机器 em 30 segundos
- A general term for any mechanical device with moving parts and a power source.
- Commonly used with the measure word '台' (tái) in daily and industrial life.
- Can be used metaphorically to describe unfeeling people or complex social systems.
- Essential for discussing technology, manufacturing, and modern automation.
The term 机器 (jīqì) represents one of the most fundamental concepts in modern industrial civilization. At its core, it refers to an apparatus or device that utilizes mechanical power and consists of several interrelated parts, each performing a specific function to achieve a particular goal. In the Chinese linguistic context, '机' (jī) historically referred to the trigger of a crossbow or a loom, suggesting a mechanism that initiates action or complex movement. '器' (qì) denotes a vessel, tool, or utensil. Together, they encapsulate the transition from simple hand tools to complex automated systems.
- Etymological Root
- The character '机' implies ingenuity and internal movement, while '器' implies physical form and utility.
- Functional Scope
- It covers everything from a simple sewing machine to massive industrial turbines.
- Modern Extension
- In the digital age, it increasingly refers to the hardware aspect of computing systems.
这台机器是用来生产零件的。 (This machine is used for producing parts.)
When we discuss a 机器, we are usually emphasizing its mechanical nature. Unlike a '工具' (tool), which is often manual, a 机器 usually implies an external power source—be it electricity, steam, or internal combustion. It suggests a level of complexity where the user 'operates' (操作) rather than simply 'uses' (用) the object. This distinction is vital for learners to grasp the scale of the object being described.
工厂里到处都是轰鸣的机器。 (The factory is full of roaring machines.)
Beyond the literal mechanical definition, 机器 carries a metaphorical weight in literature and sociology. It can describe a person who acts without emotion or a system that functions with cold, calculated efficiency. For instance, a '国家机器' (state machine) refers to the various institutions and apparatuses of government power. This duality—from a physical engine to an abstract system—makes it a versatile word in the Chinese lexicon.
他工作起来像个机器，从不休息。 (He works like a machine, never resting.)
- Physicality
- Requires maintenance (维修) and fuel or power.
- Abstractness
- Represents rigid, unfeeling processes.
随着人工智能的发展，机器变得越来越聪明。 (With the development of AI, machines are becoming smarter.)
In summary, 机器 is the bridge between human intent and physical output. It is the physical manifestation of engineering logic. Whether it is the '机器' in a textile mill or the '机器' that powers a modern server farm, the word remains the primary descriptor for mechanical complexity in the Chinese language.
Using 机器 correctly involves understanding its grammatical partners and its specific measure words. In Chinese, nouns are often defined by the verbs that act upon them. For 机器, the most common verbs are 操作 (cāozuò - to operate), 维修 (wéixiū - to maintain/repair), and 运行 (yùnxíng - to run/function).
- Measure Words
- The standard measure word is 台 (tái). For larger or more formal equipment, 部 (bù) is sometimes used.
- Verb Pairing
- We say '开机器' (turn on the machine) or '关机器' (turn off the machine).
When describing the state of a machine, we use words like '故障' (gùzhàng - malfunction) or '老化' (lǎohuà - aging). For example, '机器出了故障' (The machine has a malfunction). It is important to note that while '机器' is a general term, specific types of machines often have their own names ending in '机', such as 洗衣机 (washing machine) or 打印机 (printer). However, if you are referring to the physical unit in a general sense, 机器 is the go-to word.
我们需要定期给机器加润滑油。 (We need to lubricate the machine regularly.)
In a sentence, 机器 usually functions as the subject or the object. As a subject: '机器正在高速运转' (The machine is running at high speed). As an object: '工人正在检查机器' (The worker is checking the machine). It can also be used as a modifier: '机器零件' (machine parts) or '机器翻译' (machine translation).
For advanced learners, the usage of 机器 in idiomatic or formal contexts is crucial. It often appears in discussions about the 'Industrial Revolution' (工业革命) and 'Automation' (自动化). Understanding the difference between 机器 and 机械 (machinery/mechanical) is also key; 机器 is more concrete (a specific unit), while 机械 is more abstract or refers to the field of mechanics as a whole.
You will encounter the word 机器 in a variety of environments, ranging from the mundane to the highly technical. The most common setting is the industrial or manufacturing sector. In a factory (工厂), the word is ubiquitous. Managers talk about '机器效率' (machine efficiency), and technicians discuss '机器维护' (machine maintenance).
- In the News
- Reports on manufacturing, technology, and AI frequently use '机器' to describe new inventions or economic shifts.
- In Science Fiction
- Movies and books use '机器' to describe robots or futuristic devices (e.g., 时光机器 - time machine).
In daily life, you might hear it when something breaks down. A repairman might say, '这台机器没救了' (This machine is beyond repair). In an office, though people usually name the specific device (like the printer), they might use 机器 to refer to the collective hardware: '办公室的机器都该换了' (The machines in the office all need to be replaced).
电视新闻正在报道关于机器人代替人工的消息。 (The TV news is reporting on robots replacing human labor.)
Another common place is in academic or political discourse. Scholars talk about the 'social machine' (社会机器) or the 'bureaucratic machine' (官僚机器). Here, the word conveys a sense of a large, impersonal system that operates according to fixed rules. In these contexts, 机器 sounds more formal and critical.
Finally, in the world of computing, '机器' is often shorthand for the computer itself or the server. Developers might say '在我的机器上运行正常' (It works fine on my machine), which is a classic phrase in the tech world.
Learners often struggle with the nuance between 机器 and its close relatives. The most frequent error is using 机器 when 电器 (diànqì - electrical appliance) is more appropriate. While a washing machine is a 机器, a toaster or a hair dryer is more commonly called an 电器 in a household context. 机器 usually implies something larger or more industrial.
- Confusing with 机械 (jīxiè)
- 机械 is often an adjective (mechanical) or a collective noun (machinery). You can't say '一台机械' usually; it should be '一台机器'.
- Confusing with 工具 (gōngjù)
- A hammer is a 工具, not a 机器. A 机器 must have moving parts and usually a power source.
Another mistake is the incorrect use of measure words. Beginners might use '个' (ge) for 机器. While '一个机器' is understandable, it sounds uneducated. Always use 台 (tái) for machines. It sounds much more natural and precise.
错误：我买了一个新机器。(Incorrect measure word)
正确：我买了一台新机器。
In metaphorical usage, learners sometimes over-apply the word. Calling a person a 机器 can be an insult (implying they have no soul) or a compliment (implying they are incredibly efficient). Be careful with the context. If you want to say someone is 'hardworking', use '勤奋' (qínfèn) instead, unless you specifically want to highlight their mechanical consistency.
Understanding the synonyms of 机器 helps in choosing the right level of formality and specificity. The most common related word is 设备 (shèbèi). 设备 is broader and refers to 'equipment' or 'facilities'. While all machines are equipment, not all equipment (like a desk or a simple pipe) is a machine.
- 装置 (zhuāngzhì)
- This refers to a 'device' or 'apparatus', often a component of a larger system. It sounds more technical than 机器.
- 器械 (qìxiè)
- Usually refers to 'instruments' or 'medical/sports equipment'. You hear this in hospitals (医疗器械).
- 仪器 (yíqì)
- Refers to 'precision instruments' used for measurement or scientific experiments.
Then there is 机械 (jīxiè). As mentioned, this is the more formal, collective, or academic term for machinery. In engineering contexts, you study '机械工程' (Mechanical Engineering), not '机器工程'. 机械 also carries the meaning of 'mechanical' or 'inflexible' when used as an adjective.
实验室里有很多精密的仪器。 (There are many precision instruments in the lab.)
Finally, 工具 (gōngjù) is the simplest term, meaning 'tool'. If a device is small, handheld, and has no internal power source, it is a 工具. As it gains complexity and power, it becomes a 机器. For example, a hand saw is a 工具, but a circular saw can be referred to as a 机器 or more specifically, a 电锯 (electric saw).
How Formal Is It?
Nível de dificuldade
Gramática essencial
Measure words for equipment
Using '被' for passive machine actions
Resultative complements (修好了)
Potential complements (修得好)
Using '像...一样' for similes
Exemplos por nível
这是一台机器。
This is a machine.
Uses the standard measure word '台'.
机器很大。
The machine is big.
Basic Subject + Adjective structure.
他有一台机器。
He has a machine.
Simple possession.
机器是蓝色的。
The machine is blue.
Describing color.
机器在工作。
The machine is working.
Using '在' for continuous action.
我不喜欢这台机器。
I don't like this machine.
Negative sentence.
机器坏了。
The machine is broken.
'坏了' indicates a state of being broken.
这是什么机器？
What machine is this?
Basic question form.
请关掉那台机器。
Please turn off that machine.
Imperative sentence with '关掉'.
这台机器怎么用？
How do you use this machine?
Asking for instructions using '怎么用'.
机器的声音很大。
The machine's sound is very loud.
Possessive '的' connecting machine and sound.
他在工厂里修机器。
He is repairing machines in the factory.
Action in a location.
这台机器比那台贵。
This machine is more expensive than that one.
Comparison using '比'.
机器每天都运行。
The machine runs every day.
Expressing frequency.
我们需要买新机器。
We need to buy new machines.
Expressing necessity.
这台机器是自动的。
This machine is automatic.
Describing a feature.
操作这台机器需要专业培训。
Operating this machine requires professional training.
Verb phrase as a subject.
机器的零件需要定期更换。
The machine's parts need to be replaced regularly.
Describing maintenance requirements.
由于机器故障，生产停止了。
Due to a machine malfunction, production stopped.
Expressing cause and effect.
这台机器大大提高了工作效率。
This machine has greatly improved work efficiency.
Adverb '大大' modifying the verb.
你熟悉这台机器的构造吗？
Are you familiar with the structure of this machine?
Using '熟悉' (familiar with).
机器翻译现在已经很准确了。
Machine translation is very accurate now.
Compound noun '机器翻译'.
为了安全，请不要靠近运行中的机器。
For safety, please do not go near the running machine.
Prepositional phrase '为了...'.
这台机器是由电力驱动的。
This machine is driven by electricity.
Passive-like structure '由...驱动'.
工业革命标志着机器时代的到来。
The Industrial Revolution marked the arrival of the machine age.
Formal historical context.
机器正在逐渐取代重复性的体力劳动。
Machines are gradually replacing repetitive manual labor.
Using '逐渐' (gradually) and '取代' (replace).
他整天像机器一样不停地工作。
He works non-stop all day like a machine.
Simile using '像...一样'.
这台机器的设计非常人性化。
The design of this machine is very user-friendly.
Using the term '人性化' (humanized/user-friendly).
我们必须考虑机器对环境的影响。
We must consider the impact of machines on the environment.
Abstract noun '影响' (impact).
机器的智能化是未来的趋势。
The intelligence of machines is the trend of the future.
Abstract concept '智能化'.
这台机器的性能优于同类产品。
The performance of this machine is superior to similar products.
Formal comparison using '优于'.
由于缺乏维护，机器提前报废了。
Due to lack of maintenance, the machine was scrapped prematurely.
Technical term '报废' (scrapped/discarded).
官僚机器的僵化阻碍了社会的进步。
The rigidity of the bureaucratic machine hindered social progress.
Metaphorical use in political science.
这种精密机器对工作环境的要求极高。
This precision machine has extremely high requirements for the working environment.
Formal academic phrasing.
我们要警惕技术异化，不要沦为机器的奴隶。
We must be wary of technological alienation and not become slaves to machines.
Philosophical and critical tone.
该系统的核心是一个复杂的算法机器。
The core of the system is a complex algorithmic machine.
Abstract technical usage.
法律被视为维护社会秩序的机器。
Law is seen as a machine for maintaining social order.
Metaphorical sociological context.
机器的自我修复能力是该研究的重点。
The self-repair capability of machines is the focus of this research.
Scientific research context.
他以机器般的精准完成了这项任务。
He completed the task with machine-like precision.
Adjectival phrase '机器般的'.
这些旧机器见证了这座城市的工业兴衰。
These old machines witnessed the industrial rise and fall of this city.
Literary personification.
在拉美特利的哲学中，人被视为一台复杂的机器。
In La Mettrie's philosophy, man is viewed as a complex machine.
Historical philosophical reference.
战争机器一旦发动，就很难停下来。
Once the war machine is set in motion, it is hard to stop.
Political metaphor '战争机器'.
这种叙事技巧如同一台严丝合缝的机器。
This narrative technique is like a perfectly fitted machine.
Literary criticism.
我们必须审视机器逻辑对人类情感的侵蚀。
We must examine the erosion of human emotions by machine logic.
High-level social critique.
资本主义被描述为一台不断扩张的生产机器。
Capitalism is described as a constantly expanding production machine.
Economic theory terminology.
他的作品探讨了人与机器之间模糊的边界。
His work explores the blurred boundaries between humans and machines.
Artistic/Philosophical analysis.
该政策的实施依赖于庞大的行政机器。
The implementation of the policy depends on a massive administrative machine.
Formal governance context.
宇宙被看作是一台遵循物理定律运行的宏大机器。
The universe is seen as a grand machine operating according to physical laws.
Cosmological metaphor.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
Frequentemente confundido com
Mechanical vs Machine (concrete).
Electrical appliance vs Machine (general/industrial).
Simple tool vs Complex machine.
Expressões idiomáticas
Fácil de confundir
Padrões de frases
Como usar
Can be neutral or negative (unfeeling).
Common in political and social contexts.
- Using '个' instead of '台'.
- Calling a small electronic gadget a '机器' instead of '电子产品'.
- Confusing '机器' with '机械' in academic writing.
- Using '机器' to mean 'opportunity' (that's just '机' in '机会').
- Forgetting the second tone in 'qì' is actually a fourth tone.
Dicas
Measure Word
Always pair 机器 with 台 (tái). It makes your Chinese sound much more authentic and professional.
Specific Names
While 机器 is general, try to learn specific names like 洗衣机 or 打印机 for daily objects.
Abstract Meaning
Don't be surprised to hear 机器 in political news; it refers to the system's function.
Verbs
Common verbs include 操作 (operate), 维修 (repair), and 运行 (run).
Modernization
Understand that machines represent progress in the Chinese cultural narrative of the last century.
Tones
Be careful with the falling tone on 'qì'. If said incorrectly, it might be misunderstood.
Compounds
Many technical terms start with 机器, like 机器语言 (machine language).
Context
In a factory, 机器 usually refers to the production line equipment.
Equipment
Use 设备 (shèbèi) if you are talking about a set of machines or facilities.
Don't Overuse
Don't call a simple spoon or knife a 机器; those are 工具 (tools).
Memorize
Origem da palavra
Contexto cultural
Machines are often seen as symbols of national strength.
In literature, being called a machine implies a lack of 'renqing' (human touch).
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Iniciadores de conversa
"你觉得机器会取代人类吗？"
"你家里最常用的机器是什么？"
"这台机器怎么操作？"
"你对机器学习感兴趣吗？"
"如果机器坏了，你会自己修吗？"
Temas para diário
描述一台你每天都会用到的机器。
想象一个没有机器的世界会是什么样子。
讨论人工智能和机器对未来的影响。
你认为机器有感情吗？为什么？
写一段关于工厂里机器轰鸣的文字。
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasYes, but it is more specifically called a 电脑. However, in technical contexts, it is often referred to as a 机器.
It is grammatically possible but sounds less natural than '台'.
机器 is a specific unit; 机械 is a collective noun or an adjective meaning mechanical.
Yes, a robot is a 机器人 (machine person).
It is 机器学习 (jīqì xuéxí).
Yes, metaphorically, to describe someone who is very efficient or lacks emotion.
国家机器 (guójiā jīqì), referring to government institutions.
A car is a 汽车, but its engine is a 机器.
机器正在运行 (jīqì zhèngzài yùnxíng).
Yes, it is a fundamental word for beginners.
Teste-se 180 perguntas
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word '机器' (jīqì) is the standard Chinese term for 'machine,' bridging the gap between simple tools and complex industrial systems. It is versatile, appearing in everyday contexts like 'washing machines' and abstract ones like 'state machines.'
- A general term for any mechanical device with moving parts and a power source.
- Commonly used with the measure word '台' (tái) in daily and industrial life.
- Can be used metaphorically to describe unfeeling people or complex social systems.
- Essential for discussing technology, manufacturing, and modern automation.
Measure Word
Always pair 机器 with 台 (tái). It makes your Chinese sound much more authentic and professional.
Specific Names
While 机器 is general, try to learn specific names like 洗衣机 or 打印机 for daily objects.
Abstract Meaning
Don't be surprised to hear 机器 in political news; it refers to the system's function.
Verbs
Common verbs include 操作 (operate), 维修 (repair), and 运行 (run).
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