You'll often see the Korean particle '-거나' (geona) used when you want to express choices between verbs or adjectives.
Think of it like saying 'or' in English, but specifically when you're talking about actions or descriptive states.
It's attached directly to the stem of a verb or adjective, regardless of whether the stem ends in a consonant or a vowel.
For example, if you want to say 'eat or drink,' you'd combine '먹다' (meokda - to eat) and '마시다' (masida - to drink) with '-거나' to get '먹거나 마시거나'.
It's a really useful way to express alternatives in your sentences.
When choosing between two or more actions or states, use ‘-거나’ to connect verbs or adjectives. It means ‘or’ or ‘either…or.’ For example, ‘영화를 보거나 책을 읽어요’ means ‘I watch a movie or read a book.’
You can use ‘-거나’ multiple times to list several options, such as ‘집에 가거나 친구를 만나거나 쇼핑을 할 거예요’ (I will go home, meet a friend, or go shopping). The tense is always attached to the final verb in the sentence.
§ What does 거나 mean and when do people use it?
The Korean conjunction 거나 means "or." It's used when you want to present two or more options involving verbs or adjectives. Think of it as saying, "You can do this, or you can do that," or "It's like this, or it's like that." It connects actions or descriptions, giving the listener a choice or indicating alternatives. This is different from other ways to say "or" in Korean, which we'll touch on later. For now, focus on 거나 for actions and states.
You attach 거나 directly to the verb or adjective stem. No need to worry about Vowel/Consonant endings like some other grammar points. It's pretty straightforward. For example, if you have the verb 가다 (to go), you would say 가거나. If you have 먹다 (to eat), it becomes 먹거나. Simple, right?
People use 거나 all the time in everyday conversation. It's perfect for suggesting options, describing different possibilities, or making general statements about what might happen. It shows flexibility in your thoughts and allows you to express uncertainty or a range of choices.
Let's look at some examples to make this super clear. You'll see how 거나 connects different actions or states in a natural way.
- Definition
- 거나 (geona): Or (used with verbs/adjectives).
Here's a breakdown of how it works:
- Connects two or more verbs: You can say you will eat lunch or dinner.
- Connects two or more adjectives: You can say something is big or small.
- Implies choice or alternative: The speaker is giving options.
- Often used for general statements: "Whether you study or play..."
밥을 먹거나 잠을 자세요. (Eat rice or sleep.)
In this example, "먹거나" connects the verb 먹다 (to eat) with the action of sleeping. It presents two options for what to do.
이 옷은 비싸거나 작아요. (This clothes are expensive or small.)
Here, "비싸거나" connects the adjective 비싸다 (to be expensive) with another adjective 작다 (to be small). It describes two possible states of the clothes.
Understanding 거나 is a crucial step in building more complex Korean sentences. It allows you to express more nuanced ideas and offer alternatives, which is something you'll do frequently in any language. Keep practicing with different verbs and adjectives, and you'll get the hang of it quickly!
§ What is -거나?
- Definition
- 거나 (pronounced 'geo-na') is a Korean conjunctive ending that means 'or'. It's used to connect two or more verbs or adjectives, indicating a choice or alternative between them. Think of it as saying 'do this or do that' or 'this is like this or like that'.
§ How to Use -거나 with Verbs
When you want to say 'do this or do that', you attach -거나 directly to the stem of a verb. It's a simple one, no worries about batchim (final consonant) rules here!
- Drop the -다 from the verb stem.
- Add -거나 to the stem.
- Example Verb
- 가다 (to go) → 가 + 거나 → 가거나
- 먹다 (to eat) → 먹 + 거나 → 먹거나
주말에 영화를 보러 가거나 책을 읽어요. (On the weekend, I go to see a movie or read a book.)
점심에 밥을 먹거나 빵을 먹을 거예요. (For lunch, I will eat rice or bread.)
§ How to Use -거나 with Adjectives
The good news is, using -거나 with adjectives is just as straightforward as with verbs! You attach it directly to the stem of the adjective.
- Drop the -다 from the adjective stem.
- Add -거나 to the stem.
- Example Adjective
- 크다 (to be big) → 크 + 거나 → 크거나
- 작다 (to be small) → 작 + 거나 → 작거나
이 옷은 크거나 작아요. (This clothing is big or small.)
날씨가 덥거나 추울 수 있어요. (The weather might be hot or cold.)
§ Connecting Multiple Actions or States
You can string together more than two verbs or adjectives using -거나. Just attach -거나 to each verb/adjective stem in the list, except for the last one.
주말에는 운동을 하거나 친구를 만나거나 집에서 쉬어요. (On the weekend, I exercise or meet friends or rest at home.)
그 사람은 똑똑하거나 부지런해요. (That person is smart or diligent.)
§ Important Note: -거나 vs. -(이)나
While both mean 'or', -거나 and -(이)나 are used in different situations. This is a common point of confusion, so pay close attention!
- -거나: Used to connect verbs or adjectives.
- -(이)나: Used to connect nouns.
저는 커피나 차를 마시고 싶어요. (I want to drink coffee or tea.)
Here, 'coffee' (커피) and 'tea' (차) are nouns, so we use -(이)나. If you tried to use -거나 here, it would be grammatically incorrect.
§ Practice Sentences
Try to form your own sentences using -거나. The more you practice, the more natural it will feel.
- What do you do on the weekends?
- What kind of weather do you like?
- What do you want to eat for dinner?
Using -거나 correctly will help you express choices and alternatives in your Korean sentences, making your conversations much more dynamic. Keep practicing, and you'll master it in no time!
发音指南
- The 'ㅓ' sound can be tricky. It's similar to the 'uh' in 'butter', not 'oh' or 'aw'.
需要掌握的语法
거나 is attached to the stem of a verb or an adjective to connect two or more actions or states. It indicates that one of the actions or states can be chosen.
책을 읽거나 영화를 봐요. (I read a book or watch a movie.)
It can be used with both present and past tense. When used with past tense, the past tense marker (-았/었/였-) is attached to the verb/adjective stem before adding -거나.
어제는 친구를 만났거나 집에 있었어요. (Yesterday, I met a friend or was at home.)
거나 can be used multiple times in a sentence to list several options.
주말에는 운동하거나, 친구를 만나거나, 잠을 자요. (On weekends, I exercise, meet friends, or sleep.)
When used with nouns, the structure is Noun(이)나. However, when the action is related to a noun, it can be combined with a verb, e.g., '책을 읽거나' (read a book or...).
사과나 바나나를 주세요. (Please give me an apple or a banana.)
거나 implies a choice between alternatives, and often implies that the choice doesn't significantly matter.
커피를 마시거나 차를 마실까요? (Shall we drink coffee or tea?)
按水平分级的例句
밥을 먹거나 빵을 먹어요.
I eat rice or I eat bread.
공원에 가거나 영화를 봐요.
I go to the park or I watch a movie.
책을 읽거나 음악을 들어요.
I read a book or I listen to music.
커피를 마시거나 주스를 마셔요.
I drink coffee or I drink juice.
빨간색이거나 파란색이에요.
It's red or it's blue.
사과를 사거나 배를 사요.
I buy an apple or I buy a pear.
일찍 자거나 늦게 자요.
I sleep early or I sleep late.
한국 음식을 먹거나 미국 음식을 먹어요.
I eat Korean food or I eat American food.
自我测试 102 个问题
저는 사과___ 오렌지를 좋아해요. (I like apples or oranges.)
거나 is used to connect verbs or adjectives, meaning 'or'.
밥을 먹___ 영화를 볼까요? (Shall we eat or watch a movie?)
거나 is used to connect verbs or adjectives, meaning 'or'.
이것은 작___ 예뻐요. (This is small or pretty.)
거나 is used to connect verbs or adjectives, meaning 'or'.
주말에 공부하___ 운동할 거예요. (On the weekend, I will study or exercise.)
거나 is used to connect verbs or adjectives, meaning 'or'.
커피___ 차 마실래요? (Do you want to drink coffee or tea?)
거나 is used to connect verbs or adjectives, meaning 'or'.
책을 읽___ 음악을 들어요. (I read a book or listen to music.)
거나 is used to connect verbs or adjectives, meaning 'or'.
Choose the correct sentence: Do you want to eat bread or rice?
When connecting two verbs or adjectives, we use -거나. Here, '먹다' (to eat) is a verb. We need to include the object particles '을/를'.
Which sentence correctly uses '거나' to ask: Do you study or sleep?
-거나 is attached to the verb stem. '공부하다' (to study) becomes '공부하거 나' and '자다' (to sleep) becomes '자거나'. The polite ending '-요' is then added, and a question mark for an interrogative sentence.
Which of the following is correct to say: I go to the library or the park.
While '도서관이나 공원에 가요' is also grammatically correct, '거나' is specifically used to connect verbs or adjectives. In this sentence, '가다' (to go) is repeated and connected by '거나'.
The sentence '나는 책을 읽거나 음악을 들어요.' means 'I read a book or listen to music.'
Here, '읽다' (to read) and '듣다' (to listen) are verbs connected by '-거나', correctly translating to 'read or listen'.
'거나' can be used to connect two nouns.
'거나' is used to connect verbs or adjectives, not nouns. For nouns, you would typically use '이나/나'.
The sentence '배가 고프거나 졸려요.' means 'I am hungry or sleepy.'
'고프다' (to be hungry) and '졸리다' (to be sleepy) are adjectives connected by '-거나', accurately translating to 'hungry or sleepy'.
Write a sentence using '-거나' to say 'I eat bread or rice.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 빵을 먹거나 밥을 먹어요.
Form a sentence with '-거나' that means 'Do you like apples or oranges?'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
사과를 좋아하거나 오렌지를 좋아해요?
Create a sentence using '-거나' to express 'I watch a movie or read a book.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 영화를 보거나 책을 읽어요.
What does the person do on weekends?
Read this passage:
주말에 저는 집에 있거나 친구를 만나요. sometimes I stay at home or meet friends. 친구를 만나면 우리는 같이 영화를 보거나 커피를 마셔요. If I meet friends, we watch a movie together or drink coffee.
What does the person do on weekends?
The passage states '주말에 저는 집에 있거나 친구를 만나요.' which means 'On weekends, I stay at home or meet friends.'
The passage states '주말에 저는 집에 있거나 친구를 만나요.' which means 'On weekends, I stay at home or meet friends.'
What does the person eat for breakfast?
Read this passage:
저는 아침에 빵을 먹거나 시리얼을 먹어요. I eat bread or cereal in the morning. 그리고 우유를 마시거나 주스를 마셔요. And I drink milk or juice.
What does the person eat for breakfast?
The passage says '저는 아침에 빵을 먹거나 시리얼을 먹어요.' meaning 'I eat bread or cereal in the morning.'
The passage says '저는 아침에 빵을 먹거나 시리얼을 먹어요.' meaning 'I eat bread or cereal in the morning.'
What does the person do in their free time?
Read this passage:
쉬는 시간에 저는 음악을 듣거나 책을 읽어요. In my free time, I listen to music or read a book. 가끔 공원에 가거나 잠을 자요. Sometimes I go to the park or sleep.
What does the person do in their free time?
The passage states '쉬는 시간에 저는 음악을 듣거나 책을 읽어요.' which translates to 'In my free time, I listen to music or read a book.'
The passage states '쉬는 시간에 저는 음악을 듣거나 책을 읽어요.' which translates to 'In my free time, I listen to music or read a book.'
This sentence means 'I eat rice or bread.' '거나' connects two verbs '먹다' (to eat).
This sentence means 'I read a book or listen to music.' '거나' connects '읽다' (to read) and '듣다' (to listen).
This sentence means 'I drink coffee or tea.' '거나' connects '마시다' (to drink).
저는 보통 주말에 영화를 보___ 책을 읽어요.
The word '거나' connects two verbs or adjectives, meaning 'or'. In this sentence, it connects '영화를 보다' (to watch a movie) and '책을 읽다' (to read a book), indicating a choice between activities on the weekend.
배고프면 빵을 먹___ 우유를 마시세요.
Here, '거나' is used to offer a choice between eating bread ('빵을 먹다') or drinking milk ('우유를 마시다') when hungry.
졸리면 커피를 마시___ 좀 쉬세요.
'거나' connects '커피를 마시다' (to drink coffee) and '좀 쉬다' (to rest a bit), suggesting options when feeling sleepy.
내일 날씨가 좋으면 등산을 가___ 자전거를 탈 거예요.
This sentence uses '거나' to indicate a choice between hiking ('등산을 가다') or riding a bicycle ('자전거를 타다') if the weather is good tomorrow.
아침에 밥을 먹___ 빵을 먹어요?
The question asks for a choice between eating rice ('밥을 먹다') or eating bread ('빵을 먹다') for breakfast, so '거나' is the correct connector.
저는 주말에 집에서 영화를 보___ 공원에서 산책해요.
'거나' links '영화를 보다' (to watch a movie) and '공원에서 산책하다' (to take a walk in the park), offering two activities for the weekend.
This sentence means 'I want to eat rice or bread.' The structure is 'Subject + Object + Verb/Adjective-거나 + Object + Verb'.
This sentence means 'On the weekend, I watch a movie or read a book.' The structure follows the same pattern as the previous exercise.
This sentence means 'Shall we drink coffee or tea?' It's a question using '거나' for choices.
저는 보통 주말에 영화를 보___ 책을 읽어요.
‘거나’ is used to connect two or more verbs or adjectives, indicating a choice or alternative. In this sentence, it means 'I usually watch a movie or read a book on the weekend.'
배고프면 빵을 먹___ 과일을 먹으세요.
‘거나’ connects two verbs, offering a choice. Here, it suggests 'If you're hungry, eat bread or fruit.'
여행 갈 때 비행기를 타___ 기차를 타도 돼요.
‘거나’ indicates that either option is acceptable. This sentence means 'When you travel, you can take a plane or a train.'
심심하면 게임을 하___ 음악을 들어요.
‘거나’ connects two activities, offering a choice. Here, it suggests 'If you're bored, play games or listen to music.'
졸리면 커피를 마시___ 낮잠을 자세요.
‘거나’ is used to present alternatives. This sentence means 'If you're sleepy, drink coffee or take a nap.'
내일 날씨가 좋으면 등산을 가___ 자전거를 탈 거예요.
‘거나’ connects two potential actions. Here, it implies 'If the weather is good tomorrow, I will go hiking or ride a bike.'
Choose the correct sentence using '-거나' to express an alternative action: (A) 나는 사과를 먹거나 배를 마셨다. (B) 나는 사과를 먹었거나 배를 마셨다. (C) 나는 사과를 먹거나 배를 마신다. (D) 나는 사과를 먹거나 배를 마실 것이다.
The '-거나' conjunction connects two or more actions or states as alternatives. When used to describe a general or habitual action, it is often followed by present tense verbs like '마신다'. Option C uses the present tense correctly. Option A and B use past tense and option D uses future tense which are grammatically incorrect in this context for expressing a general alternative.
Which of the following sentences correctly uses '-거나' to indicate a choice between two states or conditions? (A) 날씨가 춥거나 비가 올 것이에요. (B) 날씨가 춥거나 비가 왔어요. (C) 날씨가 춥거나 비가 와요. (D) 날씨가 춥거나 비가 오거나.
The '거나' conjunction is used to link two or more options, actions, or states. In this sentence, it connects two possible weather conditions: '춥거나' (cold) or '비가 와요' (raining). Option C correctly uses the present tense '와요' after '춥거나' to express two alternative states. Option A uses future tense, option B uses past tense, and option D repeats '거나' incorrectly, making them grammatically unsuitable in this context.
Select the sentence where '-거나' is used to suggest doing one of several activities. (A) 주말에 영화를 보거나 책을 읽었거나 해요. (B) 주말에 영화를 보거나 책을 읽거나 할 거예요. (C) 주말에 영화를 보거나 책을 읽거나 해요. (D) 주말에 영화를 보거나 책을 읽거나 하였다.
The suffix '-거나' connects two or more verbs or adjectives to indicate a choice between alternative actions or states. When suggesting habitual or general activities, it’s common to use the present tense. Option C correctly uses the present tense '해요' (do) after connecting '영화를 보거나' (watch a movie) and '책을 읽거나' (read a book), expressing habitual actions. Options A, B and D use incorrect tense or repeated '거나', making them grammatically incorrect in this context.
You can use '-거나' to connect two nouns to mean 'either A or B'. For example, '사과거나 배'.
The conjunction '-거나' is used to connect verbs or adjectives to express a choice or alternative. To connect two nouns, you would typically use '이나/나' (e.g., '사과나 배' - an apple or a pear). Therefore, the statement is false.
The sentence '배가 고프거나 목이 마르면 라면을 먹거나 물을 마셔요.' means 'If I'm hungry or thirsty, I eat ramen or drink water.'
The sentence '배가 고프거나 목이 마르면 라면을 먹거나 물을 마셔요.' uses '-거나' to connect two alternative conditions ('hungry or thirsty') and two alternative actions ('eat ramen or drink water'). The English translation accurately reflects this meaning.
It is grammatically correct to say '나는 행복하거나 슬프지 않아요.' to mean 'I am not happy or sad.'
The sentence '나는 행복하거나 슬프지 않아요.' correctly uses '-거나' to connect two adjectives ('행복하다' - happy, '슬프다' - sad) in a negative statement, meaning 'I am not happy or I am not sad,' which implies 'I am neither happy nor sad.' This is a common and grammatically correct usage.
What do they do on the weekend?
What do they eat when hungry?
What do they do when tired?
Read this aloud:
저는 아침에 커피를 마시거나 우유를 마셔요.
Focus: 거나
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
스트레스를 받으면 노래를 듣거나 산책을 해요.
Focus: 거나
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
여행할 때는 기차를 타거나 버스를 타요.
Focus: 거나
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine you're planning a weekend with a friend. Write a short message suggesting two different activities you could do. Use '거나' to connect the activities.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
주말에 영화 보거나 산책할까요?
You are describing what you usually do when you have free time at home. Write two sentences. In the first sentence, describe two possible activities using '거나'. In the second sentence, state which one you usually prefer.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 집에서 쉬는 날에는 책을 읽거나 음악을 들어요. 보통은 음악을 듣는 것을 더 좋아해요.
You're trying to decide what to cook for dinner. Write a sentence suggesting two different dishes to your family. Use '거나' to present the options.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
오늘 저녁으로 김치찌개를 만들거나 된장찌개를 만들까요?
이 사람은 주말에 무엇을 합니까?
Read this passage:
저는 보통 주말에 친구를 만나거나 가족과 함께 시간을 보냅니다. 날씨가 좋으면 공원에서 산책하거나 자전거를 타기도 합니다. 가끔은 집에서 영화를 보거나 책을 읽어요.
이 사람은 주말에 무엇을 합니까?
지문에 '저는 보통 주말에 친구를 만나거나 가족과 함께 시간을 보냅니다'라고 나와 있습니다. (The passage states, 'I usually meet friends or spend time with family on weekends.')
지문에 '저는 보통 주말에 친구를 만나거나 가족과 함께 시간을 보냅니다'라고 나와 있습니다. (The passage states, 'I usually meet friends or spend time with family on weekends.')
이 사람은 어디에서 공부할 계획입니까?
Read this passage:
내일 시험이 있어서 공부를 많이 해야 해요. 도서관에 가거나 집에서 공부할 거예요. 만약 도서관이 문을 닫으면 집에서 할 수밖에 없어요.
이 사람은 어디에서 공부할 계획입니까?
지문에 '도서관에 가거나 집에서 공부할 거예요'라고 나와 있습니다. (The passage states, 'I will go to the library or study at home.')
지문에 '도서관에 가거나 집에서 공부할 거예요'라고 나와 있습니다. (The passage states, 'I will go to the library or study at home.')
이 사람은 스트레스를 받을 때 무엇을 합니까?
Read this passage:
저는 스트레스를 받을 때 음악을 듣거나 그림을 그립니다. 이것들이 제 마음을 편안하게 해줘요. 특히 잔잔한 음악을 들으면 기분이 좋아져요.
이 사람은 스트레스를 받을 때 무엇을 합니까?
지문에 '저는 스트레스를 받을 때 음악을 듣거나 그림을 그립니다'라고 나와 있습니다. (The passage states, 'When I am stressed, I listen to music or draw pictures.')
지문에 '저는 스트레스를 받을 때 음악을 듣거나 그림을 그립니다'라고 나와 있습니다. (The passage states, 'When I am stressed, I listen to music or draw pictures.')
This sentence means 'I want to rest or travel.' The verb '쉬다' (to rest) and '여행을 가다' (to travel) are connected by -거나.
This sentence means 'He is good at dancing or singing.' '춤을 추다' (to dance) and '노래를 잘하다' (to be good at singing) are linked by -거나.
This sentence means 'If it rains or the wind blows, take an umbrella.' '비가 오다' (to rain) and '바람이 불다' (to be windy) are connected by -거나.
What will I do on the weekend?
What should you eat if you're hungry?
What should you do if you're tired?
Read this aloud:
내일 비가 오면 집에 있거나 박물관에 갈 거예요.
Focus: 거나
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
운동을 하거나 산책을 하는 것이 건강에 좋아요.
Focus: 하거나
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
스트레스를 받으면 음악을 듣거나 친구들과 이야기해요.
Focus: 듣거나
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence means 'You can read a book or watch TV.' The structure '-거나... -거나 하다' is used to list two or more actions or states as alternatives.
This sentence means 'If you are sleepy or tired, please rest a bit.' The '-거나' conjunction connects '졸리다' (to be sleepy) and '피곤하다' (to be tired) as alternative conditions for resting.
This sentence means 'If you are hungry or thirsty, please tell me.' Here, '-거나' links '배가 고프다' (to be hungry) and '목이 마르다' (to be thirsty) as alternative states.
저는 보통 주말에 영화를 보___ 책을 읽어요.
The conjunction '거나' is used to connect two or more verbs or adjectives, indicating a choice or alternative. Here, it means 'I usually watch movies or read books on the weekend.'
배가 고프___ 졸리면 집에 가자.
'거나' is used to present options. In this context, it means 'If you're hungry or sleepy, let's go home.'
이번 휴가에 제주도에 가___ 부산에 갈까 고민 중이에요.
Here, '거나' connects two possible destinations, showing a decision is being made between them. 'I'm wondering if I should go to Jeju Island or Busan for this vacation.'
매운 음식을 잘 먹___ 못 먹___ 저는 괜찮아요.
'거나' is used to express indifference to either option. 'Whether you eat spicy food well or not, it's fine with me.'
힘들___ 지루하___ 언제든지 쉬세요.
This sentence uses '거나' to indicate that if either condition (being tired or bored) is met, the person should rest. 'If you're tired or bored, rest anytime.'
도서관에서 공부하___ 카페에서 공부하___ 시험 준비를 해야 해요.
'거나' presents two alternative locations for studying. 'I need to prepare for the exam, whether I study at the library or at a cafe.'
Improve your Korean skills by watching Korean dramas or listening to Korean music.
On weekends, I enjoy going hiking or going to watch movies with friends.
When stressed, reading a book in a quiet place or meditating is helpful.
Read this aloud:
만약 시간이 없거나 피곤하다면, 계획을 변경하는 것도 괜찮아요.
Focus: 없거나
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
여행을 갈 때는 비행기를 타거나 기차를 타는 것 중에서 선택할 수 있습니다.
Focus: 타거나
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
복잡한 문제가 생겼을 때는 전문가에게 조언을 구하거나 스스로 해결책을 찾아야 합니다.
Focus: 구하거나
你说的：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine you're planning a weekend trip. Describe two different options for how you might spend your Saturday, using '거나' to connect them. Explain what you'd do for each option.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
토요일에는 친구들과 산에 가거나 집에서 영화를 볼 거예요. 산에 가면 신선한 공기를 마시고 운동할 수 있고, 영화를 보면 편안하게 쉴 수 있어요.
You are giving advice to a friend who is struggling with stress. Suggest two different ways they could relieve stress, using '거나'. Explain the benefits of each suggestion.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
스트레스를 받을 때는 운동을 하거나 명상을 해 보세요. 운동은 몸을 건강하게 하고 기분을 좋게 만들며, 명상은 마음을 차분하게 진정시키는 데 도움이 될 거예요.
Describe two different ways a company could improve employee satisfaction, using '거나' to connect them. Elaborate on why each approach would be effective.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
직원 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 복지 혜택을 늘리거나 소통 채널을 확대해야 합니다. 복지 혜택은 직원들의 삶의 질을 향상시키고, 소통 채널은 직원들이 의견을 자유롭게 표현하고 회사에 대한 소속감을 높이는 데 기여할 것입니다.
위에 제시된 내용에 따르면, 스트레스 해소를 위한 방법 중 운동과 독서는 어떤 차이점이 있는가?
Read this passage:
최근 한 연구에 따르면, 사람들은 스트레스를 해소하기 위해 다양한 방법을 사용한다. 어떤 사람들은 운동을 하거나 취미 활동에 몰두하며 에너지를 발산한다. 다른 사람들은 독서를 하거나 조용한 곳에서 명상하며 마음의 평화를 찾는다. 이처럼 개인의 성향에 따라 효과적인 스트레스 해소법은 달라질 수 있다.
위에 제시된 내용에 따르면, 스트레스 해소를 위한 방법 중 운동과 독서는 어떤 차이점이 있는가?
지문에서 '운동을 하거나 취미 활동에 몰두하며 에너지를 발산한다'와 '독서를 하거나 조용한 곳에서 명상하며 마음의 평화를 찾는다'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
지문에서 '운동을 하거나 취미 활동에 몰두하며 에너지를 발산한다'와 '독서를 하거나 조용한 곳에서 명상하며 마음의 평화를 찾는다'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
미래 사회에서 개인이 경쟁력을 높이기 위해 할 수 있는 두 가지 방법은 무엇인가?
Read this passage:
미래 사회는 빠르게 변화하고 있으며, 이러한 변화에 적응하기 위해서는 평생 학습이 필수적이다. 사람들은 새로운 기술을 배우거나 기존 지식을 심화하여 자신의 경쟁력을 높여야 한다. 교육 기관들은 이러한 요구에 발맞춰 다양한 온라인 강좌를 개설하거나 맞춤형 학습 프로그램을 제공해야 할 것이다.
미래 사회에서 개인이 경쟁력을 높이기 위해 할 수 있는 두 가지 방법은 무엇인가?
지문에서 '사람들은 새로운 기술을 배우거나 기존 지식을 심화하여 자신의 경쟁력을 높여야 한다'고 언급하고 있습니다.
지문에서 '사람들은 새로운 기술을 배우거나 기존 지식을 심화하여 자신의 경쟁력을 높여야 한다'고 언급하고 있습니다.
환경 보호를 위해 기업들이 할 수 있는 두 가지 주요 방안은 무엇인가?
Read this passage:
환경 보호는 더 이상 선택이 아닌 필수이다. 우리는 일상생활에서 플라스틱 사용을 줄이거나 대중교통을 이용하는 등 작은 실천부터 시작해야 한다. 또한, 기업들은 친환경 제품을 개발하거나 에너지 효율을 높이는 기술에 투자하여 지속 가능한 발전에 기여해야 한다. 정부 역시 강력한 정책을 수립하고 국민의 참여를 유도해야 할 것이다.
환경 보호를 위해 기업들이 할 수 있는 두 가지 주요 방안은 무엇인가?
지문에서 '기업들은 친환경 제품을 개발하거나 에너지 효율을 높이는 기술에 투자하여 지속 가능한 발전에 기여해야 한다'고 명시되어 있습니다.
지문에서 '기업들은 친환경 제품을 개발하거나 에너지 효율을 높이는 기술에 투자하여 지속 가능한 발전에 기여해야 한다'고 명시되어 있습니다.
그는 자신의 연구 결과가 학계에 미칠 파급 효과를 전혀 예측하지 못했___, 혹은 애써 외면했을지도 모른다.
The conjunction '거나' connects two or more actions or states, suggesting a choice or alternative. In this complex sentence, it links '예측하지 못했을' (could not predict) and '외면했을지도 모른다' (might have ignored), presenting them as alternative possibilities for why he didn't address the impact of his research.
이 법안이 통과될 경우, 예상치 못한 부작용이 속출하___ 시민들의 거센 반발에 직면할 가능성을 배제할 수 없다.
'거나' is used here to present two potential negative outcomes as alternatives if the bill passes: unexpected side effects appearing or strong public backlash. This choice emphasizes the uncertainty and multiple risks involved.
그의 주장은 현실과 동떨어져 있___, 심지어 논리적으로도 모순되는 부분이 많아 설득력이 떨어진다.
Here, '거나' connects two reasons why his argument lacks persuasiveness: being detached from reality and having logical contradictions. It implies that either reason, or both, contributes to its weakness.
복잡한 현대 사회에서는 개인의 노력이 아무리 뛰어나___, 시스템의 문제로 인해 좌절되는 경우가 허다하다.
In this sentence, '거나' is used with '아무리 ~거나' (no matter how ~) to express that despite individual effort being excellent, systemic issues often lead to frustration. It highlights that the excellence of effort, or any other positive attribute, doesn't always guarantee success in a flawed system.
이번 위기 상황은 예상보다 심각하___, 정부의 늑장 대응이 사태를 더욱 악화시키는 요인으로 작용했다.
'거나' here connects two negative aspects of the crisis: its severity and the government's delayed response. While it can imply alternatives, in this context, it functions more like 'and/or' to list contributing factors to the worsening situation.
기후 변화에 대한 국제 사회의 안일한 대응은 미래 세대의 생존을 위협하___, 인류 전체의 지속 가능성을 심각하게 훼손할 것이다.
'거나' is used to link two severe consequences of inadequate international response to climate change: threatening future generations' survival and severely undermining humanity's sustainability. It suggests these are interconnected or alternative disastrous outcomes.
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例句
주말에는 영화를 보거나 책을 읽어요.
相关内容
更多general词汇
몇몇
A2An unspecified small number of; some or a few.
조금
A1A little/a bit
적게
A1A little / Few
약간
A2A little; slightly; somewhat.
많이
A1A lot/much
잠시
A2For a moment; briefly.
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2A little while ago, earlier.
대해
A2About, concerning.
~에 대해서
A2Concerning or regarding a particular subject; about.
