A2 Connective Endings 15 min read 简单

铺垫背景:情况说明 (는데/은데)

学会用 «는데/은데» 给你的话加个“背景板”,无论是提建议、说转折还是引出新话题,都能让你的韩语听起来更自然、更有礼貌。

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -는데/은데 to provide background information or set the scene before making a request, suggestion, or statement.

  • Use -은데 after adjectives (e.g., 예쁜데).
  • Use -는데 after verbs (e.g., 먹는데).
  • Use -인데 after nouns (e.g., 학생인데).
Background Info + 는데/은데 + Main Point

Overview

有没有觉得教科书上的韩语听起来比韩剧生硬?也许是因为你用了太多的“지만”(但是)。在请求帮助或提供背景时,你需要“는데/은데”。
想象你在咖啡店给朋友发信息。你不会只说“我在咖啡店,来吧”,而会说“我现在在咖啡店,(所以)你要来吗?”。这里的桥梁就是“는데/은데”。

How This Grammar Works

它起连接作用。第一个分句提供“背景”,第二个分句提供“主要内容”。

Formation Pattern

1
动词:는데
2
形容词:ㄴ데/은데
3
名词:인데
4
过去时:았/었는데

When To Use It

用于提供背景、解释情况、表示轻微转折或表达惊讶。

Common Mistakes

不要混淆动词和形容词。动词总是接“는데”。

Contrast With Similar Patterns

“는데”是桥梁,“지만”是墙。“는데”更柔和、更地道。

Quick FAQ

问:有礼貌吗?答:是的,加上“요”就可以了!

Formation Table

Category Ending Example
Verb
-는데
먹다 -> 먹는데
Adjective (Consonant)
-은데
작다 -> 작은데
Adjective (Vowel)
-ㄴ데
예쁘다 -> 예쁜데
Noun
-인데
학생 -> 학생인데
Past Tense
-었는데/았는데
갔다 -> 갔는데
Future Tense
-을 건데
할 것이다 -> 할 건데

Common Contractions

Full Form Short Form
하는 데에
하는 데
할 것인데
할 건데

Meanings

This ending provides context, background, or a setup for the following clause. It softens requests and helps the listener understand the situation.

1

Background Setting

Providing context for a following statement.

“배가 고픈데, 뭐 먹을까요?”

“한국어 공부를 하는데, 어려워요.”

2

Softening Requests

Making a request sound less abrupt.

“저기요, 질문이 있는데...”

“도와줄 수 있는데?”

3

Contrast

Indicating a slight contrast (but/however).

“비가 오는데, 우산이 없어요.”

“열심히 공부했는데, 시험을 못 봤어요.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 铺垫背景:情况说明 (는데/은데)
类别 规则 动词/形容词原形 结合形式
动词
总是用 는데
가다 (去)
가는데
动词 (有收音)
总是用 는데
먹다 (吃)
먹는데
形容词 (无收音)
加 ㄴ데
크다 (大)
큰데
形容词 (有收音)
加 은데
작다 (小)
작은데
名词
加 인데
학생 (学生)
학생인데
过去时
았/었 后面加 는데
했다 (做了)
했는데
存在词
总是用 는데
있다 (有)
있는데
ㄹ 不规则
去掉 ㄹ 加 ㄴ데
멀다 (远)
먼데

正式程度

正式
질문이 있습니다.

질문이 있습니다. (Asking a question)

中性
질문이 있는데...

질문이 있는데... (Asking a question)

非正式
질문 있는데.

질문 있는데. (Asking a question)

俚语
질문 좀.

질문 좀. (Asking a question)

는데/은데 的多种用法

背景铺垫

交代场景

  • 가고 있는데 我正在路上(然后...)
  • 비가 오는데 下雨了(所以...)

轻微转折

  • 매운데 맛있어 挺辣的但好吃
  • 비싼데 샀어 挺贵的但我买了

礼貌请求

  • 미안한데 抱歉(能不能...)
  • 바쁘신데 您挺忙的(但是...)

动词 vs 形容词规则

动词 (动作)
먹다 → 먹는데
공부하다 → 공부하는데 学习
있다 → 있는데 有/在
形容词 (描述)
작다 → 작은데
예쁘다 → 예쁜데 漂亮
멀다 → 먼데

如何选择正确形式?

1

是名词吗?

YES
使用 인데
NO
检查是动词还是形容词
2

是动作动词或过去时吗?

YES
总是使用 는데
NO
它是形容词
3

形容词有收音吗?

YES
使用 은데
NO ↓

现代社交应用场景

📱

发短信约饭

  • 심심한데 놀자
  • 집인데 빨리 와
  • 배고픈데 뭐 먹지?
🛒

购物/APP

  • 비싼데 세일해요?
  • 주문했는데 취소돼요?
  • 예쁜데 사이즈가...
💻

职场/Zoom

  • 회의 중인데 나중에요
  • 질문이 있는데...
  • 죄송한데 다시 말해줘

按水平分级的例句

1

날씨가 좋은데, 산책해요.

The weather is nice, let's take a walk.

2

배가 고픈데, 밥 먹어요.

I'm hungry, let's eat.

3

한국어 공부하는데, 재미있어요.

I'm studying Korean, it's fun.

4

이거 예쁜데, 살까요?

This is pretty, shall we buy it?

1

질문이 있는데, 물어봐도 돼요?

I have a question, may I ask?

2

어제 영화를 봤는데, 정말 슬펐어요.

I watched a movie yesterday, it was really sad.

3

지금 바쁜데, 나중에 전화할게요.

I'm busy now, I'll call you later.

4

여기는 조용한데, 공부하기 좋아요.

This place is quiet, it's good for studying.

1

열심히 준비했는데, 결과가 안 좋았어요.

I prepared hard, but the results weren't good.

2

친구가 한국에 왔는데, 어디를 구경할까요?

My friend came to Korea, where should we show them around?

3

비가 오는데, 우산 챙기세요.

It's raining, so please take an umbrella.

4

한국 음식을 좋아하는데, 매운 건 못 먹어요.

I like Korean food, but I can't eat spicy things.

1

회의 중인데, 잠시만 기다려 주시겠어요?

I'm in a meeting, could you wait a moment?

2

그분은 전문가인데, 의견을 물어보는 게 어때요?

He is an expert, why don't you ask for his opinion?

3

이미 다 끝냈는데, 더 할 일이 있나요?

I've already finished everything, is there more to do?

4

상황이 복잡한데, 천천히 생각해 봅시다.

The situation is complex, let's think about it slowly.

1

그 계획은 완벽해 보였는데, 실행 과정에서 문제가 생겼습니다.

The plan looked perfect, but problems arose during implementation.

2

오랜만에 고향에 왔는데, 많이 변했네요.

I've come to my hometown after a long time, it has changed a lot.

3

모두가 반대하는데, 왜 그렇게 고집을 부리나요?

Everyone is against it, why are you being so stubborn?

4

분명히 말했는데, 왜 아직도 안 했어요?

I clearly told you, why haven't you done it yet?

1

그 당시에는 최선이라고 생각했는데, 지금 돌이켜보면 아쉬움이 남습니다.

I thought it was the best at the time, but looking back, I have regrets.

2

사회적 합의가 필요한 사안인데, 정치권에서는 외면하고 있습니다.

It's a matter that requires social consensus, but politicians are ignoring it.

3

이론적으로는 가능한데, 현실적인 제약이 많습니다.

It's theoretically possible, but there are many practical constraints.

4

그는 천재적인 재능을 가졌는데, 정작 본인은 그것을 모르는 것 같습니다.

He has genius talent, but he himself seems unaware of it.

容易混淆

Setting the Scene: Background Context (는데/은데) 对比 -지만

Both can mean 'but'.

Setting the Scene: Background Context (는데/은데) 对比 -어서/아서

Both provide reasons.

Setting the Scene: Background Context (는데/은데) 对比 -니까

Both provide reasons.

常见错误

학생인데

학생인데

Actually correct, but beginners often forget the -인데 for nouns.

먹다는데

먹는데

Adding -는데 to the full verb instead of the stem.

예쁜는데

예쁜데

Using -는데 for adjectives instead of -ㄴ데.

갔는데

갔는데

Correct, but beginners often use present tense when they mean past.

비가 오는데

비가 오는데

Correct, but learners often use it as a full stop.

좋은데

좋은데

Correct, but learners often use it when -지만 is more appropriate.

학생인데

학생인데

Correct, but learners often forget the -인데 ending for nouns.

먹는데

먹는데

Correct, but learners often use it in formal writing where -으나 is better.

예쁜데

예쁜데

Correct, but learners often fail to use it for softening requests.

갔는데

갔는데

Correct, but learners often fail to use it for backgrounding.

가는데

가는데

Correct, but learners often use it in academic papers where formal endings are required.

좋은데

좋은데

Correct, but learners might use it where a more formal connective is needed.

학생인데

학생인데

Correct, but learners might use it where a more formal noun ending is needed.

句型

___인데, ___?

___는데, ___.

___은데, ___.

___었는데, ___.

Real World Usage

Texting very common

지금 가는데, 조금 늦을 것 같아.

Ordering food common

이거 맛있는데, 하나 더 주세요.

Job interview common

경험이 있는데, 이 일에 도움이 될 것입니다.

Travel common

여기는 유명한데, 사람이 많아요.

Social media very common

오늘 날씨 좋은데, 산책하기 딱이야!

Classroom common

선생님, 질문이 있는데...

🎯

“贴纸”法则

把 는데/은데 想象成连接两个想法的贴纸。如果没有它,句子听起来会很生硬冷淡。加上它,语气就顺滑多了!比如:“날씨가 좋은데 산책 가요.”
⚠️

ㄹ 脱落陷阱

别忘了 ㄹ 不规则变化。像 멀다(远)和 살다(住)在遇到 ㄴ데 时要去掉 ㄹ。要说 “먼데” 或 “산데”,千万别说 “멀은데”!
💬

礼貌的“话留一半”

在韩国,说话太直接可能不礼貌。用 “...는데요” 结尾表示话没说完,在等对方反应,是超级好用的“礼貌缓冲垫”。比如:“생각보다 비싼데요...”

Smart Tips

Always set the scene first.

도와주세요. 지금 바쁜데, 도와줄 수 있어요?

Use -는데 to provide context.

날씨가 좋아요. 날씨가 좋은데, 산책할까요?

Use -는데 for mild contrast.

비싸요. 예쁜데 비싸요.

Use -는데 to link events.

영화를 봤어요. 재미있었어요. 영화를 봤는데, 정말 재미있었어요.

发音

neun-de

Linking

The 'n' sound in -는데 often links to the next word.

Rising

질문이 있는데↗?

Used when asking a question or seeking confirmation.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of -는데 as a 'bridge' that connects your background info to your main point.

视觉联想

Imagine a bridge. On one side is the 'Context' (the background), and on the other side is the 'Action' (the main point). The bridge is labeled '는데'.

Rhyme

When you want to set the scene, use -는데 to be keen.

Story

You are at a party. You want to ask for a drink. You don't just say 'Give me water.' You say 'I am thirsty, could I have some water?' The 'I am thirsty' part is your -는데 bridge.

Word Web

배고픈데바쁜데예쁜데학생인데갔는데좋은데

挑战

Write 3 sentences today using -는데 to explain why you are doing something.

文化笔记

Koreans use this to avoid being direct, which is a sign of politeness.

Derived from the noun-modifying form of verbs/adjectives.

对话开场白

오늘 날씨가 어떤데?

한국어 공부하는데, 어때?

지금 바쁜데, 나중에 전화할까?

이거 예쁜데, 살까?

日记主题

Describe your day using -는데 to connect events.
Write about a place you visited using -는데 to describe it.
Explain a problem you had today using -는데.
Write a short story using -는데 to set the scene.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

请用 ‘가다’ (去) 的正确形式填空。

백화점에 ___, 같이 갈래요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가는데
가다 是动词,所以无论有没有收音,都要加 는데。
哪个句子在语法上是正确的?

选择正确使用形容词 ‘작다’ (小) 的句子。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 방은 작은데 깨끗해요.
작다 是有收音的形容词,所以必须加 은데。
找出并修正句子中的错误。

저는 미국 사람인는데 한국말을 잘해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 미국 사람인데 한국말을 잘해요.
对于像 사람 (人) 这样的名词,我们使用 인데 来提供背景。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct ending.

날씨가 ___ (좋다). 산책할까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 좋은데
Adjective + 은데.
Choose the correct ending. 多项选择

배가 ___ (고프다). 밥 먹어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 고픈데
Adjective + ㄴ데.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

학생인데 질문 있어요. -> 학생인데 질문 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 학생인데
Noun + 인데.
Transform to -는데. Sentence Transformation

가다 + 는데

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가는데
Verb + 는데.
Match the sentence. Match Pairs

질문이 있는데...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 물어봐도 돼요?
Logical follow-up.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

예쁘다 + 는데

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 예쁜데
Adjective + ㄴ데.
Conjugate. Conjugation Drill

먹다 + 는데

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹는데
Verb + 는데.
Is this rule correct? True False Rule

Nouns use -인데.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Nouns use -인데.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
连词成句:‘我喜欢运动,但我妹妹喜欢音乐。’ Sentence Reorder

좋아하는데 / 동생은 / 스포츠를 / 음악을 / 좋아해요 / 나는

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나는 스포츠를 좋아하는데 동생은 음악을 좋아해요.
翻译成韩语:‘天冷了,请关上窗户。’ 翻译

天冷了,请关上窗户。(추워요, 창문을 닫아 주세요)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 추운데 창문을 닫아 주세요.
将动词/形容词与其正确的 는데/은데 形式连线。 Match Pairs

匹配正确形式:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹다:먹는데, 예쁘다:예쁜데, 있다:있는데, 멀다:먼데
哪一个是提供背景最自然的表达? 多项选择

A: 어디 가요? B: 시장에 ___ 뭐 사다 줄까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가는데
填入过去时形式:‘我看了 (봤다)’。 填空

어제 그 드라마를 ___, 정말 재미있었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 봤는데
修正形容词的活用形式。 Error Correction

날씨가 좋는데 산책 갈까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 날씨가 좋은데 산책 갈까요?
为请求提供背景。 填空

돈이 ___, 조금만 빌려줄 수 있어?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 없는데
选择合适的连接词。 多项选择

A: 이 옷 어때요? B: 예쁘기는 ___ 좀 비싸네요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한데
连词成句:‘我现在在图书馆,请到这边来。’ Sentence Reorder

오세요 / 이리로 / 도서관인데 / 지금

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 지금 도서관인데 이리로 오세요.
翻译:‘我吃了很多,但还是觉得饿。’ 翻译

我吃了很多,但还是觉得饿。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 많이 먹었는데 아직 배가 고파요.

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

Yes, it works with all verbs.

It is neutral and used in most situations.

Use -지만 for direct contrast, -는데 for background.

Yes, it is common in emails and essays.

Use -었는데.

Yes, it is very common in casual speech.

It makes your Korean sound natural.

Yes, use -은데 or -ㄴ데.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Japanese high

node

Korean -는데 is more versatile as a softener.

Spanish partial

mientras que

Korean -는데 is more about context than direct contrast.

German partial

wobei

Korean -는데 is used much more frequently.

French partial

alors que

Korean -는데 is broader.

Chinese low

de

Korean -는데 is a connective ending.

Arabic low

wa

Korean -는데 is more specific.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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