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مَرِيض

A2 adjective #1,800 最常用 8分钟阅读

مَرِيض

mareed 前1,800

At the A1 level, 'mariid' is one of the first adjectives you learn to describe yourself or others. You use it in very simple sentences like 'I am sick' (Ana mariid) or 'He is sick' (Huwa mariid). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar, just the basic masculine and feminine forms. You will mostly use it to explain why you can't come to class or why you are going to the doctor. It's a 'survival' word that helps you communicate basic physical needs. You might also learn the word for hospital (mustashfa) alongside it. Focus on the 'm-r-d' sound and remember that the 'd' at the end is a heavy sound. If you are a woman, always say 'Ana mariida'. This level is about basic identification of health status.

At the A2 level, you begin to expand your use of 'mariid' by adding simple reasons or symptoms. You might say 'I am sick because I have a cold' (Ana mariid li'anani masnoom). You also start using the definite article 'al-' correctly, distinguishing between 'a sick person' (shakhs mariid) and 'the sick person' (al-shakhs al-mariid). You will learn to use 'mariid' with 'kaana' (was) to talk about the past: 'I was sick yesterday' (Kuntu mariidan ams). Notice how the ending changes to 'an' in the past tense—this is an important A2 grammar point. You also start to recognize the word in public signs and simple medical forms.

By B1, you can use 'mariid' in more complex social situations. You understand the cultural importance of visiting the sick ('iyadat al-mariid) and can use the word in sentences describing social obligations. You also learn the broken plural 'mardaa' and can talk about groups of people. You might discuss healthcare in general, using 'mariid' to refer to patients in a hospital setting. You are comfortable with the agreement of the adjective in more complex sentences, such as 'The sick students didn't attend the lecture'. You also start to encounter 'mariid' in news headlines about public health or seasonal illnesses.

At the B2 level, you use 'mariid' in metaphorical and abstract contexts. You might read an article about a 'sick economy' or a 'sick society' and understand that the word implies dysfunction rather than biological illness. You can participate in debates about healthcare systems, using 'mariid' and its derivatives (like 'mumarid' for nurse or 'tamreed' for nursing) fluently. You understand the nuances between 'mariid' and its synonyms like 'ta'baan' in different dialects. Your grammar is precise, and you correctly handle the 'i'rab' (case endings) of 'mariid' in formal speech, whether it's nominative, accusative, or genitive.

At the C1 level, you appreciate the literary and historical depth of 'mariid'. You encounter it in classical poetry and religious texts where it might have spiritual connotations, such as 'sickness of the heart' (marad al-qalb) referring to hypocrisy or doubt. You can distinguish between 'mariid', 'saqeem', and 'aleel' in literature, choosing the word that fits the specific tone of your writing. You are also familiar with medical terminology where 'mariid' might be part of compound terms. You can discuss the history of Islamic medicine and the role of the 'bimaristan' (hospital) in treating 'al-mardaa'. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker in formal contexts.

At the C2 level, 'mariid' is a tool for philosophical and highly nuanced expression. You can use it to critique complex social structures or psychological states with precision. You understand the etymological roots and how they have branched into various technical fields. You can interpret the use of 'mariid' in the most complex classical texts, such as the works of Al-Ghazali or Ibn Sina, where the 'sickness' of the soul is a central theme. You are also aware of the most obscure idioms and proverbs involving the word. Your mastery allows you to use the word with irony, sarcasm, or deep empathy, depending on the sophisticated needs of your communication.

开始练习例句笔记与提示

مَرِيض 30秒了解

Mariid means sick or ill in Arabic, used for physical and mental health conditions across all levels of formality.
It is an adjective that must agree in gender (mariida) and number (mardaa) with the person it describes.
Culturally, being 'mariid' involves specific social customs like visiting and offering prayers for recovery.
It can be used metaphorically to describe failing systems, 'sick' hearts, or flawed logic in advanced contexts.

The Arabic word مَرِيض (mariid) is a foundational adjective derived from the trilateral root م-ر-ض (m-r-d), which primarily pertains to illness, disease, or a state of being unwell. In its most literal sense, it describes a person or living being suffering from a physical or mental ailment. However, the depth of this word extends beyond simple physical symptoms; it encompasses a state of vulnerability and the need for care, which is deeply embedded in the social fabric of Arabic-speaking cultures.

Grammatical Nature: It is an adjective (Sifa) that follows the 'fa'eel' pattern, which often denotes a semi-permanent or significant state. It changes based on gender and number: 'mariida' for feminine, and 'mardaa' for the broken plural.

الرجل مَرِيض جداً اليوم ولا يستطيع العمل.

The man is very sick today and cannot work.

In a broader context, 'mariid' can also be used metaphorically. One might describe a 'sick heart' (qalb mariid) to denote spiritual or moral corruption, or a 'sick economy' (iqtisad mariid) to describe financial instability. This versatility makes it a crucial word for learners to master, as it appears in medical, social, and literary contexts. Understanding 'mariid' requires recognizing its role not just as a descriptor of health, but as a catalyst for specific social behaviors, such as 'iyadah' (visiting the sick), which is a highly regarded virtue in Arab society.

Semantic Range: While 'mariid' is the standard term for 'sick', it covers everything from a minor cold to chronic conditions. It is the noun of the patient in a hospital setting.

هذا المستشفى يعالج آلاف المرضى يومياً.

This hospital treats thousands of patients daily.

The root M-R-D also gives us 'marad' (disease/illness), 'mumarid' (nurse - male), and 'mumarida' (nurse - female). This cluster of words forms the backbone of medical vocabulary. When you say someone is 'mariid', you are often inviting a prayer for their recovery, such as 'Allah yashfeek' (May God heal you). This linguistic connection between health and spirituality is a hallmark of the Arabic language.

Pluralization: The plural 'mardaa' (مرضى) is a broken plural, which is common for adjectives describing physical or mental states. It is used for both groups of men and mixed groups.

دعونا نزور المريض في بيته.

Let us visit the sick person in his house.

Using مَرِيض correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective and its agreement with the noun it describes. In Arabic, adjectives follow the noun and must match it in gender, number, and definiteness. For example, 'a sick boy' is 'walad mariid', while 'the sick boy' is 'al-walad al-mariid'. If you are describing a female, you must add the 'ta marbuta' at the end: 'bint mariida'.

Gender Agreement: Masculine: Huwa mariid (He is sick). Feminine: Hiya mariida (She is sick).

أختي مَرِيضة بالزكام.

My sister is sick with a cold.

When used as a predicate (the 'is' part of a sentence), 'mariid' does not take the definite article 'al-'. For instance, 'The student is sick' is 'al-talib mariid'. However, when used as an attributive adjective (the 'sick student'), it must match: 'al-talib al-mariid'. This distinction is vital for clear communication. Furthermore, when referring to 'the patient' as a noun, 'al-mariid' is used directly.

Plural Usage: The plural 'mardaa' is used for people. If you are describing non-human plural nouns (like 'sick animals'), you use the feminine singular 'mariida'.

هؤلاء مَرْضَى يحتاجون إلى عناية.

These are patients who need care.

In professional settings, such as a clinic, 'mariid' is the standard term. However, in very formal medical reports, you might see 'al-haala' (the case) used to refer to the patient's condition. For learners, sticking to 'mariid' is safe and universally understood across all Arabic dialects, from Morocco to Iraq, though the pronunciation of the 'dhad' (ض) might vary slightly.

Intensifiers: To say someone is 'very sick', use 'mariid jiddan' or 'mariid lil-ghaya'.

كان مَرِيضاً لدرجة أنه لم ينم.

He was so sick that he didn't sleep.

The word مَرِيض is ubiquitous in Arabic life. You will encounter it in four primary spheres: medical environments, social interactions, religious texts/sermons, and news media. In a hospital (mustashfa) or clinic ('iyada), it is the primary way to refer to anyone seeking medical attention. Signs might read 'qism al-mardaa' (patients' department).

In the Hospital: Doctors use it to identify patients: 'Man al-mariid al-taali?' (Who is the next patient?).

الطبيب يفحص المريض بعناية.

The doctor examines the patient carefully.

Socially, 'mariid' is used to explain absences. If a colleague is missing, someone might say 'Huwa mariid' (He is sick). This usually prompts a series of polite responses and prayers for health. In literature and news, 'mariid' is used to describe the 'sick man of Europe' (rajul urubba al-mariid) - a historical term for the Ottoman Empire - or to describe failing institutions.

Religious Context: In the Quran and Hadith, 'mariid' is mentioned regarding exemptions from fasting or prayer. 'Fa man kana minkum mariidan...' (And whoever among you is sick...).

ليس على المريض حرج في الإفطار.

There is no blame on the sick person for breaking the fast.

Furthermore, in the world of psychology and mental health, which is a growing field in the Arab world, 'mariid nafsi' (psychological patient) is the term used for someone with mental health struggles. While there is still some stigma, the term is the standard clinical designation. You will also hear it in soap operas (musalsalat) where dramatic illnesses are a common plot device.

Public Announcements: In airports or malls, if someone faints, you might hear 'Hal hunaka tabeeb? Hunaka shakhs mariid!' (Is there a doctor? There is a sick person!).

زار الرئيس المرضى في المستشفى العسكري.

The president visited the patients in the military hospital.

Learners often stumble when using مَرِيض due to its plural form, its confusion with the noun 'marad', and its grammatical agreement. The most frequent error is using a regular sound plural like 'mariidoon' instead of the correct broken plural 'mardaa'. Arabic adjectives for human conditions often use broken plurals, and 'mariid' is a prime example.

Confusing Adjective and Noun: Don't say 'Ana marad' (I am disease). Say 'Ana mariid' (I am sick). 'Marad' is the noun (illness), 'mariid' is the adjective (sick).

خطأ: هو مرض / صح: هو مَرِيض.

Wrong: He is disease / Right: He is sick.

Another common mistake is failing to change the adjective for feminine subjects. Because 'mariid' ends in a consonant, English speakers often forget to add the 'a' sound (ta marbuta) for women. 'Laila mariid' is grammatically incorrect; it must be 'Laila mariida'. Additionally, when describing a group of women, you can use 'mariidat' (the sound feminine plural), though 'mardaa' is also acceptable for mixed or general groups.

Word Order: Remember: 'The sick man' is 'al-rajul al-mariid'. If you say 'al-mariid al-rajul', it is nonsensical in Arabic.

الطفلة المَرِيضة نائمة الآن.

The sick girl is sleeping now.

Lastly, be careful with the word 'ta'baan'. While in many dialects it means 'sick', in formal Arabic (MSA), it strictly means 'tired' or 'exhausted'. If you are taking an exam or writing a formal letter, use 'mariid' to ensure you are describing a health condition rather than just a lack of sleep.

Pronunciation of 'Dhad': The final letter 'ض' is unique to Arabic. Don't pronounce it like a 'd'. It is a heavy, emphatic sound made with the side of the tongue.

هم مَرْضَى منذ أسبوع.

They have been sick for a week.

Arabic is a language of nuances, and while مَرِيض is the general term for 'sick', several other words describe specific types or intensities of illness. Understanding these can elevate your Arabic from basic to advanced. For example, 'aleel' (عليل) often refers to someone chronically ill or weak, but it is also used poetically to describe a soft, 'sickly' sweet breeze.

Mariid vs. Saqeem: 'Mariid' is general. 'Saqeem' (سقيم) is more formal and often implies a deeper, more lingering, or even terminal illness. It is frequently used in classical literature.

قلبه سقيم من الحزن.

His heart is sick (ailing) from sadness.

Another word is 'waaji'' (واجع), which comes from 'waja'' (pain). While 'mariid' describes the state of illness, 'waaji'' or 'mouji'' describes the presence of pain. In dialects, 'ta'baan' (تعبان) is the most common synonym for 'mariid', though its literal meaning is 'tired'. In North Africa, you might hear 'mureed' or 'mreed' (dialectal variation of mariid).

Mariid vs. Ta'baan: In MSA: Mariid = Sick, Ta'baan = Tired. In Dialect: Both can mean Sick.

أشعر أنني تعبان قليلاً (Dialectal usage for sick).

I feel a bit sick/tired.

There is also 'ma'lool' (معلول), which in legal or logical contexts means 'defective' or 'flawed', but in older medical texts refers to someone afflicted with a specific 'illa' (ailment). For mental illness, 'majnoon' (insane) was historically used, but modern Arabic prefers 'mariid nafsi' (psychologically sick) or 'mu'aqly' (mentally challenged) to be more respectful and accurate.

Summary Table: Mariid: General sick. Aleel: Weak/Chronic. Saqeem: Deeply ailing. Ta'baan: Tired/Sick (dialect).

الجسم العليل يحتاج راحة طويلة.

The weak/ailing body needs a long rest.

How Formal Is It?

正式

非正式

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

أنا مريض.

I am sick.

Masculine form.

هي مريضة.

She is sick.

Feminine form with ta marbuta.

هل أنت مريض؟

Are you sick?

Question format.

الولد مريض.

The boy is sick.

Subject-predicate agreement.

أمي مريضة اليوم.

My mother is sick today.

Possessive + adjective.

أنا لست مريضاً.

I am not sick.

Negation with 'laysa'.

قطي مريض.

My cat is sick.

Used for animals.

أخي مريض جداً.

My brother is very sick.

Use of 'jiddan' for emphasis.

ذهب المريض إلى المستشفى.

The patient went to the hospital.

Used as a noun (the patient).

كنت مريضاً أمس.

I was sick yesterday.

Past tense with 'kana' (accusative case).

البنت المريضة نائمة.

The sick girl is sleeping.

Attributive adjective (matching 'al-').

هو مريض بالزكام.

He is sick with a cold.

Preposition 'bi-' for the illness.

لماذا أنت مريض؟

Why are you sick?

Interrogative 'limadha'.

أحتاج دواء لأنني مريض.

I need medicine because I am sick.

Subordinating conjunction 'li'anna'.

المريض يحتاج إلى راحة.

The patient needs rest.

Verb 'yahtaj' + 'ila'.

صديقي مريض في البيت.

My friend is sick at home.

Locative preposition 'fee'.

يجب أن نزور المريض في المستشفى.

We must visit the patient in the hospital.

Modal 'yajibu' + 'an'.

هناك العديد من المرضى في غرفة الانتظار.

There are many patients in the waiting room.

Broken plural 'mardaa'.

المريض الذي رأيته كان متعباً.

The patient I saw was tired.

Relative clause with 'alladhi'.

أصبح أخي مريضاً بعد الرحلة.

My brother became sick after the trip.

Verb 'asbaha' (became).

هل المريض يتحسن الآن؟

Is the patient improving now?

Present continuous sense.

كل مريض له حق في العلاج.

Every patient has a right to treatment.

Indefinite 'kull' + singular noun.

كانت المريضة تعاني من ألم في الرأس.

The (female) patient was suffering from a headache.

Feminine past continuous.

لا تترك المريض وحده.

Don't leave the patient alone.

Prohibitive 'la'.

يعاني المجتمع من فكر مريض.

Society suffers from a sick ideology.

Metaphorical usage.

تم نقل المرضى إلى قسم الطوارئ.

The patients were transferred to the emergency department.

Passive voice 'tumma naql'.

هذا الاقتصاد مريض ويحتاج إلى إصلاح.

This economy is sick and needs reform.

Metaphorical usage for systems.

رغم أنه مريض، إلا أنه حضر الاجتماع.

Despite being sick, he attended the meeting.

Concession 'raghma... illa'.

يتم فحص المرضى بشكل دوري.

Patients are examined periodically.

Adverbial phrase 'bi-shakl dawri'.

كان المريض يشكو من ضيق في التنفس.

The patient was complaining of shortness of breath.

Verb 'yashku' + 'min'.

لا يمكننا تجاهل احتياجات المرضى النفسيين.

We cannot ignore the needs of mental health patients.

Compound adjective 'mardaa nafsiyyeen'.

إن المريض بحاجة ماسة إلى عملية جراحية.

The patient is in dire need of surgery.

Emphasis with 'Inna'.

وصف الشاعر قلبه بأنه مريض بحبها.

The poet described his heart as sick with her love.

Literary/Metaphorical usage.

تتطلب حالة المريض تدخلاً طبياً عاجلاً.

The patient's condition requires urgent medical intervention.

Formal medical register.

يعتبر هذا النقد نتاج عقل مريض بالحقد.

This criticism is considered the product of a mind sick with malice.

Abstract psychological usage.

لقد بات المريض في حالة حرجة للغاية.

The patient has come to be in an extremely critical condition.

Verb 'baata' (to become/stay).

يجب مراعاة الحالة النفسية للمريض العضال.

The psychological state of the terminally ill patient must be considered.

Complex noun phrase.

إن تشخيص المريض كان خاطئاً منذ البداية.

The patient's diagnosis was wrong from the beginning.

Noun 'tashkhees' (diagnosis).

أضحى المريض يتماثل للشفاء ببطء.

The patient began to recover slowly.

Verb 'adh-ha' + 'yatamaathal'.

لا ينبغي للمريض أن يجهد نفسه.

The patient should not overexert himself.

Formal advice 'la yanbaghi'.

في الفلسفة الوجودية، قد يوصف الإنسان بأنه كائن مريض بالوعي.

In existential philosophy, man may be described as a being sick with consciousness.

Philosophical abstraction.

استفاض الكاتب في وصف المجتمع المريض بتبعات الاستعمار.

The writer elaborated on describing the society sick with the consequences of colonialism.

Socio-political register.

تتجلى أعراض النظام المريض في فساد مؤسساته.

The symptoms of a sick system are manifested in the corruption of its institutions.

Advanced metaphorical usage.

كانت رؤيته للعالم مريضة بالسوداوية واليأس.

His vision of the world was sick with melancholy and despair.

Psychological/Literary.

إن عيادة المريض ليست مجرد واجب بل هي طقس إنساني عميق.

Visiting the sick is not just a duty but a deep human ritual.

Cultural/Philosophical.

أصبح من الصعب التمييز بين المريض والمتظاهر بالمرض.

It has become difficult to distinguish between the sick and the malingerer.

Complex comparison.

تنم كلماتك عن قلب مريض لا يعرف التسامح.

Your words reveal a sick heart that knows no tolerance.

Moral/Ethical usage.

لقد غدا المريض رهينة لبيروقراطية المستشفيات.

The patient has become a hostage to hospital bureaucracy.

Metaphorical/Critical.

常见搭配

مريض جداً (Very sick)

مريض نفسي (Mental patient)

حالة المريض (Patient's condition)

عيادة المريض (Visiting the sick)

مريض بالسكري (Diabetic patient)

قلب مريض (Sick heart)

مريض مزمن (Chronically ill)

فحص المريض (Examining the patient)

حقوق المريض (Patient rights)

مريض طريح الفراش (Bedridden patient)

常用短语

أنا مريض (I am sick)

سلامتك (Get well soon)

الله يشفيك (May God heal you)

المريض في غيبوبة (The patient is in a coma)

زيارة المريض واجبة (Visiting the sick is mandatory)

أصبح مريضاً (He became sick)

ما زال مريضاً (He is still sick)

مريض منذ الصغر (Sick since childhood)

لا بأس، طهور إن شاء الله (No harm, it's a purification, God willing)

المريض تحت المراقبة (The patient is under observation)

容易混淆的词

مَرِيض vs مرض (Marad)

Marad is the noun (illness), Mariid is the adjective (sick).

مَرِيض vs ممرض (Mumarid)

Mumarid is the person who treats (nurse), Mariid is the person being treated (patient).

مَرِيض vs تمارض (Tamarrada)

This is the verb for faking an illness.

习语与表达

容易混淆

مَرِيض vs

句型

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

dialectal variation

In Levantine, 'mureed' is common. In Egyptian, 'aya'an' is a very frequent alternative.

metaphorical limits

Don't use 'mariid' for broken objects; use 'kharban' or 'maksour'.

常见错误

Using 'mariidoon' instead of 'mardaa' for the plural.
Saying 'Ana marad' instead of 'Ana mariid'.
Forgetting the ta marbuta for feminine subjects (e.g., 'Hiya mariid').
Using 'fee' instead of 'bi-' for the illness (e.g., 'mariid fee al-zukam').
Pronouncing the 'Dhad' as a light 'd' sound.

小贴士

Agreement

Always match the gender. If you're talking about a girl, use 'mariida'. If a boy, 'mariid'. It's a simple but common mistake for beginners.

Visiting

If you hear someone is 'mariid', it's a social cue to ask how they are or visit them. It's a key part of building relationships in the Arab world.

Root Power

Learn the root M-R-D. Once you know it, words like 'marad' (illness) and 'mumarid' (nurse) become much easier to remember.

The Dhad

Practice the 'Dhad' sound in 'mariid'. It's produced by touching the side of your tongue to your upper molars. It makes you sound much more authentic.

Past Tense

When using 'mariid' with 'kana', remember it takes the accusative case (mariidan). This is a common test question in Arabic exams.

Tired or Sick?

In Egypt or Lebanon, if someone says 'Ana ta'baan', they probably mean they are sick. In formal Arabic, they just mean they are tired. Context is king!

Response

When someone tells you they are sick, immediately say 'Salamtak' (m) or 'Salamtik' (f). It's the most natural and kind response.

Plural Recognition

Train your ear to recognize 'mardaa'. It sounds quite different from 'mariid', but it's the same word in plural form.

Abstract Use

Don't be afraid to use 'mariid' for abstract things like 'ideas' or 'hearts' in advanced writing. It adds a literary flair to your Arabic.

Emergency

In an emergency, shouting 'Hunaka mariid!' (There is a sick person!) will get immediate attention in any Arabic-speaking country.

记住它

词源

Semitic root M-R-D.

文化背景

Always bring a small gift (flowers or sweets) when visiting a mariid.

It is considered rude to stay too long when visiting a sick person; keep it short and supportive.

The Prophet Muhammad emphasized the rewards of visiting the sick.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"هل أنت مريض؟ (Are you sick?)"

"من هو المريض في عائلتك؟ (Who is the sick person in your family?)"

"كيف حال المريض اليوم؟ (How is the patient today?)"

"هل زرت المريض في المستشفى؟ (Did you visit the patient in the hospital?)"

"ماذا تفعل عندما تكون مريضاً؟ (What do you do when you are sick?)"

日记主题

Write about a time you were very sick.

Describe the last time you visited a patient.

What are the rights of a 'mariid' in your opinion?

How does your culture treat a sick person differently from others?

Write a letter to a 'mariid' friend wishing them recovery.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, 'mariid' is used for any living being that is sick, including pets and livestock. For example, 'al-qit mariid' (the cat is sick).

The most common plural is 'mardaa' (مرضى), which is a broken plural used for humans. For non-human plurals, use 'mariida'.

You can say 'bad'atu amrad' (I started to get sick) or 'ash'ur anani sa-amrad' (I feel like I will get sick).

Yes, it is the standard, polite term. In some cases, people use 'ta'baan' to be less direct, but 'mariid' is never offensive.

A 'qalb mariid' usually refers to someone who is spiritually unwell, often meaning they are hypocritical, jealous, or full of doubt.

Use 'kana' (was). For example: 'Kuntu mariidan' (I was sick). Note the 'an' ending on 'mariidan' because it is the predicate of 'kana'.

Yes, in a medical context, 'al-mariid' is the standard word for 'the patient'.

Mariid is common and general. Saqeem is literary, formal, and often implies a more serious or chronic condition.

It is called 'ijaza mardiyya' (إجازة مرضية).

Only metaphorically. You can say a 'sick economy', but you wouldn't say a 'sick car' unless you are being poetic/humorous.