelled in intelligence.
لَا يُضَاهِيهِ أَحَدٌ شَجَاعَةً
No one equals him in bravery.
تَزَايَدَ السُّكَّانُ عَدَداً
The population increased in number.
وَفَجَّرْنَا الأَرْضَ عُيُوناً
And We caused the earth to gush forth with springs.
أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ بَأْساً
The most intense of people in might.
خَفَّتِ السَّيَّارَةُ سُرْعَةً
The car slowed down in speed.
تَمَيَّزَ الْفَنَّانُ إِبْدَاعاً
The artist distinguished himself in creativity.
Fácil de confundir
Both are accusative nouns.
Erros comuns
عِنْدِي خَمْسَةُ القَلَمِ
عِنْدِي خَمْسَةُ أَقْلَامٍ
اشْتَرَيْتُ كِيلُو التُّفَّاحُ
اشْتَرَيْتُ كِيلُو تُفَّاحاً
هُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْكَ الخُلُقُ
هُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْكَ خُلُقاً
تَمَيَّزَ بِالذَّكَاءُ
تَمَيَّزَ ذَكَاءً
Padrões de frases
عِنْدِي ___ ___
Real World Usage
أريد كيلو تفاحاً.
أنا أكثر الناس حباً للقهوة.
أنا أفضل من المتقدمين خبرةً.
أريد لتر حليباً.
تزايد السكان عدداً.
أحتاج متراً قماشاً.
O Atalho do 'Min'
Cuidado ao Descrever o Corpo
Elegância Formal
Smart Tips
Always follow the number with a singular indefinite accusative noun.
Add a Tamyiz noun to explain the comparison.
Use the measurement followed by the substance as Tamyiz.
Use Tamyiz to specify what is full.
Pronúncia
Tanwin Fath
The 'an' sound at the end of the Tamyiz noun.
Clarification stress
عِنْدِي كِيلُو (pause) تُفَّاحاً
The pause emphasizes the clarification.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Tamyiz is the 'What-Is-It' word. If you feel a gap, fill it with Tamyiz.
Associação visual
Imagine a box labeled '10'. It's empty. You drop a 'Pen' into it. The box is now '10 Pens'.
Rhyme
When the sentence is vague and you need to be clear, add an indefinite noun with a tanwin at the rear.
Story
Ali went to the market. He said 'Give me five.' The merchant stared. Ali realized his mistake and added 'kilos of dates.' The merchant smiled and gave him the dates.
Word Web
Desafio
Write 5 sentences today describing things you own using measurements (e.g., a cup of coffee, a kilo of sugar).
Notas culturais
Often used in markets to specify weight.
Used in formal poetry and religious discourse.
Commonly used in daily commerce.
Derived from the root 'm-y-z', meaning to distinguish.
Iniciadores de conversa
مَا هُوَ أَكْثَرُ شَيْءٍ تُحِبُّهُ؟
هَلْ تَشْتَرِي كَثِيراً مِنَ الْفَاكِهَةِ؟
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
Ana akbar minka ___ (sinn). (Eu sou mais velho que você em idade)
Qual frase é gramaticalmente correta?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ishtaraytu khamsata 'ashara kitābun. (اشتريتُ خمسة عشر كتابٌ)
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesعِنْدِي كِيلُو ___ (apples)
Find and fix the mistake:
اشْتَرَيْتُ عِشْرِينَ الكِتَابَ
Which is correct?
عَسَلاً / رِطْلٌ / عِنْدِي
I have three pens.
Match: 1. كِيلُو, 2. أَكْثَرُ
Use 'امْتَلأَ' and 'مَاءً'
عِنْدِي لِتْرٌ ___ (milk)
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesHuwa ash-haru ___ (ism).
Match the context to the specification.
Arrange: / al-qāhirah / al-iskandariyyah / min / alṭafu / hawā'an / .
Select the correct sentence.
Translate into Arabic: 'He exploded with anger.'
Hādhā al-fīlm aktharu rōmansiyyah (هذا الفيلم أكثرُ رومانسية)
Ishtaraytu kīlū ___ (tuffāḥ - apples).
Which word is the Tamyiz in: 'Raja'a al-jundiyyu manṣūran' (The soldier returned victorious)?
ṣadīqī / mahāratan / minnī / aktharu
Translate: 15 minutes
Score: /10
Perguntas frequentes (8)
Yes, in the context of Tamyiz al-Dhat and al-Nisba, it is always mansub.
No, it must be indefinite (nakira).
Yes, though the tanwin ending is often dropped in speech.
An adjective modifies the noun; Tamyiz clarifies the quantity or essence.
It is required for numbers 11-99.
Yes, in Tamyiz al-Nisba, it clarifies the verb's relationship.
Very common, especially in statistics.
It's a grammatical error, but you will still be understood.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Complemento de especificación
Arabic uses case endings; Spanish uses prepositions.
Complément de nom
Arabic is more synthetic.
Genitivattribut
Arabic uses accusative.
Counter suffixes
Japanese is agglutinative.
Measure words
Arabic Tamyiz is a noun, not a classifier.
Tamyiz
N/A
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Vídeos relacionados
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