B1 · Intermediário Capítulo 3

Reporting Commands and Time

4 Regras totais
42 exemplos
7 min
Regras neste capítulo Prática rápida

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of relaying commands and shifting time in French conversation.

  • Convert direct commands into indirect reports using the preposition 'de'.
  • Adjust time expressions to maintain logical flow in reported stories.
  • Identify the 'discours indirect libre' style for expressive storytelling.
Tell better stories by mastering the art of reporting.

O que você vai aprender

Hey there, future French speaker! Ready to level up your conversations? This chapter is going to be super cool! Have you ever wanted to tell someone what another person said, but weren't sure how to handle commands or adjust the timing? Don't worry, that's exactly what we're diving into! First, you'll master how to report commands given by others in your own words. For example, when your mom says, Eat your food!, how do you tell your friend,

My mom told me to eat my food
? You'll do it easily with a tiny word de and the infinitive verb! We'll even learn how to report negative commands like "Don't go out!
. Imagine telling your friend your teacher said,
Don't go outside" – you wouldn't say it exactly as they did in the moment; you'd adjust it so it makes sense in your current conversation. Next, we'll tackle how to change time-related words like yesterday or tomorrow when you're reporting someone's speech. This is crucial for keeping your story logical and ensuring no one gets confused. You can't say He said yesterday... if you're recounting it today; you'll learn to shift it to something like
He said the day before...
You'll sound like a pro storyteller! Finally, you'll get a peek into a fascinating literary technique called 'Discours indirect libre'. While you might not use it in everyday conversation yet, understanding it will totally transform how you read French novels, making you feel like you're directly hearing the characters' thoughts without the he said interruptions. So, get ready! After this chapter, you'll be able to relay what others said much more smoothly, tell stories without timeline blips, and appreciate French texts on a deeper level. It's way easier than you think, I promise! Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: report commands accurately using the infinitive structure.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: shift temporal markers like 'hier' to 'la veille' naturally.

Guia do capítulo

Overview

Welcome to your next step in mastering French grammar, specifically designed for B1 French learners! This chapter is all about making your conversations smoother and your storytelling more precise. As you move beyond basic sentence structures, being able to accurately report what others have said becomes incredibly important.
Imagine trying to explain a friend's advice or recounting a funny anecdote – you wouldn't want to misrepresent the original message or confuse your listeners with incorrect timelines. This guide will equip you with the essential tools to handle reported speech in French, transforming you into a more confident and articulate speaker.
We'll dive deep into how to transform direct commands into indirect commands in French, using the elegant de + infinitif construction. No more awkward direct quotes when you're trying to summarize! You'll also learn the crucial art of adjusting time references, like changing yesterday to the day before, a skill that ensures your narratives always make perfect sense.
These techniques are fundamental for natural communication and are key components of achieving fluency at the B1 level and beyond.
Beyond everyday conversation, we'll even explore a fascinating literary device: Discours indirect libre. While you might not use it daily, understanding it will open up a new dimension in your appreciation of French literature, helping you to truly grasp character perspectives. By the end of this chapter, you'll not only avoid common reported speech French mistakes but also sound incredibly natural and sophisticated when relaying information.
Let's make your French storytelling shine!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the mechanics of reporting commands and time in French. First up, Reporting Commands: 'to do' (de + infinitif). When someone gives a direct command, like Mange ta soupe! (Eat your soup!), and you want to report it, you typically use a reporting verb such as *dire* (to say), *demander* (to ask), *ordonner* (to order), or *conseiller* (to advise), followed by de and the infinitive form of the verb.
For example, "Il m'a dit de manger ma soupe" (He told me to eat my soup). This structure simplifies the command into a single, reported action.
Next, we tackle Reporting Negative Commands (Discours indirect : impératif négatif). If the original command was negative, like Ne pars pas! (Don't leave!), the ne...pas structure remains, but it wraps around the de + infinitif phrase. So, "Elle m'a dit de ne pas partir" (She told me not to leave).
Notice how ne pas stays together before the infinitive. This is a common point of confusion but easy to master with practice.
Crucially, Reported Speech: Changing Time Words ensures your stories are always logical. When you report something that was said in the past, time adverbs often need to shift. For instance, hier (yesterday) becomes la veille (the day before), demain (tomorrow) becomes le lendemain (the next day), and aujourd'hui (today) becomes ce jour-là (that day).
So, "Il a dit : 'Je viendrai demain'" (He said: 'I will come tomorrow') becomes "Il a dit qu'il viendrait le lendemain" (He said that he would come the next day). This B1 French grammar adjustment is vital for clarity.
Finally, we have French Inner Monologue Style (Discours indirect libre). This advanced technique blends direct and indirect speech without explicit reporting verbs or conjunctions. It's often found in literature, allowing the narrator to convey a character's thoughts or words directly, but with the grammatical tense and pronoun shifts of indirect speech.
For example, instead of "Elle pensait : 'Je suis fatiguée'" (She thought: 'I am tired') or "Elle pensait qu'elle était fatiguée
(She thought that she was tired), *discours indirect libre* might present it as
Elle était fatiguée. Elle n'en pouvait plus" (She was tired. She couldn't take it anymore).
The feeling of direct thought is preserved without the direct quote marks.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: "Il m'a dit manger ma soupe."
✓ Correct: "Il m'a dit de manger ma soupe."
*Explanation:* When reporting a command with verbs like *dire*, *demander*, *ordonner*, etc., you must use de before the infinitive. Forgetting de is a very common error for French learners.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: "Elle a dit qu'elle viendrait demain." (said today, reporting yesterday's statement)
✓ Correct: "Elle a dit qu'elle viendrait le lendemain."
*Explanation:* If the original statement was Je viendrai demain made yesterday, and you are reporting it today, demain needs to shift to le lendemain to reflect the new temporal context. Always adjust time adverbs to match the reporting context.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Il nous a demandé de pas faire de bruit.
✓ Correct:
Il nous a demandé de ne pas faire de bruit.
*Explanation:* In reported negative commands, the ne...pas structure must surround the infinitive, not just pas after de. Remember de ne pas + infinitif.

Real Conversations

A

A

Mon professeur a dit :
Lisez ce chapitre pour demain !
(My teacher said:
Read this chapter for tomorrow!
)
B

B

Ah oui ? Il nous a aussi demandé de lire ce chapitre pour le lendemain. (Oh really? He also asked us to read this chapter for the next day.)
A

A

Ma mère m'a dit : "N'oublie pas tes clés !
(My mother told me:
Don't forget your keys!")
B

B

Ah, la mienne m'a toujours dit de ne pas oublier les miennes. C'est classique ! (Ah, mine always told me not to forget mine. That's classic!)
A

A

Hier, mon patron a annoncé : "La réunion aura lieu aujourd'hui.
(Yesterday, my boss announced:
The meeting will take place today.")
B

B

Donc, il a annoncé que la réunion aurait lieu ce jour-là, c'est ça ? (So, he announced that the meeting would take place that day, right?)

Quick FAQ

Q

What are the most common verbs used to report commands in French?

Common verbs include *dire* (to say/tell), *demander* (to ask), *ordonner* (to order), *conseiller* (to advise), *proposer* (to suggest), and *interdire* (to forbid). All of these are followed by de + infinitif.

Q

How do you change la semaine prochaine (next week) in reported speech?

La semaine prochaine typically becomes

la semaine suivante
(the following week) in reported speech, similar to how demain becomes le lendemain.

Q

Is *Discours indirect libre* something I should try to use in everyday French conversations?

While understanding *Discours indirect libre* is valuable for reading, it is primarily a literary device. Using it extensively in everyday spoken French might sound unnatural or confusing. Stick to direct or standard indirect speech for daily conversations.

Q

Can I use que instead of de after reporting verbs for commands?

No, for reporting commands, you must use de + infinitif. Que is used to introduce a reported statement (e.g., *Il a dit qu'il viendrait* - He said that he would come), not a command.

Cultural Context

In everyday French, using reported speech, particularly indirect commands with de + infinitif, is extremely common and essential for natural conversation. Native speakers constantly summarize or relay information, making these structures integral to fluid communication. While the changing of time words like hier to la veille is a standard grammatical rule, in very informal spoken French, you might occasionally hear less strict adherence, especially if the context is absolutely clear.
However, for clear and correct French, especially at B1 level, mastering these shifts is crucial. *Discours indirect libre*, as mentioned, is almost exclusively a written, literary technique, adding depth and immediacy to narratives in novels and stories.

Exemplos-chave (8)

1

Le serveur me dit de choisir un dessert.

O garçom me diz para escolher uma sobremesa.

Relatar Ordens: 'dizer para fazer' (de + infinitif)
2

Ma mère me demande d'acheter du pain.

Minha mãe está me pedindo para comprar pão.

Relatar Ordens: 'dizer para fazer' (de + infinitif)
3

Mon coloc me dit de ne pas toucher son fromage.

Meu colega de quarto me diz para não tocar no queijo dele.

Relatar ordens negativas (Discours indirect : impératif négatif)
4

Le chauffeur Uber nous demande de ne pas fumer dans la voiture.

O motorista do Uber nos pede para não fumar no carro.

Relatar ordens negativas (Discours indirect : impératif négatif)
5

Il a dit qu'il arrivait ce jour-là.

Ele disse que chegaria naquele dia.

Discurso Indireto: Mudança de indicadores temporais (hier → la veille)
6

Elle m'a envoyé un message pour dire qu'elle finirait le lendemain.

Ela me mandou uma mensagem para dizer que terminaria no dia seguinte.

Discurso Indireto: Mudança de indicadores temporais (hier → la veille)
7

Quand viendrait-elle ?

Ele não aguentava mais esperar. Quando ela viria?

Estilo de monólogo interior francês (Discours indirect libre)
8

Pourquoi ne répondait-il pas ?

Ela olhou para o celular. Por que ele não respondia?

Estilo de monólogo interior francês (Discours indirect libre)

Dicas e truques (4)

🎯

O Atalho da Vogal

Fique de olho! O 'de' vira 'd'' antes de uma vogal ou 'h' mudo. É a mesma regra que você já conhece para 'le/la' virar 'l''. Por exemplo: "Il me demande d'aller."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relatar Ordens: 'dizer para fazer' (de + infinitif)
🎯

A Regra do Infinito

Sempre use o infinitivo. Mesmo que o comando original fosse 'ne sois pas' (do verbo être) ou 'n'aie pas' (do verbo avoir), na forma indireta você usa a forma base, a palavra do dicionário. Tipo:
Il me dit de ne pas être bête.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relatar ordens negativas (Discours indirect : impératif négatif)
🎯

A Regra do 'Là'

Se uma palavra de tempo tem 'ce' ou 'cette' (tipo 'ce soir' ou 'ce matin'), é só adicionar '-là' no final para o discurso indireto: ce soir-là, ce matin-là. Super fácil!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discurso Indireto: Mudança de indicadores temporais (hier → la veille)
🎯

O 'Teste da Vibe'

Se a frase parece uma citação direta, mas usa 'ele' ou 'ela' e está no passado, é bem provável que seja 'indirect libre'. Pense: 'Ele estava cansado!'. Il était fatigué !
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Estilo de monólogo interior francês (Discours indirect libre)

Vocabulário-chave (5)

la veille the day before ordonner to order le lendemain the next day penser to think interdire to forbid

Real-World Preview

briefcase

A Busy Office Day

Review Summary

  • Verb (dire/ordonner) + de + infinitif
  • Verb + de + ne pas + infinitif
  • hier -> la veille; demain -> le lendemain
  • No reporting verb + third-person perspective

Erros comuns

In French, we use the indirect object pronoun 'me' (m') before the verb, not 'moi' after 'dit'.

Wrong: Il a dit moi de manger.
Correto: Il m'a dit de manger.

The 'ne pas' structure stays together before the infinitive verb.

Wrong: Il a dit de ne pas ne manger pas.
Correto: Il m'a dit de ne pas manger.

When reporting past speech, you must shift 'hier' to 'la veille' to maintain narrative logic.

Wrong: Il a dit hier.
Correto: Il a dit la veille.

Next Steps

You are making amazing progress! Keep practicing these structures and you'll be a master storyteller in no time.

Rewrite a dialogue from a French novel into reported speech.

Continue to: Shifting Tenses in Reported Speech

Prática rápida (10)

Transforme para Discurso Indireto Livre: 'Je suis triste' vira 'Il ___ triste'.

Il ___ triste.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: était
Usamos o 'imparfait' (était) para substituir o presente no discurso indireto livre.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Estilo de monólogo interior francês (Discours indirect libre)

Preencha a lacuna com o indicador de tempo indireto correto para 'demain'.

Il a dit qu'il viendrait ________.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: le lendemain
No discurso indireto, 'demain' muda para 'le lendemain' quando o verbo que reporta está no passado.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discurso Indireto: Mudança de indicadores temporais (hier → la veille)

Encontre e corrija o erro nesta frase que relata uma conversa da semana passada.

Find and fix the mistake:

Elle a dit qu'elle était fatiguée maintenant.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elle a dit qu'elle était fatiguée à ce moment-là.
'Maintenant' deve ser mudado para 'à ce moment-là' no discurso indireto.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discurso Indireto: Mudança de indicadores temporais (hier → la veille)

Encontre e corrija o erro nesta frase. Qual é a forma correta?

Find and fix the mistake:

Maman me dit de ne fumer pas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maman me dit de ne pas fumer.
No discurso indireto, 'ne' e 'pas' ficam juntos antes do verbo no infinitivo. Eles formam um bloco só!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relatar ordens negativas (Discours indirect : impératif négatif)

Qual frase está correta?

Como você relata o comando 'Attendez !'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il nous demande d'attendre.
Ao relatar 'Attendez !', usamos 'de' (que vira d' antes de uma vogal) e o infinitivo.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relatar Ordens: 'dizer para fazer' (de + infinitif)

Qual frase relata corretamente: 'Je travaille aujourd'hui'?

Escolha a frase relatada correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a dit qu'il travaillait ce jour-là.
'Aujourd'hui' deve virar 'ce jour-là' ao relatar um evento passado.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discurso Indireto: Mudança de indicadores temporais (hier → la veille)

Preencha a lacuna

Ma mère me dit ___ mes devoirs.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: de finir
Para relatar o comando 'Finis !', usamos 'de' mais o infinitivo 'finir'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relatar Ordens: 'dizer para fazer' (de + infinitif)

Corrija o tempo verbal: 'Elle se demandait : est-elle prête ?' (Mude 'est' para a forma correta do passado para o indireto livre).

Find and fix the mistake:

Était-elle prête ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Était-elle prête ?
No indireto livre, removemos o 'se demandait' e mudamos 'est' para 'était'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Estilo de monólogo interior francês (Discours indirect libre)

Identifique a frase que usa Discurso Indireto Livre.

Qual é 'libre'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il partait enfin !
A última não tem verbo introdutório e usa o 'imparfait' com um ponto de exclamação.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Estilo de monólogo interior francês (Discours indirect libre)

Encontre e corrija o erro

Find and fix the mistake:

Le prof nous dit de ne dormir pas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le prof nous dit de ne pas dormir.
Em comandos negativos relatados, 'ne pas' deve ser colocado junto antes do infinitivo.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relatar Ordens: 'dizer para fazer' (de + infinitif)

Score: /10

Perguntas comuns (6)

Usamos para relatar um comando, pedido ou conselho que foi dado originalmente na forma imperativa. Por exemplo, se alguém diz 'Fais tes devoirs !', você pode relatar como 'Il me dit de faire mes devoirs'.
Não, ele é apenas para relatar comandos. Para relatar uma afirmação comum, você usa 'que' seguido de um verbo conjugado. Por exemplo, 'Il dit que je suis fatigué' (Ele diz que estou cansado).
A fórmula básica é: Verbo de Relato + 'de' + 'ne pas' + Infinitivo. Por exemplo, se alguém te diz para não sair, você reporta:
Il me dit de ne pas sortir.
Tecnicamente sim, mas 'ne...point' é muito literário e antiquado. No francês moderno, 'ne pas' é o que todo mundo usa no dia a dia. Você não vai ouvir Ne point manger! por aí.
Ah, os gêneros em francês! 'Lendemain' vem de 'le en demain' (historicamente) e 'veille' de 'vigilia' (feminino), que é uma palavra feminina. Pense que 'Le Lendemain' soa como um herói masculino, por exemplo!
Sim, 'le jour suivant' está super correto e é comum, principalmente na escrita. 'Le lendemain' é um pouco mais específico para 'o dia seguinte' mesmo.
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Shifting Tenses in Reported Speech
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