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A2 verb 中性 3分钟阅读

miste

/ˈmɪstə/
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Overview

The Norwegian verb 'miste' translates most commonly to 'to lose' in English, but it carries a broader semantic range than just physical loss. It can indeed mean 'to fail to keep,' as in losing an object, but it also extends to losing abstract concepts, opportunities, or even life itself. Understanding 'miste' requires looking at its various contexts and common collocations.

**Core Meaning: To Lose or Misplace**

At its most basic, 'miste' refers to the unintentional separation from something one possesses or is responsible for. This could be a physical object:

  • Jeg mistet nøklene mine. (I lost my keys.)
  • Hun mistet telefonen sin i parken. (She lost her phone in the park.)

It can also refer to losing a person, often tragically:

  • Han mistet foreldrene sine i en ulykke. (He lost his parents in an accident.)

**Losing Abstract Concepts and States**

'Miste' is frequently used for the loss of non-physical things, such as feelings, abilities, or conditions:

  • Han mistet motet. (He lost courage.)
  • Jeg mistet tråden i samtalen. (I lost the thread of the conversation.)
  • Hun mistet balansen og falt. (She lost her balance and fell.)
  • De mistet håpet. (They lost hope.)
  • Jeg mistet konsentrasjonen. (I lost concentration.)

**Losing Opportunities or Time**

Another significant use of 'miste' is in the context of missed opportunities or wasted time:

  • Vi mistet toget. (We missed the train.) - Here, it implies failing to catch the train, thus 'losing' the opportunity to travel on it.
  • Du må ikke miste sjansen. (You must not lose the chance/opportunity.)
  • Jeg har ikke tid til å miste. (I don't have time to waste/lose.)

**Losing Control**

When used reflexively or with certain objects, 'miste' can signify losing control:

  • Han mistet besinnelsen. (He lost his temper/self-control.)
  • Bilen mistet grepet på veien. (The car lost its grip on the road.)

'Miste' also appears in several idiomatic expressions:

  • Miste ansikt: To lose face, to be humiliated.
  • Miste pusten: To lose one's breath, to be out of breath or stunned.
  • Miste hodet: To lose one's head, to panic or act irrationally.

**Grammatical Notes:**

'Miste' is a regular -te verb in Norwegian. Its conjugation is as follows:

* **Past perfect:** hadde mistet

The preposition 'til' is often used with 'miste' when indicating the object or person that something is lost to, though this usage is less common than direct object loss.

In summary, 'miste' is a versatile verb in Norwegian, primarily meaning 'to lose' but extending its meaning to encompass failing to keep, misplacing, missing opportunities, losing abstract qualities, and losing control, depending on the context. Its rich usage makes it a fundamental verb to understand for Norwegian learners.

例句

1

Jeg mistet bussen.

transport

I missed the bus.

2

Hun mistet jobben sin.

employment

She lost her job.

3

Vi mistet kampen.

sports

We lost the game.

4

Han mistet hodet.

idiomatic

He lost his head.

5

Jeg mistet nøklene mine.

personal belongings

I lost my keys.

常见搭配

miste hodet
miste besinnelsen
miste motet
miste kontrollen

容易混淆的词

miste 对比 gå glipp av
'Miste' implies an unintentional loss or misplacement, while 'gå glipp av' means to miss out on an opportunity or event.
miste 对比 tape
'Miste' can refer to losing an object or a person, whereas 'tape' is typically used for losing a game, competition, or battle, or for losing weight.
miste 对比 forsvinne
'Miste' means to lose something (where the object might still exist but is no longer in one's possession), while 'forsvinne' means to disappear completely.

语法模式

miste noe (to lose something): Jeg mistet nøklene mine. (I lost my keys.) miste noen (to lose someone): Hun mistet faren sin i fjor. (She lost her father last year.) miste motet (to lose courage): Ikke mist motet! (Don't lose courage!) miste kontrollen (to lose control): Han mistet kontrollen over bilen. (He lost control of the car.) miste pusten (to lose one's breath): Jeg mistet pusten da jeg så det. (I lost my breath when I saw it.)

如何使用

使用说明

'Miste' is a versatile verb in Norwegian, used to express a variety of losses, from physical objects to abstract concepts. It's often followed by the direct object that is lost. For example, 'Jeg mistet nøklene mine' means 'I lost my keys.' When referring to losing a person, it often implies death, as in 'Han mistet moren sin' (He lost his mother). However, it can also mean to lose contact or sight of someone, as in 'Jeg mistet henne i mengden' (I lost her in the crowd). The phrase 'miste hodet' means to lose one's head or to panic, while 'miste besinnelsen' means to lose one's temper. It's important to note that 'miste' does not typically imply intentional misplacement; rather, it suggests an accidental or involuntary separation from something. In some contexts, it can also be used reflexively, such as 'å miste seg selv' (to lose oneself), implying a loss of identity or direction. The choice of preposition or adverb can subtly alter its meaning, for instance, 'miste ut' can mean to miss out on something.

常见错误

Confusing 'miste' (to lose, to fail to keep) with 'gå glipp av' (to miss an opportunity). While related, 'miste' implies an accidental loss or a failure to retain, whereas 'gå glipp av' refers more to missing an event or chance.

小贴士

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Synonyms

Synonyms for 'miste' include 'tape' (to lose), 'forlegge' (to misplace), 'glippe' (to slip, to miss an opportunity), and 'forsømme' (to neglect, to miss out on).
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Common Pitfalls

Be careful not to confuse 'miste' with 'savne,' which means 'to miss' in the sense of longing for someone or something. 'Miste' implies a physical loss or a failure to retain something.
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Usage Examples

You can use 'miste' in various contexts. For instance, 'Jeg mistet nøklene mine' (I lost my keys), 'Han mistet jobben sin' (He lost his job), or 'Ikke mist motet!' (Don't lose heart!).

词源

From Old Norse missa, from Proto-Germanic *missijaną (to miss, to fail to hit), related to *missō (amiss, wrongly). Cognates include Swedish missa, Danish miste, Old English missan (to miss), German missen (to miss, to do without).

文化背景

The Norwegian word 'miste' carries a significant cultural weight, often extending beyond a simple loss of a physical item. In a broader sense, it can evoke feelings of regret, missed opportunities, or even a sense of deprivation, depending on the context. For instance, 'miste ansikt' (to lose face) is a common idiom reflecting the importance of honor and reputation in Scandinavian cultures, where social standing and respect are highly valued. Similarly, 'miste motet' (to lose courage) speaks to the cultural appreciation for resilience and perseverance. The concept of 'miste' can also be tied to the changing seasons and the fleeting nature of time, as Norwegians often speak of 'miste sommeren' (to lose the summer) when the weather turns cold too quickly, reflecting a deep connection to nature and its cycles. This word, therefore, often implies a sense of something valuable slipping away, whether tangible or intangible, and can carry an emotional resonance that goes beyond a literal translation.

记忆技巧

Think of 'miste' as 'missed it' – you failed to keep something.

常见问题

4 个问题
'Miste' in Norwegian primarily translates to 'to lose' or 'to fail to keep'. It can refer to losing an object, losing a game, losing a job, or even losing one's life. The context in which it is used will often clarify the specific nuance of 'losing'.
No, 'miste' is not typically used to express missing someone in the emotional sense. For that, you would use verbs like 'savne'. For example, 'Jeg savner deg' means 'I miss you'. 'Miste' focuses on the act of losing or failing to retain something tangible or intangible, but not the feeling of absence related to a person.
Yes, there are several. For instance, 'miste motet' means 'to lose courage' or 'to get discouraged'. 'Miste hodet' means 'to lose one's head' or 'to panic'. Another common one is 'miste tråden', which means 'to lose the thread' of a conversation or thought. These expressions often convey a sense of losing control or composure.
'Miste' is a regular verb. In the present tense, it is 'mister' (e.g., 'Jeg mister nøklene mine' - I lose my keys). In the past tense (preteritum), it is 'mistet' (e.g., 'Han mistet jobben sin' - He lost his job). The perfect participle is also 'mistet' (e.g., 'Jeg har mistet telefonen min' - I have lost my phone). The imperative form is 'mist'.

自我测试

fill blank

Jeg vil ikke ___ nøklene mine igjen.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
fill blank

Han er redd for å ___ jobben sin.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
fill blank

Vi kan ikke ___ denne sjansen.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

得分： /3

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