Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'jitnā' (as much) and 'utnā' (that much) to compare quantities or degrees in a single, balanced sentence.
- Start with 'jitnā' to set the scope: Jitnā khānā hai, utnā lo (Take as much food as you want).
- Match the gender/number: Jitnī (fem) kitābēn, utnī (fem) pens (As many books, as many pens).
- The 'jitnā' clause usually comes first, followed by the 'utnā' clause.
Overview
jitnā (जितना) 和 utnā (उतना)。这两个词就像一段完美同步的 TikTok 舞蹈，缺一不可。它们能帮你比较数量、设定限制和描述比例。无论你是在萨罗吉尼纳加尔市场讨价还价，还是告诉朋友你能吃多辣，这条规则都是你的最佳搭档。它就像语法界的“买一送一”。一旦你学会了 जितना 的用法， उतना 也会遵循同样的逻辑。让我们确保你的印地语听起来像宝莱坞歌手一样流利。Word Order Rules
jitnā 部分通常先出现以设定条件， utnā 部分紧随其后以提供结果或重点。- 第 1 步： 以关系词
जितना(jitnā) 及其修饰的名词开始。 - 第 2 步： 为第一部分添加动词或动作。
- 第 3 步： 使用逗号（或在说话时停顿一下）。
- 第 4 步： 以对应词
उतना(utnā) 开始第二个分句。 - 第 5 步： 完成句子的其余部分。
जितना （数量 A）... उतना （数量 B）。在发短信时，如果意思很明显，你可能会看到人们省去 उतना，但在考试和正式聊天中，请务必保留两者！这就像穿成对的袜子——你不是*非得*这么做，但看起来会好得多。How This Grammar Works
as much as 或 the more... the more。印地语使用 'J' 和 'T/U' 系统。几乎印地语中所有的关系概念都以 'J' 开头（如
jo, jab, jahān），而它的搭档则以 'T' 或 'U' 开头（如 voh, tab, vahān）。对于数量，我们有 जितना (jitnā) 和 उतना (utnā)。这些词是形容词，这意味着它们完全是变色龙。它们会根据所谈论名词的性别和数量改变词尾。如果你谈论的是 pānī（水，阳性），那就是 जितना。如果你谈论的是 shakkar（糖，阴性），那就是 जितनी。如果你谈论的是 paise（钱，阳性复数），那就是 जितने。这就像时尚协调员——一切都必须匹配！如果你搞错了性别，人们仍然能听懂，但你听起来会有点像出故障的 AI。谁也不想成为印地语学习者的“恐怖谷”吧。
Formation Pattern
मेहनत - 努力，阴性）。
mehnat 是阴性，所以 जितना 变成 जितनी (jitnī)。
जितनी मेहनत करोगे（你越努力）。
उतनी (utnī)。
उतनी सफलता मिलेगी（就能获得那么多的成功）。
जितनी मेहनत करोगे, उतनी सफलता मिलेगी।（越努力，越成功）。
उतनी ही 表示“同样的数量”。
Pattern Variations
जितना 之后加上 भी (bhī)，表示“无论多少”。- 强调：
जितना भी खाऊं, भूख लगती है（无论我吃多少，还是觉得饿）。自助餐时我们都有这种感觉，对吧？ - 比较： 你可以用它们来比较两件不同的事物。
जितना बड़ा घर, उतना ज़्यादा किराया（房子越大，租金越高）。 - 副词用法： 有时它们描述的是动作而不是名词。
जितना तुम हंसते हो...（像你笑得那么多……）。在这种情况下，除非暗示了特定名词，否则使用默认的阳性单数जितना。 - 快捷方式： 在日常 WhatsApp 聊天中，你可能会看到：
जितना चाहिए ले लो（想要多少拿多少）。在这里，उतना被隐含并省略了。
Real Conversations
Rahul
भाई, बिरयानी में कितनी मिर्ची डालूं?（哥们，比尔亚尼菜里放多少辣椒？）Sameer
जितनी तुम सह सको, उतनी ही डालना!（你能承受多少放多少！）Anjali
क्या मैं और फोटो खींचूं?（还要再拍些照片吗？）Sneha
जितनी फोटो खींचोगी, उतनी मेमोरी भर जाएगी।（拍得越多，内存占得越多。）Client
काम कब तक खत्म होगा?（工作什么时候能完成？）Freelancer
जितनी जल्दी आप पैसे देंगे, उतनी जल्दी काम होगा。（你付钱越快，工作完成越快。）
Common Mistakes
- 性别不匹配： 对
chai或roti等阴性名词使用जितना。应该是जितनी चाय。 - 缺少对应词： 只说
जितना तुम चाहो就停下来。这感觉就像网飞剧集的悬念结尾。用उतना ले लो（拿走那些）来完成想法。 - 混淆数量和质量： 当你想表达“如何（kaisā）”时使用了
जितना。जितना是用于“多少”。 - 复数错误： 忘记为
लोग（人）等阳性复数名词改为जितने。
Quick FAQ
जितना 总是需要 उतना 吗？
正式写作中需要，口语中如果意思明确可以省略。
它能用于人吗？
可以，对人使用 जितने。
我能用否定动词吗？
当然！ जितना तुम नहीं जानते...（像你不知道的那么多……）。
怎么说“尽可能多”？
使用 जितना हो सके उतना。
Agreement Table
| Gender/Number | Jitnā Form | Utnā Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Masc. Sing.
|
Jitnā
|
Utnā
|
Jitnā pānī
|
|
Masc. Plural
|
Jitne
|
Utne
|
Jitne log
|
|
Fem. Sing.
|
Jitnī
|
Utnī
|
Jitnī chāy
|
|
Fem. Plural
|
Jitnī
|
Utnī
|
Jitnī kitābēn
|
Meanings
This construction expresses a direct correlation between two quantities or degrees. It functions as a correlative pair where the first part establishes the amount and the second part defines the result or equivalent amount.
Quantity Comparison
Comparing physical amounts of items.
“Jitnā doodh chahiye, utnā lo.”
“Jitnī chini hai, utnī dalo.”
Degree/Effort Correlation
Comparing abstract effort or intensity.
“Jitnā padhoge, utnā seekhoge.”
“Jitnā jaldi aaoge, utnā achha hai.”
Reference Table
| 性别/数量 | 关系形式 (J-) | 对应形式 (U/T-) | 常见例子 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
阳性单数
|
जितना (jitnā)
|
उतना (utnā)
|
水 (Pani), 时间 (Samay)
|
|
阴性单数
|
जितनी (jitnī)
|
उतनी (utnī)
|
茶 (Chay), 成功 (Saphalta)
|
|
阳性复数
|
जितने (jitne)
|
उतने (utne)
|
钱 (Paise), 人 (Log)
|
|
阴性复数
|
जितनी (jitnī)
|
उतनी (utnī)
|
书 (Kitaben), 照片 (Photos)
|
正式程度
Jitnā āvashyak ho, utnā lijiye. (Ordering food)
Jitnā chahiye, utnā lijiye. (Ordering food)
Jitnā chahiye, utnā lo. (Ordering food)
Jitnā chahiye, utnā utha lo. (Ordering food)
J-T 数量连接图
阳性 (单数)
- जितना पानी 多少水
阴性
- जितनी चीनी 多少糖
阳性 (复数)
- जितने पैसे 多少钱
名词一致性规则
该用哪种 'J'？
名词是阴性吗？
名词是复数吗？
现代使用场景
购物
- • जितनी छूट
- • उतने कपड़े
社交媒体
- • जितने व्यूज़
- • उतने सब्सक्राइबर्स
工作
- • जितनी मीटिंग्स
- • उतना सिरदर्द
按水平分级的例句
Jitnā chahiye, utnā lo.
Take as much as you want.
Jitnā pānī, utnā achha.
As much water, that much good.
Jitnā paisa, utnā kaam.
As much money, that much work.
Jitnā bolo, utnā suno.
Speak as much as you listen.
Jitnī chāy chahiye, utnī banao.
Make as much tea as is needed.
Jitne log, utnī kursi.
As many people, that many chairs.
Jitnī mehnat, utnī safaltā.
As much effort, that much success.
Jitnā samay hai, utnā use karo.
Use as much time as there is.
Jitnā jaldi aaoge, utnā jaldi kaam hoga.
The sooner you come, the sooner the work will be done.
Jitnā socha tha, utnā mushkil nahi hai.
It is not as difficult as I thought.
Jitnī baar pucha, utnī baar jhooth bola.
As many times as I asked, you lied.
Jitnā zyada padhoge, utnā zyada seekhoge.
The more you read, the more you will learn.
Jitnā bada ghar, utnā zyada kharcha.
The bigger the house, the higher the expenses.
Jitnī lambi kahānī, utnā zyada maza.
The longer the story, the more the fun.
Jitnā tumne diya, utnā hi maine liya.
I took exactly as much as you gave.
Jitnā unhone kaha, utnā hi kiya.
They did exactly as much as they said.
Jitnā gahan chintan, utnī spasht vichardhārā.
The deeper the contemplation, the clearer the ideology.
Jitnī adhik kshamta, utnī adhik zimmedārī.
The greater the ability, the greater the responsibility.
Jitnā vyast, utnā hi anushāsit.
The busier, the more disciplined.
Jitnā purānā rishtā, utnī gehri samajh.
The older the relationship, the deeper the understanding.
Jitnā shūnya mein khooge, utnā hi swayam ko paoge.
The more you lose yourself in the void, the more you will find yourself.
Jitnā kathin sangharsh, utnī shandaar jeet.
The harder the struggle, the more glorious the victory.
Jitnī nishtha, utnā hi fal.
The level of devotion determines the fruit.
Jitnā gyaan, utnī vinamrata.
The more knowledge, the more humility.
容易混淆
Both are correlative pairs.
Both deal with quantity.
Both mean 'as much as'.
常见错误
Jitnā chāy
Jitnī chāy
Jitnā log
Jitne log
Jitnā... (no utnā)
Jitnā... utnā...
Utnā... jitnā...
Jitnā... utnā...
Jitnā mehnat
Jitnī mehnat
Jitnā paise
Jitne paise
Jitnā... utnā hi
Jitnā... utnā
Jitnā baar
Jitnī baar
Jitnā... utnā... (verb mismatch)
Jitnā... utnā... (verb match)
Jitnā... utnā... (wrong case)
Jitnā... utnā... (correct case)
Jitnā... utnā... (archaic usage)
Jitnā... utnā... (modern usage)
Jitnā... utnā... (wrong register)
Jitnā... utnā... (appropriate register)
Jitnā... utnā... (wrong dialect)
Jitnā... utnā... (standard Hindi)
句型
Jitnā ___ , utnā ___ .
Jitnī ___ , utnī ___ .
Jitnā ___ karoge, utnā ___ milega.
Jitnā ___ , utnā hi ___ .
Real World Usage
Jitnā teekha chahiye, utnā bataiye.
Jitnā kaam, utnā paisa.
Jitnī mehnat, utnī safaltā!
Jitnā jaldi ho, utnā achha.
Jitnā samay hai, utnā ghumo.
Jitnā anubhav, utnī zimmedārī.
J 和 T/U 的镜像规则
别忘了性数变化！
用 bhī 来加强语气
bhī，意思就变成了“无论多少”。吵架或辩论时超好用：«जितना भी...»。Smart Tips
Always identify the noun's gender first.
Use 'jitnā' for the first part and 'utnā' for the second.
Add 'hi' to both parts.
Use it for abstract concepts.
发音
Jitnā/Utnā
The 't' is dental (tongue touches teeth).
Rising-Falling
Jitnā... (rise) utnā... (fall)
Indicates a balanced, complete thought.
记住它
记忆技巧
Jitnā is the 'J' for 'Just how much', Utnā is the 'U' for 'Understood amount'.
视觉联想
Imagine a balance scale. On the left side, you put a weight labeled 'Jitnā'. On the right side, you put a matching weight labeled 'Utnā'. When they are equal, the scale is perfect.
Rhyme
Jitnā bolo, utnā suno, Isi tarah se aage badho.
Story
A chef is teaching his apprentice. He says, 'Jitnā namak (salt) chahiye, utnā hi dalo.' The apprentice adds too much. The chef shakes his head and repeats, 'Jitnā kaha, utnā hi dalo!' Now the apprentice understands the balance.
Word Web
挑战
For the next 5 minutes, describe everything you see using this pattern (e.g., 'Jitnī pens, utnī notebooks').
文化笔记
This structure is used heavily in proverbs and daily bargaining.
Used in official documents to define proportional rules.
Often shortened in text messages.
Derived from Sanskrit correlative pronouns.
对话开场白
Jitnā pānī chahiye, utnā lo?
Jitnī mehnat karoge, utnī safaltā milegi?
Jitnā socha tha, utnā mushkil hai?
Jitnā zyada padhoge, utnā zyada seekhoge?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
____ (Jitna/Jitni) मेहनत करोगे, सफलता मिलेगी。
Find and fix the mistake:
जितनी पैसे चाहिए, उतने ले लो。
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercisesJitnā pānī chahiye, ___ lo.
Jitnī chāy, ___ chāy.
Find and fix the mistake:
Jitnā chāy, utnā lo.
utnā / jitnā / lo / chahiye / ,
As much effort, that much success.
Jitnā - Utnā, Jitnī - ?
Use 'jitnā' and 'utnā' with 'kaam'.
Jitnā hi chahiye, ___ hi lo.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesजितना ज़्यादा तुम हंसते हो, ____ (उतना/उतनी) मुझे ख़ुशी होती है。
我睡得越多，感觉越累。
匹配对应项：
排序：
जितना तुम चाहो खाओ。
选择正确的强调句：
जितने ज़्यादा व्यूज़ मिलेंगे, ____ (उतनी/उतने) ज़्यादा पैसे मिलेंगे。
越快越好。
排序：
जितनी आम खाओगे, उतने बीमार होगे。
Score: /10
常见问题 (8)
Usually no, as it leaves the sentence hanging. You need both to complete the correlation.
Yes, use 'jitne' and 'utne' for masculine plural nouns.
Yes, it is common in formal and literary Hindi.
Because 'chāy' is a feminine noun in Hindi.
Yes, 'Jitnā samay hai, utnā use karo'.
It sounds unnatural, but people will understand you.
Jitnā is 'as much', itnā is 'this much'.
Add 'hi' to both: 'Jitnā hi... utnā hi'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Tanto... como
Spanish uses 'como' as the second part, while Hindi uses 'utnā'.
Autant... que
French does not change 'autant' for gender/number.
So viel... wie
German uses 'wie' as the second part.
Hodo... hodo
Japanese word order is different.
Qadra... qadra
Arabic uses the same word twice.
Yuè... yuè
Chinese does not use gender/number.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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