C1 Formal Register 12 min read 困难

葡萄牙语中置代词：拆分动词的终极正式表达 (-lo-ei)

Mesoclisis elevates Portuguese to the highest formal register by splitting future verbs to embed the object pronoun.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Mesoclisis is the formal insertion of an object pronoun inside a verb, specifically used with the future tense.

  • Only use it with the Future of the Present (Futuro do Presente) or Future Preterite (Futuro do Pretérito).
  • The pronoun must be placed between the verb root and the ending: 'dar-lhe-ei'.
  • Never use mesoclisis if a word requiring proclisis (like 'não') precedes the verb.
VerbRoot + -pronoun- + -ending

Overview

Portuguese mesoclisis, or mesóclise, represents one of the most sophisticated and formal constructions within the language. It involves inserting certain unstressed object pronouns directly into the middle of a verb form, specifically between the verb stem and its tense ending. This grammatical phenomenon is largely confined to the Future Indicative (futuro do presente) and the Conditional (futuro do pretérito) tenses.
Historically, mesoclisis is a relic of Latin grammatical structures, preserved with greater fidelity in Portuguese than in many other Romance languages. Its persistence reflects a deeper linguistic principle: the avoidance of starting a sentence with an unstressed object pronoun, especially prevalent in European Portuguese. This rule, known as proclisis avoidance, means that if a pronoun cannot precede the verb (due to sentence-initial position or lack of a 'proclitic magnet'), and it cannot follow the verb in its standard enclitic form (due to specific tense rules), it must then split the verb.
This mechanism is crucial for understanding the 'why' behind this seemingly complex structure.
While largely absent from casual spoken Brazilian Portuguese, mesoclisis remains a hallmark of formal written communication, legal texts, academic discourse, and elevated speech in both Portuguese (PT-PT) and Brazilian Portuguese (PT-BR). Mastery of mesoclisis signifies a high level of linguistic proficiency, placing you firmly in the C1 Advanced CEFR level. It showcases not only grammatical precision but also an appreciation for the historical elegance of the language.
Consider the simple phrase
I will help you.
In a casual setting, you might say Eu te ajudarei. In a formal context where mesoclisis is required, it transforms into Ajudar-te-ei. The change is not just stylistic; it reflects a distinct grammatical pathway for pronoun placement in specific tenses, conveying a heightened degree of respect and formality.

How This Grammar Works

Mesoclisis operates on a principle of grammatical necessity driven by pronoun placement rules in Portuguese. Unlike proclisis (pronoun before the verb) or enclisis (pronoun after the verb), mesoclisis occurs exclusively when both of those positions are grammatically disallowed in the Future Indicative and Conditional tenses, *and* there isn't a strong 'proclitic magnet' pulling the pronoun forward.
The core reason for mesoclisis lies in the structure of the Future Indicative and Conditional tenses. These tenses are historically formed by combining the infinitive of the main verb with conjugated forms of haver (to have). For example, falar-ei (I will speak) originally derived from falar + hei (I have to speak).
When an unstressed object pronoun needs to be placed, it inserts itself into this historical fusion, splitting the infinitive from its auxiliary ending. This effectively means you are placing the pronoun before the conjugated auxiliary part of the verb, which is its natural position relative to the auxiliary.
For instance, take the verb fazer (to do) in the Future Indicative first-person singular: farei. If you need to insert the object pronoun o (him/it), standard enclisis (farei-o) is not permitted in this tense. Similarly, proclisis (o farei) might be disallowed if the sentence begins directly with the verb or lacks a proclitic trigger.
Therefore, the pronoun o is inserted: fá-lo-ei. This seemingly unusual structure is, in fact, the most logical and historically consistent placement when considering the verb's etymology.
Understanding the proclisis magnets is paramount. These are words that always attract the pronoun to the pre-verbal position, overriding any mesoclitic requirement. If a proclitic magnet is present, mesoclisis is impossible and grammatically incorrect. Common proclitic magnets include:
  • Negative adverbs: não, nunca, jamais, ninguém
  • Adverbs (general): já, sempre, muito, pouco, bem, mal, aqui, ali, hoje, ontem
  • Relative pronouns: que, quem, onde, cujo
  • Indefinite pronouns: alguém, tudo, nada, outrem
  • Interrogative pronouns/adverbs: quem?, onde?, como?
  • Conjunctions: embora, que (as a conjunction)
For example, you would never say Não fá-lo-ei. The correct form is Não o farei because não acts as a powerful proclitic magnet. Similarly, Quem te diria isso? (Who would tell you that?) uses proclisis due to quem, even though diria is in the Conditional.
This absolute rule is often where learners make the most significant errors. When in doubt, check for a proclitic magnet first. If one is present, mesoclisis is out of the question.

Formation Pattern

1
Forming mesoclisis involves a precise, almost surgical, insertion of the object pronoun into the Future Indicative or Conditional verb form. The process depends on the type of pronoun and the verb's stem. You begin with the infinitive and then conceptually reattach the appropriate ending around the pronoun.
2
1. Basic Pattern (for pronouns me, te, se, lhe, nos, vos, lhes):
3
For these pronouns, the structure is straightforward: Infinitive + Hyphen + Pronoun + Hyphen + Tense Ending.
4
Start with the full infinitive verb (e.g., ajudar, falar, vender).
5
Identify the appropriate future or conditional ending. These are consistent for all regular verbs:
6
| Person | Future Indicative Endings | Conditional Endings |
7
| :------- | :------------------------ | :------------------ |
8
| Eu | -ei | -ia |
9
| Tu | -ás | -ias |
10
| Ele/Ela/Você | -á | -ia |
11
| Nós | -emos | -íamos |
12
| Vós | -eis | -íeis |
13
| Eles/Elas/Vocês | -ão | -iam |
14
Example: Ajudar (to help) + lhe (to him/her/you) + ei (1st person future ending)
15
-> Ajudar-lhe-ei (I will help you/him/her)
16
Example: Dizer (to say) + te (to you) + ia (1st/3rd person conditional ending)
17
-> Dizer-te-ia (I would tell you)
18
Example: Encontrar (to find) + nos (us) + emos (1st person plural future ending)
19
-> Encontrar-nos-emos (We will meet each other)
20
2. Pattern for Object Pronouns o, a, os, as:
21
This category introduces a morphophonological change to the verb stem. When the infinitive ends in -r, -s, or -z, and is followed by o, a, os, or as, the final consonant of the infinitive is dropped, and the pronoun takes an initial l- (lo, la, los, las). Additionally, if the preceding vowel of the verb stem is a or e, an acute accent (´) is added.
22
If the infinitive ends in -r: The -r is dropped. The pronoun becomes lo/la/los/las. If the vowel before the -r is a or e, an accent is added.
23
| Infinitive | Pronoun | Tense Ending | Mesoclisis Example | Meaning |
24
| :--------- | :------ | :----------- | :----------------- | :------------------- |
25
| comprar | o | -ei | Comprá-lo-ei | I will buy it |
26
| vender | a | -á | Vendê-la-á | He/She will sell it |
27
| fazer | os | -emos | Fá-lo-emos | We will do them |
28
If the infinitive ends in -s or -z: This occurs mainly with irregular verbs or when the infinitive is used with a direct object pronoun that also acts as a reflexive or reciprocal (e.g., por-se-á, fazê-los-ei). The process is identical: drop the consonant, add l, and accent if needed. Fazer's irregular stem for the future/conditional is far- (or fá- before l).
29
3. Irregular Verbs:
30
Some common verbs have irregular stems in the Future Indicative and Conditional. These irregularities carry over into mesoclisis. The most frequent are dizer, fazer, and trazer. You must use their irregular stems before applying the pronoun insertion rule.
31
Dizer (to say/tell): Irregular stem is dir-.
32
| Infinitive | Pronoun | Tense Ending | Mesoclisis Example | Meaning |
33
| :--------- | :------ | :----------- | :----------------- | :----------------- |
34
| dizer | lhe | -ei | Dir-lhe-ei | I will tell him/her |
35
| dizer | o | -ão | Di-lo-ão | They will say it |
36
Fazer (to do/make): Irregular stem is far-.
37
| Infinitive | Pronoun | Tense Ending | Mesoclisis Example | Meaning |
38
| :--------- | :------ | :----------- | :----------------- | :----------------- |
39
| fazer | me | -ia | Far-me-ia | He/She would do me |
40
| fazer | a | -ás | Fá-la-ás | You will do it |
41
Trazer (to bring): Irregular stem is trar-.
42
| Infinitive | Pronoun | Tense Ending | Mesoclisis Example | Meaning |
43
| :--------- | :------ | :----------- | :----------------- | :----------------- |
44
| trazer | nos | -emos | Trar-nos-emos | We will bring us |
45
| trazer | os | -iam | Trá-los-iam | They would bring them |
46
Notice that for dizer, fazer, trazer, when o/a/os/as are inserted, the r of the irregular stem (dir-, far-, trar-) is also dropped, and the l is added (di-lo-á, fá-lo-ei, trá-la-ás). The accentuation rules remain the same.

When To Use It

Mesoclisis is a stylistic marker more than a universal grammatical requirement in modern Portuguese, especially in Brazil. Its usage signals an extremely high level of formality, reverence, or adherence to traditional grammatical norms. Knowing when not to use it is often as important as knowing when to use it.
1. Formal Written Contexts:
  • Legal Documents: Contracts, court rulings, official declarations. Here, mesoclisis is often mandatory, particularly in PT-PT, to ensure legal precision and traditional formality. For example, Conceder-se-á o benefício (The benefit will be granted).
  • Academic Writing: Theses, dissertations, scholarly articles, especially in fields like law, history, or literature, may employ mesoclisis to lend gravitas and academic rigor. You might encounter Analisar-se-ão os dados (The data will be analyzed).
  • Official Correspondence: Formal letters, governmental decrees, or diplomatic communications. A phrase like Informar-vos-ei prontamente (I will inform you promptly) elevates the tone.
2. Elevated Speech:
  • Public Speeches: Presidential addresses, ceremonial orations, or solemn declarations, particularly in PT-PT, frequently feature mesoclisis. A politician might declare, Defender-me-ei de todas as acusações (I will defend myself from all accusations).
  • Journalism (PT-PT): In European Portuguese, mesoclisis is still regularly found in high-quality newspaper articles, especially in headlines or reports on official matters, reflecting a generally more conservative approach to grammar. Fará-se o anúncio amanhã (The announcement will be made tomorrow).
3. Literary Contexts:
  • Classic Literature: Reading authors like Machado de Assis (PT-BR) or Eça de Queirós (PT-PT) will expose you extensively to mesoclisis. It was standard usage in their eras. Understanding it is essential for literary comprehension: Amar-te-ei eternamente (I will love you eternally).
  • Historical/Political Dramas (Netflix/Film): Subtitles or dialogue in period pieces often retain mesoclisis to evoke the language of the time. This is a practical application for C1 learners focusing on comprehension.
4. Regional Differences - Brazil vs. Portugal:
  • European Portuguese (PT-PT): Mesoclisis is a much more integrated and expected part of the formal register. It is not considered archaic but rather proper and elegant in appropriate contexts. The rule against starting a sentence with an unstressed object pronoun is very strong, making mesoclisis a frequent necessity (Dar-lhe-ei o livro).
  • Brazilian Portuguese (PT-BR): While recognized as grammatically correct, mesoclisis is almost universally considered archaic or excessively formal in spoken language. In writing, it is reserved for the highest echelons of formality (legal, academic, highly official). Using it in casual conversation would sound highly affected, even sarcastic. The more common alternatives involve proclisis (Eu te darei o livro) or auxiliary verbs (Vou te dar o livro). However, for comprehension of formal texts or classical literature, PT-BR speakers and learners still need to understand it.
Do NOT use mesoclisis in:
  • Casual conversations or informal emails.
  • Text messages or social media posts (unless for ironic effect).
  • Any context where a proclitic magnet (like não, que, sempre) is present – this is a fundamental error.

Common Mistakes

Learners at the C1 level often grapple with the nuances of mesoclisis, leading to several predictable errors. These usually stem from a lack of exposure, overgeneralization, or confusion with other pronoun placement rules.
1. Ignoring Proclisis Magnets: This is, without doubt, the most frequent and significant error. The rule is absolute: if a word that attracts the pronoun to the pre-verbal position (a 'proclitic magnet') is present, mesoclisis is forbidden, and proclisis must be used. Trying to force mesoclisis in such a context creates a jarring and incorrect sentence.
  • Incorrect: Nunca comprar-lhe-ei isso.
  • Correct: Nunca lhe comprarei isso. (I will never buy that for him/her.)
*Explanation:* The negative adverb nunca pulls lhe to the front.
  • Incorrect: Espero que fazer-o-ás.
  • Correct: Espero que o farás. (I hope that you will do it.)
*Explanation:* The conjunction que is a strong proclitic magnet.
2. Applying Mesoclisis to Incorrect Tenses: Mesoclisis is exclusive to the Future Indicative and Conditional. Attempting to use it in other tenses (e.g., past tenses, present tense, subjunctive) is always incorrect.
  • Incorrect: Ontem, vi-o-te no mercado. (Past tense vi)
  • Correct (PT-PT): Ontem, vi-te no mercado. (Yesterday, I saw you at the market.)
*Explanation:* Past tenses use enclisis or proclisis depending on context, never mesoclisis.
3. Incorrect Pronoun Morphological Change (Dropping 'R', Adding 'L', Accentuation): This specific rule for o, a, os, as is often overlooked or misapplied.
  • Incorrect: Comprar-o-ei. (Missing 'r' deletion and accent)
  • Correct: Comprá-lo-ei. (I will buy it.)
  • Incorrect: Vender-a-á. (Missing 'r' deletion and accent)
  • Correct: Vendê-la-á. (He/She will sell it.)
*Explanation:* When the infinitive ends in -r and the pronoun is o/a/os/as, the -r must drop, l is added, and an accent placed if the preceding vowel is a or e.
4. Misunderstanding Irregular Verb Stems: Failing to use the correct irregular stems for verbs like dizer, fazer, trazer before inserting the pronoun.
  • Incorrect: Fazer-o-ei. (Using infinitive fazer stem instead of far-/fá-)
  • Correct: Fá-lo-ei. (I will do it.)
  • Incorrect: Dizer-lhe-ia. (Using infinitive dizer stem instead of dir-)
  • Correct: Dir-lhe-ia. (I would tell him/her.)
*Explanation:* Remember the irregular stems dir-, far-, trar- for these common verbs.
5. Register Clash with Honorifics: Combining mesoclisis with formal address forms like Vossa Excelência but then using an informal pronoun (te) is a significant error in register.
  • Incorrect: Vossa Excelência, informar-te-ei da decisão.
  • Correct: Vossa Excelência, informar-vos-ei da decisão. (More formal 'vos' for plural address)
  • More Common/Formal: Vossa Excelência, informá-lo-ei da decisão. (Treating Vossa Excelência as third person, using o for masculine, a for feminine, or lhe for dative)
*Explanation:* Honorifics like Vossa Excelência typically demand third-person agreement for verbs and pronouns (o, a, lhe, se). Using te with such a formal address is contradictory.
By systematically checking for proclitic magnets, confirming the tense, applying the correct pronoun transformations, and using proper irregular stems, you can avoid most mesoclitic errors.

Real Conversations

Understanding mesoclisis's role in

Mesoclisis Formation Pattern

Verb Pronoun Future Ending Result
Dar
lhe
ei
Dar-lhe-ei
Fazer
o
ei
Fa-lo-ei
Dizer
nos
ia
Dir-nos-ia
Trazer
a
ei
Tra-la-ei
Ver
se
á
Ver-se-á
Amar
te
ei
Amar-te-ei

Meanings

Mesoclisis is a syntactic phenomenon in Portuguese where an object pronoun is inserted into the middle of a verb form. It is strictly reserved for the future tenses and carries an extremely formal, often archaic or legalistic tone.

1

Formal Future

Used to express future actions with high formality.

“Convidar-te-ei para a festa.”

“Fazer-se-á justiça.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 葡萄牙语中置代词：拆分动词的终极正式表达 (-lo-ei)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Verb-Pronoun-Ending
Dar-lhe-ei
Conditional
Verb-Pronoun-Ending
Dar-lhe-ia
Negative
Proclisis (No Mesoclisis)
Não lhe darei
Interrogative
Verb-Pronoun-Ending
Dar-lhe-ei?
Lo/La Variation
Verb-Pronoun(lo/la)-Ending
Fa-lo-ei
Plural
Verb-Pronoun-Ending
Dar-lhe-emos

正式程度

正式
Dar-lhe-ei.

Dar-lhe-ei. (Formal promise)

中性
Eu vou dar para ele.

Eu vou dar para ele. (Formal promise)

非正式
Vou dar pra ele.

Vou dar pra ele. (Formal promise)

俚语
Vou dar isso pra ele.

Vou dar isso pra ele. (Formal promise)

Mesoclisis Anatomy

Mesoclisis

Root

  • Dar To give

Pronoun

  • lhe to him/her

Ending

  • ei future suffix
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按水平分级的例句

1

Eu farei isso.

I will do this.

2

Vou fazer isso.

I am going to do this.

3

Eu o farei.

I will do it.

4

Farei-o.

I will do it.

1

Ele dirá a verdade.

He will tell the truth.

2

Ela me dirá.

She will tell me.

3

Dir-me-á a verdade.

He will tell me the truth.

4

Não me dirá.

He won't tell me.

1

Entregar-lhe-ei o relatório.

I will hand him the report.

2

Convidar-te-ia se pudesse.

I would invite you if I could.

3

Fá-lo-ei com prazer.

I will do it with pleasure.

4

Avisar-nos-ão em breve.

They will notify us soon.

1

O autor descrever-se-á na obra.

The author will describe himself in the work.

2

A empresa comprometer-se-ia a pagar.

The company would commit to paying.

3

Dizer-se-ia que é impossível.

One would say it is impossible.

4

Apresentar-lhe-emos os dados.

We will present the data to you.

1

O réu defender-se-á perante o juiz.

The defendant will defend himself before the judge.

2

A nação erguer-se-á novamente.

The nation will rise again.

3

Agradecer-lhe-ia se pudesse vir.

I would thank you if you could come.

4

Considerar-se-á a proposta.

The proposal will be considered.

1

A história repetir-se-ia, inexoravelmente.

History would repeat itself, inexorably.

2

Não se dirá que falhámos.

It will not be said that we failed.

3

Apresentar-se-á o relatório final.

The final report will be presented.

4

Dar-se-ia conta do erro.

One would realize the mistake.

容易混淆

Portuguese Mesoclisis: Splitting Verbs for Ultimate Formality (-lo-ei, -lhe-á) 对比 Proclisis

Learners often use mesoclisis when a proclisis trigger is present.

Portuguese Mesoclisis: Splitting Verbs for Ultimate Formality (-lo-ei, -lhe-á) 对比 Enclisis

Learners confuse the position of the pronoun.

Portuguese Mesoclisis: Splitting Verbs for Ultimate Formality (-lo-ei, -lhe-á) 对比 Futuro do Presente

Learners try to use mesoclisis with present tense.

常见错误

✗

Não fa-lo-ei

✓

Não o farei

Negative words force proclisis.
✗

Fa-lo-o

✓

Fa-lo-ei

Must use future tense.
✗

Darei-lhe

✓

Dar-lhe-ei

Enclisis is not mesoclisis.
✗

O farei

✓

Farei-o

Proclisis is not always standard.
✗

Não dar-lhe-ei

✓

Não lhe darei

Proclisis trigger.
✗

Fazer-lhe-ei

✓

Far-lhe-ei

Irregular root.
✗

Dar-lhe-ia

✓

Dar-lhe-ia (Correct)

Actually correct, but check context.
✗

Dizer-se-á

✓

Dir-se-á

Irregular root.
✗

Trazer-lo-ei

✓

Tra-lo-ei

Must drop the 'z'.
✗

Ver-lo-ei

✓

Vê-lo-ei

Accentuation rules.
✗

Não se fará

✓

Não se fará

Actually correct, but learners try to force mesoclisis.
✗

Fazer-se-á

✓

Far-se-á

Root irregularity.
✗

Dar-se-á

✓

Dar-se-á

Correct.
✗

Trazer-se-á

✓

Trar-se-á

Root irregularity.

句型

___-lhe-ei os documentos.

Fa-___-ei com prazer.

A proposta ___-se-á amanhã.

___-te-ia se pudesse.

Real World Usage

Legal Contract common

O tribunal pronunciar-se-á sobre o caso.

Diplomatic Speech occasional

A nação erguer-se-á.

Literary Novel common

Dir-se-ia que o tempo parou.

Academic Thesis occasional

Analisar-se-á o fenómeno.

Formal Invitation rare

Convidar-te-ei para o evento.

Historical Document common

Fá-lo-ei conforme o decreto.

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💡

Check for triggers

Always check for 'não', 'que', or 'quem' before the verb. If they exist, mesoclisis is forbidden.
⚠️

Don't overdo it

Using mesoclisis in casual conversation will make you sound like a caricature of a 19th-century poet.
🎯

Master the 'lo/la' rule

Remember that if the verb ends in 'r', 's', or 'z', you must add an 'l' to the pronoun.
💬

Regional usage

Mesoclisis is much more accepted in formal European Portuguese writing than in Brazilian Portuguese.

Smart Tips

Use mesoclisis to add authority to your future tense verbs.

O tribunal vai se pronunciar. → O tribunal pronunciar-se-á.

Recognize that the split verb is just a future tense verb.

Dir-se-ia (confusing) → Dir-se-ia (Ele diria)

Stop! Do not use mesoclisis.

Não dar-lhe-ei. → Não lhe darei.

Remember to add 'l' to the pronoun.

Fazer-o-ei. → Fa-lo-ei.

发音

dar-LHE-ei

Stress

The stress remains on the final syllable of the verb root before the pronoun.

Formal/Declarative

Dar-lhe-ei os documentos. ↘

Assertive, formal tone.

记住它

记忆技巧

The 'Future Sandwich': The verb root is the bread, the pronoun is the meat, and the ending is the cheese.

视觉联想

Imagine a knight splitting a shield (the verb) in half with a sword (the pronoun) to reveal a hidden message.

Rhyme

In the future, formal and grand, the pronoun sits in the middle of the land.

Story

A king once decreed that all future promises must be split in two. He took his sword, cut the word 'Fazer' in half, and shoved the word 'o' inside. Since then, only the most noble speakers dare to split their verbs.

Word Web

Dar-lhe-eiFa-lo-eiDir-nos-iaAmar-te-eiVer-se-á

挑战

Write three formal sentences using 'Dar-lhe-ei', 'Fa-lo-ei', and 'Ver-se-á' in a mock legal context.

文化笔记

Mesoclisis is still taught and used in formal writing, though it is rare in speech.

Mesoclisis is viewed as highly archaic or 'bookish'. It is almost never used in speech.

It is the standard for formal legal documents across all Portuguese-speaking countries.

Mesoclisis evolved from the synthetic future tense in Latin, where the auxiliary 'habere' was attached to the infinitive.

对话开场白

“

Como se diria em linguagem formal: 'Eu vou te dar o livro'?

“

Em que contextos literários você encontraria a mesóclise?

“

Transforme 'Eu farei isso' em mesóclise.

“

A mesóclise é comum no Brasil?

日记主题

Escreva um parágrafo curto como se fosse um diplomata do século XIX.
Descreva uma promessa formal usando a mesóclise.
Compare o uso da mesóclise em Portugal e no Brasil.
Crie um diálogo entre um juiz e um advogado usando linguagem formal.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct mesoclisis form of 'dar' + 'lhe'.

___ o meu apoio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dar-lhe-ei
Correct mesoclisis form.
Identify the error in: 'Não dar-lhe-ei o livro.' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Is the sentence correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No, should be 'Não lhe darei'
Negative trigger requires proclisis.
Which is the correct mesoclisis for 'Fazer' + 'o'? 多项选择

Select the correct form.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Fa-lo-ei
Must drop the 'zer' and add 'lo'.
Transform 'Eu farei isso' into mesoclisis. Sentence Transformation

Result?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Fa-lo-ei
Correct mesoclisis structure.
Is mesoclisis used in the present tense? True False Rule

True or False?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only for future tenses.
Complete the formal sentence: 'O juiz ___ sobre o caso.' Dialogue Completion

Select the verb.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pronunciar-se-á
Correct future mesoclisis.
Reorder: 'o / dar-lhe-ei / amanhã / relatório' Sentence Building

Correct order?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dar-lhe-ei o relatório amanhã.
Standard formal word order.
Conjugate 'Dizer' + 'nos' in the future. Conjugation Drill

Result?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dir-nos-emos
Correct root and ending.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct mesoclisis form of 'dar' + 'lhe'.

___ o meu apoio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dar-lhe-ei
Correct mesoclisis form.
Identify the error in: 'Não dar-lhe-ei o livro.' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Is the sentence correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No, should be 'Não lhe darei'
Negative trigger requires proclisis.
Which is the correct mesoclisis for 'Fazer' + 'o'? 多项选择

Select the correct form.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Fa-lo-ei
Must drop the 'zer' and add 'lo'.
Transform 'Eu farei isso' into mesoclisis. Sentence Transformation

Result?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Fa-lo-ei
Correct mesoclisis structure.
Is mesoclisis used in the present tense? True False Rule

True or False?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only for future tenses.
Complete the formal sentence: 'O juiz ___ sobre o caso.' Dialogue Completion

Select the verb.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pronunciar-se-á
Correct future mesoclisis.
Reorder: 'o / dar-lhe-ei / amanhã / relatório' Sentence Building

Correct order?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dar-lhe-ei o relatório amanhã.
Standard formal word order.
Conjugate 'Dizer' + 'nos' in the future. Conjugation Drill

Result?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dir-nos-emos
Correct root and ending.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Complete the irregular verb mesoclisis 填空

Eu ___ com muito gosto. (fazer + o + ei)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fá-lo-ei
Reorder the words to form a correct ultra-formal sentence Sentence Reorder

Reorder the words:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Apresentar-lhe-emos a proposta.
Translate into ultra-formal Portuguese 翻译

Translate: 'They will invite him.' (convidar + o + ão)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Convidá-lo-ão
Match the casual Brazilian form to its strict Formal equivalent Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu te falarei=Falar-te-ei, Eu vou fazer=Fá-lo-ei, Eles vão ajudar=Ajudá-los-ão
Correct the honorific agreement Error Correction

Vossa Excelência, eu te enviarei os autos amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vossa Excelência, enviar-lhe-ei os autos amanhã.
Identify the correct negative structure 多项选择

Which of these is correct for 'I will never tell you'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nunca te direi.
Fill in the blank for the conditional tense 填空

Se pudesse, eu ___ para jantar. (convidar + o + ia)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: convidá-lo-ia
Fix the mistake with 'dizer' Error Correction

Dizer-lhe-ei tudo o que sei.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dir-lhe-ei tudo o que sei.
Translate into ultra-formal Portuguese 翻译

Translate: 'We would bring it.' (trazer + o + íamos)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Trá-lo-íamos
Construct the formal reply Sentence Reorder

Reorder the words:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Responder-lhes-emos em breve.
Select the right form for 'vender' 多项选择

He will sell it (the house/a casa):

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vendê-la-á
Fill in the blank with a relative pronoun magnet 填空

O homem que ___ a verdade não está aqui. (dirá + lhe)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lhe dirá

Score: /12

常见问题 (8)

Only if your boss is a high-ranking official or the context is extremely formal legal correspondence. Otherwise, use standard future tense.

From Greek 'mesos' (middle) and 'klisis' (inclination/leaning), meaning the pronoun leans into the middle of the verb.

No, it only changes the register and formality level.

People will likely think you are joking or trying to sound overly intellectual/archaic.

It is standard in formal legal and diplomatic writing in Portugal.

Because the future tense root is 'far-', not 'fazer-'.

Yes, it is common with the 'Futuro do Pretérito' (conditional).

Yes, it is often used in classical poetry for rhythmic and stylistic reasons.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

Se lo daré

Spanish never splits the verb.

French low

Je le lui donnerai

French maintains a strict proclitic order.

German low

Ich werde es ihm geben

German uses a periphrastic future.

Japanese none

Watashi wa sore o kare ni agemasu

Japanese verb structure is entirely different.

Arabic partial

Sa-u'tihi

Arabic uses prefixes and suffixes, not internal insertion.

Chinese none

Wo hui gei ta

Chinese has no verb morphology.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
高级人称不定式：带主语的不定式变化

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