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A2 noun #1,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 10 دقيقة للقراءة

〜によると

ni yoru to الأكثر شيوعاً #1,000

At the A1 level, you are just beginning to learn how to describe the world around you. While '〜によると' is technically an A2 grammar point, you might encounter it in very simple contexts like weather reports. At this stage, you should focus on the idea that Japanese people often say where they got their information. Instead of just saying 'It is sunny,' they might say 'The TV says it is sunny.' Learning '〜によると' helps you start building these longer sentences. You don't need to worry about complex sources yet; just think of it as a way to link a person or a thing (like 'TV' or 'Teacher') to a piece of news. Remember that you usually need to add 'sou desu' at the end to show you are repeating what you heard. This is your first step into 'hearsay' grammar, which is very important in Japanese culture for being polite and not sounding too bossy about things you didn't see yourself.

At the A2 level, '〜によると' is a key grammar point you are expected to master. You should be able to use it to report information from common sources like news, newspapers, and other people. The most important thing to practice is the 'Noun + ni yoru to' structure combined with the '〜sou desu' (hearsay) ending. You will use this in your daily conversations to talk about what you read on the internet or what your friends told you. It helps you sound more natural because native speakers rarely state facts they heard from others as absolute truths. You should also start to notice the difference between this and just using 'de' (at/in). For example, 'Terebi de mimashita' (I saw it on TV) vs 'Terebi ni yoru to...' (According to the TV...). The latter is more focused on the information itself rather than your action of watching. This level is about building the habit of attributing your information to a source.

By the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '〜によると' in a variety of settings, including work and school. You will start to use more complex nouns as sources, such as 'Saishin no chousa' (the latest survey) or 'Senmonka no iken' (specialists' opinions). At this stage, you should also be aware of the more formal version, '〜によれば,' and when to use it (such as in written reports or formal presentations). You will also learn to pair '〜によると' with different hearsay endings like '〜rashii' (for rumors) or '〜to iu koto da' (for formal reporting). Your focus should be on the nuance: '〜によると' provides an objective basis for your statement. You are no longer just repeating what you heard; you are providing evidence for your points. This is a crucial skill for passing the JLPT N3 and for participating in more serious discussions in Japanese.

At the B2 level, you use '〜によると' with precision in professional and academic contexts. You understand that this phrase is part of a larger system of evidentiality in Japanese—how speakers indicate the source and reliability of their information. You can handle long, complex noun phrases before 'ni yoru to,' such as 'Kono aida happyou sareta seifu no toukei shiryou ni yoru to...' (According to the government statistical data that was released the other day...). You also understand the subtle difference between 'ni yoru to' and 'ni yoreba' in terms of tone and register. You might use 'ni yoreba' in a thesis or a formal business proposal to sound more authoritative. Furthermore, you can use 'ni yoru to' to set up a contrast, such as 'According to the news, the economy is improving, but in reality, people are struggling.' Your usage is now fluid and integrated into complex logical structures.

At the C1 level, '〜によると' is a tool you use effortlessly to navigate high-level discourse. You are sensitive to the stylistic choices between 'ni yoru to,' 'ni yoreba,' and other more obscure citation methods used in literature or legal documents. You can use this phrase to analyze media bias or to discuss the validity of different sources. In a debate, you might use it to strategically attribute information to a highly respected source to strengthen your argument. You also recognize when 'ni yoru to' is used rhetorically in literature to create a sense of distance or objectivity in a narrative. Your understanding extends to the historical development of the phrase from the verb 'yoru' (to depend) and how it fits into the broader grammatical landscape of the Japanese language. You can explain these nuances to others and use the phrase in any register, from highly formal to academic.

At the C2 level, your mastery of '〜によると' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You use it with perfect naturalness in complex legal, medical, or philosophical discussions. You are aware of the rarest variations and can interpret the subtle implications when a speaker chooses 'ni yoru to' over a more direct attribution. You can write sophisticated critiques of reports, using 'ni yoru to' to meticulously cite and then deconstruct various arguments. You understand the deep cultural roots of this expression—how it reflects the Japanese emphasis on social harmony and the avoidance of individual assertiveness. You can use the phrase to navigate the most delicate social situations, providing information in a way that is both authoritative and humble. For you, '〜によると' is not just a grammar point, but a fundamental part of your sophisticated Japanese communication toolkit.

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

〜によると في 30 ثانية

Used to cite a source of information, translated as 'according to' in English.
Requires a noun before it and usually ends with a hearsay marker like 'sou desu'.
Essential for objective reporting in news, business, and academic contexts.
Helps avoid taking personal responsibility for the accuracy of reported information.

The Japanese grammatical structure 〜によると (ni yoru to) is a fundamental expression used to indicate the source of information. In English, it is most commonly translated as 'according to' or 'as stated by.' This phrase is essential for Japanese learners because it allows you to distance yourself from the information you are sharing, signaling to the listener that you are relaying facts or rumors from an external source rather than expressing your own direct observation or personal opinion. It acts as a bridge between a source (like a news report, a person, or a book) and the information itself.

Grammatical Category: Compound Particle / Grammar Point
Primary Function: Identifying an information source for hearsay or reported data.

One of the most critical aspects of using 〜によると is the sentence ending. Because you are reporting information from elsewhere, the sentence almost always concludes with a hearsay marker such as 〜そうです (sou desu), 〜らしい (rashii), or 〜ということです (to iu koto desu). Without these endings, the sentence can feel grammatically incomplete or overly assertive in a way that sounds unnatural to native speakers. It is used in both formal and informal contexts, though it leans slightly towards a formal or objective tone compared to more casual ways of reporting news.

天気予報によると、明日は雨が降るそうです。

According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.

In daily life, you will encounter this phrase constantly. When you watch the NHK news, the announcer will frequently use 'Seifu no happyou ni yoru to...' (According to the government announcement...). When you are chatting with friends about a movie you haven't seen yet, you might say 'Tanaka-san ni yoru to...' (According to Mr. Tanaka...). It provides a layer of social 'safety' by attributing the information to someone else, which is a key cultural component of Japanese communication—avoiding direct responsibility for potentially incorrect information.

Furthermore, the 'to' at the end of によると is the conditional 'to,' which implies that 'if we look at [the source], then [this information follows].' This logical progression is why it feels so objective. It is used extensively in academic writing, journalism, and business reports where citing sources is mandatory. For a student of Japanese, mastering this phrase is a major step toward reaching the A2 and B1 levels of proficiency, as it moves your speaking ability from simple direct statements to complex reporting of the world around you.

新聞の記事によると、新しい駅ができるらしいです。

According to the newspaper article, a new station will be built.

Using 〜によると requires a specific structural formula that learners must memorize to ensure their Japanese sounds natural and polite. The basic structure is: [Source Noun] + によると + [Information] + [Hearsay Ending]. The source noun can be a person, a media outlet, a document, or even a sensory source like 'the sound of the wind' (though that is more poetic).

Noun Types: Common sources include ニュース (news), 噂 (rumor), 統計 (statistics), and 先生 (teacher).

Let's break down the components. First, the source noun must be followed immediately by によると. There is no need for additional particles like 'no' or 'ga' between the noun and the phrase. For example, 'According to the teacher' is simply 'Sensei ni yoru to.' Second, the information being relayed is usually in the plain form (dictionary form, past form, etc.). Finally, the sentence must conclude with a marker that indicates the information is second-hand. The most common is 〜そうです.

噂によると、あの二人は結婚したそうです。

According to the rumors, those two got married.

In more formal or written Japanese, you might see 〜によれば (ni yoreba) instead of によると. While they are almost identical in meaning, によると is more versatile and common in spoken conversation. Another variation is 〜の話では (no hanashi de wa), which is used specifically when the source is a person's spoken words. However, によると remains the 'gold standard' for general reporting of information. It is important to note that you cannot use this phrase for your own internal feelings. You wouldn't say 'According to my heart, I am hungry.'

When dealing with complex sentences, the source can be a long noun phrase. For instance, 'According to the report published by the Ministry of Health last month' would be 'Sengetsu kouseiroudoushou ga happyou shita houkokusho ni yoru to...' Even with such long subjects, the grammar remains stable. This stability makes it one of the more 'reliable' grammar points for English speakers to learn, as it maps relatively closely to the English 'According to...' structure.

研究の結果によると、この薬は効果があるということです。

According to the research results, this medicine is effective.

The phrase 〜によると is ubiquitous in Japanese media and professional environments. If you turn on a Japanese television set at any time of day, you are likely to hear it within fifteen minutes. News broadcasts are the primary 'natural habitat' for this expression. Anchors use it to attribute quotes to politicians, statistics to government agencies, and eyewitness accounts to people at the scene of an event. It provides the necessary journalistic distance required for objective reporting.

Media Usage: Used in headlines, news scripts, and weather reports to cite data sources.

In a business setting, 〜によると is used during meetings and presentations. When a manager says, 'Saishin no deeta ni yoru to...' (According to the latest data...), they are signaling that their following statement is backed by evidence. This is crucial in Japanese corporate culture, where decisions are often made based on consensus and documented facts rather than individual intuition. Using this phrase helps a speaker sound more professional, prepared, and respectful of the truth.

部長の話によると、来月から新しいプロジェクトが始まるそうです。

According to what the department manager said, a new project will start next month.

Socially, the phrase is used to share gossip or interesting facts found online. A friend might say, 'SNS no toukou ni yoru to...' (According to a post on social media...). In this context, it acts as a disclaimer. If the information turns out to be 'fake news,' the speaker isn't blamed because they clearly stated they were just repeating what they saw on social media. This 'social buffering' is a key reason why the phrase is so common in interpersonal communication.

In academic settings, such as university lectures or textbooks, 〜によると is the standard way to cite authors or researchers. When reading a Japanese textbook, you will see sentences like 'Kono riron ni yoru to...' (According to this theory...). It establishes a logical framework for the discussion. For learners, recognizing this phrase is like finding a landmark in a sentence; once you hear によると, you know exactly what the speaker is doing: they are giving you the 'why' or the 'where' for the information that follows.

最新の調査によると、若者の読書離れが進んでいるということです。

According to the latest survey, young people are moving away from reading.

While 〜によると is relatively straightforward, there are several pitfalls that English speakers often fall into. The most frequent error is forgetting the hearsay ending. In English, we can say 'According to the news, it is raining.' In Japanese, ending the sentence with 'ame desu' (it is rain) after によると sounds jarringly direct. It sounds as if you are claiming the news's information as your own absolute knowledge. You must add 'sou desu' or 'rashii' to complete the thought.

The 'Missing Ending' Error: Incorrect: ニュースによると、雨です。 (Too direct)
Correct: ニュースによると、雨だそうです。

Another common mistake is using によると for one's own opinion or internal state. You cannot say 'Watashi ni yoru to...' to mean 'According to me' or 'In my opinion.' For personal opinions, Japanese uses phrases like 'Watashi no iken de wa' or 'Watashi to shite wa.' によると is strictly for external sources. Using it for yourself makes you sound like you are viewing yourself as an outside object or a news source, which is very strange in a social context.

❌ 私によると、この映画は面白くないです。

Incorrect: 'According to me, this movie isn't interesting.'

A third mistake involves confusing によると with によって (ni yotte). While they look similar and both stem from the verb 'yoru' (to depend/base on), によって is used to indicate a means, a cause, or an agent in a passive sentence (e.g., 'made by someone'). If you say 'News ni yotte...' you are saying 'By means of the news' or 'Because of the news,' which changes the meaning entirely. によると is specifically for the source of information.

Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the level of formality. While によると is acceptable in most situations, using it in a very casual conversation with a close friend might sound a bit stiff. In those cases, people often just say '[Source] ga itte ita kedo...' (Source was saying, but...). However, as a learner, using によると correctly is never 'wrong'—it just sounds polite and clear. Avoid over-complicating the source; keep it to a simple noun for the best results.

❌ ニュースによると、雨が降ります。

Incorrect: Missing the hearsay ending like 'sou desu'.

To truly master Japanese, it is helpful to understand how 〜によると compares to its synonyms. The most direct alternative is 〜によれば (ni yoreba). Both mean 'according to,' but 〜によれば is more formal and is frequently found in written reports, academic papers, or formal speeches. It uses the 'ba' conditional form, which gives it a slightly more literary or hypothetical nuance. In daily conversation, 〜によると is much more common.

Comparison: 〜によると vs 〜の話では: 〜によると: General source (news, books, people).
〜の話では: Specifically for spoken information from a person.

Another alternative is 〜では (de wa). This is a very simple way to cite a source, often used for places or media. For example, 'Terebi de wa...' (On the TV...). While 〜によると emphasizes the source as the origin of the information, 〜では simply points to where the information was found. It is less formal and very common in casual speech. However, it doesn't carry the same weight of 'attribution' that 〜によると does.

田中さんの話では、あの店はおいしいそうです。

According to what Tanaka-san said, that shop is delicious.

For citing a person specifically, 〜が言うには (ga iu ni wa) is another option. This translates to 'As for what [Person] says...' and is used when you want to focus on that specific person's perspective or statement. It feels more personal than the objective 〜によると. If you are citing a rumor, you might use 〜という話だ (to iu hanashi da) at the end of the sentence, which pairs well with によると to emphasize that the information is just 'talk.'

Lastly, consider 〜から聞くと (kara kiku to), which means 'Hearing from [Source].' This is very informal and implies a direct conversation. In contrast, 〜によると can be used even if you've never met the source (like a famous author or a government body). Understanding these nuances helps you choose the right level of distance and formality for your conversation, making your Japanese sound more nuanced and sophisticated.

予報によれば、今夜は雪になる見込みです。

According to the forecast (formal), it is expected to snow tonight.

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

"政府の公式発表によると、経済は緩やかに回復しているとのことです。"

محايد

"ニュースによると、明日は雨が降るそうです。"

غير رسمي

"田中さんの話によると、あのテスト、めっちゃ難しかったらしいよ。"

Child friendly

"先生のお話によると、明日は遠足に行くんだって！"

عامية

"ネットの噂によると、あの店もうすぐ潰れるらしいぜ。"

حقيقة ممتعة

The kanji for 'yoru' (拠) contains the radical for 'hand' (扌), suggesting the act of holding onto or leaning on something for support—just as you 'lean' on a source for information.

دليل النطق

UK ni joɾɯ to

US ni joʊɾu toʊ

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. In 'ni yoru to', the pitch generally stays relatively flat, with a slight drop after 'ru'.

يتقافى مع

Koru to (freeze) Noru to (ride) Soru to (shave) Toru to (take) Yoru to (stop by) Horu to (dig) Moru to (serve) Suru to (then)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'ru' like the English 'roo' with rounded lips.
Stressing the 'yo' too heavily.
Elongating the 'to' at the end.
Making the 'ni' sound like 'nye'.
Pausing too long between 'yoru' and 'to'.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 2/5

The grammar is easy to recognize once you know the pattern, but the source nouns can be difficult kanji.

الكتابة 3/5

Requires remembering to pair it with the correct hearsay ending like 'sou desu'.

التحدث 2/5

Very useful and easy to plug into sentences once the formula is learned.

الاستماع 2/5

Commonly heard in media; serves as a great signal that a source is being cited.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

そうです (sou desu) らしい (rashii) ニュース (nyuusu) 天気予報 (tenki yohou) 話 (hanashi)

تعلّم لاحقاً

〜によって (ni yotte) 〜に基づき (ni motodzuki) 〜を通じて (o tsuujite) 〜によるところ (ni yoru tokoro) 〜に従って (ni shitagatte)

متقدم

〜に即して (ni sokushite) 〜に照らして (ni terashite) 〜を鑑みて (o kangamite)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Hearsay 〜そうです

雨が降るそうです。

Conjecture 〜らしい

彼は忙しいらしいです。

Formal Hearsay 〜ということだ

中止だということです。

Conditional 〜と

春になると花が咲く。

Noun Modification

きれいな花。

أمثلة حسب المستوى

テレビによると、明日は晴れです。

According to the TV, it will be sunny tomorrow.

Simple Noun + ni yoru to. Note: In very simple A1 speech, the hearsay ending is sometimes omitted, but it's better to add 'sou desu'.

お母さんによると、今日はパンです。

According to Mom, today [we are having] bread.

Using a person as a source in a very casual context.

先生によると、宿題はありません。

According to the teacher, there is no homework.

Citing an authority figure for simple information.

ニュースによると、新しい店ができました。

According to the news, a new shop has opened.

Past tense information being reported.

本によると、日本はきれいです。

According to the book, Japan is beautiful.

Citing a written source.

田中さんによると、あの映画はいいです。

According to Mr. Tanaka, that movie is good.

Reporting a simple opinion from another person.

ラジオによると、道がこんでいます。

According to the radio, the roads are crowded.

Using 'radio' as the source of information.

手紙によると、みんな元気です。

According to the letter, everyone is doing well.

Citing a personal correspondence.

天気予報によると、明日は雨が降るそうです。

According to the weather forecast, it is said that it will rain tomorrow.

Standard A2 structure: Noun + ni yoru to + sou desu.

友達の話によると、あのテストは難しかったらしいです。

According to what my friend said, that test was apparently difficult.

Using 'rashii' to indicate a rumor or something heard from a friend.

新聞によると、来週お祭りがあるということです。

According to the newspaper, it is said that there will be a festival next week.

Using 'to iu koto desu' for a slightly more formal hearsay ending.

雑誌の記事によると、このカフェが人気だそうです。

According to a magazine article, this cafe is popular.

Citing a specific article within a publication.

駅のアナウンスによると、電車が遅れているそうです。

According to the station announcement, the train is delayed.

Reporting information from a public announcement.

噂によると、彼は会社を辞めるらしいです。

According to the rumors, he is apparently quitting the company.

Using 'uwasa' (rumor) as the source noun.

パンフレットによると、この公園はとても広いです。

According to the pamphlet, this park is very large.

Citing a descriptive source like a pamphlet.

お医者さんの話によると、もうすぐ退院できるそうです。

According to what the doctor said, I can leave the hospital soon.

Citing a professional's spoken words.

最新のデータによると、人口が減り続けているそうです。

According to the latest data, the population is continuing to decrease.

Using 'saishin no deeta' (latest data) as a more formal source.

政府の発表によると、来月から税金が上がるということです。

According to the government announcement, taxes will rise from next month.

Citing an official government source.

研究の結果によると、睡眠不足は健康に悪いらしいです。

According to the research results, lack of sleep is apparently bad for health.

Citing scientific research results.

専門家の意見によると、この問題は解決が難しいそうです。

According to the experts' opinions, this problem is said to be difficult to solve.

Citing expert opinions ('senmonka no iken').

歴史の本によると、この城は江戸時代に建てられたということです。

According to history books, this castle was built in the Edo period.

Citing historical records.

会社の規定によると、副業は禁止されているそうです。

According to company regulations, side jobs are prohibited.

Citing official rules or regulations ('kitei').

現地の人の話によると、冬はかなり寒くなるらしいです。

According to what the locals say, it apparently gets quite cold in winter.

Citing local knowledge ('genchi no hito').

統計によると、海外旅行に行く人が増えているそうです。

According to statistics, the number of people going abroad is increasing.

Using 'toukei' (statistics) as a source.

ある調査報告書によると、消費者の意識が変化しているとのことです。

According to a certain research report, consumer awareness is changing.

Using 'to no koto desu' as a formal hearsay ending common in B2 level.

目撃者の証言によると、犯人は黒い服を着ていたそうです。

According to witness testimony, the culprit was wearing black clothes.

Citing legal or investigative testimony ('shougen').

科学的な根拠によると、その説は否定されるべきだということです。

According to scientific evidence, that theory should be rejected.

Citing 'scientific evidence' (kagakuteki na konkyo).

契約書の内容によると、違約金が発生する可能性があるらしいです。

According to the contents of the contract, there is apparently a possibility of a penalty fee.

Citing the contents of a legal document.

気象庁の観測によると、今年の夏は記録的な暑さになるそうです。

According to observations by the Meteorological Agency, this summer will be record-breakingly hot.

Citing a specific official agency's observations.

古文書の記述によると、この地域にはかつて大きな寺があったということです。

According to descriptions in ancient documents, there was once a large temple in this area.

Citing 'ancient documents' (komonjo).

アンケートの結果によると、約8割の人が現状に満足しているそうです。

According to the survey results, about 80% of people are satisfied with the current situation.

Citing specific numerical survey data.

業界の動向によると、今後AIの導入がさらに加速するらしいです。

According to industry trends, the introduction of AI will apparently accelerate further.

Citing 'industry trends' (gyoukai no doukou).

憲法の解釈によると、この法律は違憲の疑いがあるということです。

According to the interpretation of the Constitution, this law is suspected of being unconstitutional.

Citing a high-level legal interpretation ('kaishaku').

考古学的な知見によると、この遺跡は5世紀頃のものと推測されるそうです。

According to archaeological findings, this ruin is estimated to date back to around the 5th century.

Citing 'archaeological findings' (koukogakuteki na chiken).

経済学の理論によると、需要と供給のバランスが価格を決定するとのことです。

According to economic theory, the balance of supply and demand determines prices.

Citing an academic theory ('riron').

複数の情報筋によると、両国間での交渉は難航しているらしいです。

According to multiple sources, negotiations between the two countries are apparently at a standstill.

Citing 'multiple sources' (fukusuu no jouhousuji).

文献の調査によると、その作家は晩年をこの地で過ごしたということです。

According to a survey of the literature, the author spent their final years in this place.

Citing 'literary survey' (bunken no chousa).

心理学の実験データによると、報酬がモチベーションを下げることがあるそうです。

According to psychological experimental data, rewards can sometimes decrease motivation.

Citing specific scientific experimental data.

社会学的な視点によると、この現象は都市化の進展と密接に関係しているらしいです。

According to a sociological perspective, this phenomenon is apparently closely related to the progress of urbanization.

Citing a 'sociological perspective' (shakaigakuteki na shiten).

医学的な見地によると、この治療法は副作用のリスクが高いということです。

According to a medical standpoint, this treatment method is said to have a high risk of side effects.

Citing a 'medical standpoint' (igakuteki na kenchi).

言語学的なアプローチによると、文法の構造は人間の認知能力を反映しているとのことです。

According to a linguistic approach, grammatical structure reflects human cognitive abilities.

Citing a high-level academic approach.

法哲学的な議論によると、正義の定義は時代とともに変遷してきたそうです。

According to legal-philosophical debate, the definition of justice has changed over time.

Citing philosophical discourse ('giron').

地政学的な分析によると、この地域の不安定化は世界経済に多大な影響を及ぼすらしいです。

According to geopolitical analysis, the destabilization of this region will apparently have a massive impact on the global economy.

Citing 'geopolitical analysis' (chiseigakuteki na bunseki).

宗教学の比較研究によると、異なる文化圏でも同様の神話が存在するということです。

According to comparative studies in religious studies, similar myths exist even in different cultural spheres.

Citing 'comparative research' (hikaku kenkyuu).

量子力学の理論モデルによると、観測が結果に影響を与える可能性があるそうです。

According to theoretical models in quantum mechanics, observation can potentially influence the outcome.

Citing a 'theoretical model' (riron moderu).

人類学的なフィールドワークによると、その部族には独自の言語体系が残っているとのことです。

According to anthropological fieldwork, that tribe still retains its own unique linguistic system.

Citing 'fieldwork' (fiirudowaaku).

美学的な評価基準によると、この作品は形式美と精神性の融合が見事だということです。

According to aesthetic evaluation criteria, this work is a superb fusion of formal beauty and spirituality.

Citing 'aesthetic criteria' (bigakuteki na hyouka kijun).

政治学のパラダイムによると、権力の分散が民主主義の根幹を成すらしいです。

According to the paradigm of political science, the distribution of power forms the basis of democracy.

Citing a scientific 'paradigm' (paradaimu).

تلازمات شائعة

天気予報によると

ニュースによると

噂によると

調査によると

統計によると

記事によると

専門家によると

研究によると

関係者によると

資料によると

العبارات الشائعة

私の調べたところによると

伝え聞くところによると

聞いたところによると

読むところによると

見るところによると

噂で聞くところによると

最新のニュースによると

政府の発表によると

辞書によると

目撃者の話によると

يُخلط عادةً مع

〜によると vs 〜によって

Used for means, cause, or agent. 'Ni yoru to' is only for information sources.

〜によると vs 〜によれば

Very similar, but 'ni yoreba' is more formal and written.

〜によると vs 〜にそって

Means 'along' or 'in accordance with' (like a plan). Not for citing news.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"風の便りによると"

According to a little bird; according to a rumor that reached my ears. A poetic way to say you heard a rumor.

風の便りによると、彼女は結婚したらしいよ。

Literary / Casual

"伝えによると"

According to legend or tradition. Used for historical or mythical stories.

古い伝えによると、この池には龍が住んでいるそうです。

Literary

"漏れ承るところによると"

According to what I happened to overhear. A very humble and formal way to cite a rumor.

漏れ承るところによると、社長が交代されるとか。

Very Formal

"巷の噂によると"

According to the rumors on the street. Used for general public gossip.

巷の噂によると、あの店はもうすぐ潰れるらしい。

Neutral

"歴史の教訓によると"

According to the lessons of history. Used in a philosophical or political context.

歴史の教訓によると、過ちを繰り返してはならない。

Academic

"定説によると"

According to the established theory. Used in science or academia.

定説によると、恐竜は巨大な隕石で絶滅したそうです。

Academic

"言い伝えによると"

According to oral tradition. Similar to 'tsutae ni yoru to'.

言い伝えによると、この山には神様がいます。

Neutral

"独自の調査によると"

According to our own independent research. Common in journalism or marketing.

当番組の独自の調査によると、意外な事実が判明しました。

Professional

"筋からの情報によると"

According to information from reliable sources. Used when you can't name the source.

確かな筋からの情報によると、彼は辞職するそうです。

Formal

"私の観測によると"

According to my observations. Can be used literally (science) or figuratively (social).

私の観測によると、彼は彼女に気があるようだ。

Neutral

سهل الخلط

〜によると vs 〜によって

Both start with 'ni yoru'.

〜によって means 'by' or 'because of'. 〜によると means 'according to'.

台風によって家が壊れた (House broke because of typhoon) vs 台風情報によると家が壊れたそうだ (According to typhoon info, a house broke).

〜によると vs 〜について

Both are common particles starting with 'ni'.

〜について means 'about'. 〜によると means 'according to'.

日本について話す (Talk about Japan) vs 日本のニュースによると (According to Japanese news).

〜によると vs 〜に対して

Both are compound particles.

〜に対して means 'towards' or 'against'. 〜によると is for sources.

先生に対して失礼だ (Rude towards teacher) vs 先生によると (According to teacher).

〜によると vs 〜によれば

Identical meaning.

〜によれば is more formal/written. 〜によると is more versatile.

書物によれば (According to books - formal) vs 友達によると (According to friend - neutral).

〜によると vs 〜の代わりに

Both involve nouns.

〜の代わりに means 'instead of'. 〜によると is for sources.

お茶の代わりに水を飲む (Drink water instead of tea) vs お茶のラベルによると (According to the tea label).

أنماط الجُمل

[Source Noun] によると、[Information] そうです。

天気予報によると、明日は晴れるそうです。

[Source Noun] によると、[Information] らしいです。

噂によると、彼は結婚したらしいです。

[Source Noun] によると、[Information] ということです。

新聞によると、物価が上がるということです。

[Source Noun] によると、[Information] とのことです。

政府の発表によると、景気は回復しているとのことです。

[Source Noun] の話によると、[Information] そうです。

田中さんの話によると、会議は中止だそうです。

[Source Noun] によると、[Information] と書いてあります。

本によると、ここは有名な場所だと書いてあります。

[Source Noun] の調査によると、[Information] ことがわかった。

最近の調査によると、若者の読書時間が減っていることがわかった。

[Source Noun] に基づく [Source Noun] によると、...

事実に基づく証言によると、彼は現場にいなかったそうです。

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

الأفعال

مرتبط

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Extremely high in news, academic writing, and reporting. Moderately high in daily conversation.

أخطاء شائعة

ニュースによると、雨です。 → ニュースによると、雨だそうです。
You must use a hearsay ending like 'sou desu' when using 'ni yoru to'.
私によると、この本はいいです。 → 私の意見では、この本はいいです。
You cannot use 'ni yoru to' for your own personal opinions.
ニュースのによると、... → ニュースによると、...
Do not put 'no' between the noun and 'ni yoru to'.
天気によって、雨が降るそうです。 → 天気予報によると、雨が降るそうです。
'Ni yotte' means 'because of' or 'depending on'. Use 'ni yoru to' for sources.
彼によると、来ないと言いました。 → 彼によると、来ないそうです。
While 'to iimashita' is okay, 'sou desu' is the standard and more natural pairing for 'ni yoru to'.

نصائح

Check Your Ending

Always pair 'ni yoru to' with a hearsay marker like 'sou desu' or 'rashii'. This is the most important rule for sounding natural.

External Only

Never use 'ni yoru to' for your own opinions. It's only for information coming from the outside world.

Formal Writing

In essays or formal reports, try using 'ni yoreba' instead of 'ni yoru to' to elevate your writing style.

Identify the Source

When you hear 'ni yoru to', focus on the noun immediately preceding it. That is the source of the information.

Common Sources

Memorize common source nouns like 'toukei' (statistics), 'chousa' (survey), and 'happyou' (announcement) to use with this phrase.

Objectivity

Use 'ni yoru to' when you want to sound objective and avoid taking personal blame for potentially incorrect information.

Harmony

Remember that using this phrase shows respect for the truth and avoids individual assertiveness, which is valued in Japanese culture.

Pacing

Don't rush the phrase. 'Ni-yo-ru-to' should be pronounced clearly to signal the start of your reported information.

JLPT Prep

This is a frequent grammar point on the JLPT N4 and N3 exams. Practice identifying it in reading passages.

News Practice

Watch Japanese news clips on YouTube and count how many times the announcer says 'ni yoru to'. It's great listening practice!

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'NI YORU TO' as 'NEAR YOUR TOe'. If information is 'near your toe,' you can point to it as your source. 'According to this toe, it's raining!'

ربط بصري

Imagine a news reporter pointing a giant arrow at a newspaper. The arrow has 'NI YORU TO' written on it, pointing from the news to the reporter's mouth.

Word Web

News Source According to Hearsay Report Evidence Reliability Attribution

تحدٍّ

Try to say three things you heard today using 'ni yoru to'. For example, 'According to the internet, it's a holiday tomorrow.' (Internet ni yoru to, ashita wa yasumi da sou desu.)

أصل الكلمة

The phrase is derived from the Japanese verb 'yoru' (拠る), which means 'to be based on,' 'to depend on,' or 'to be due to.' The 'ni' is a target particle, and the 'to' is a conditional particle. Together, they literally mean 'if [we] base [it] on [the noun].'

المعنى الأصلي: To base one's statement or position on a specific piece of evidence or source.

Japonic

السياق الثقافي

Be careful not to use this for your own feelings, as it can sound like you are mocking yourself or being overly robotic.

In English, 'According to' is often used in formal writing but can sound a bit stiff in casual talk. In Japanese, 'ni yoru to' is used very frequently even in semi-casual talk to share news.

NHK News: The most common place to hear this phrase daily. Weather forecasts: 'Kishouchou no happyou ni yoru to...' Detective Conan: Characters often use this when citing clues or evidence.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Weather Forecasts

天気予報によると (According to the weather forecast)
予報によると (According to the forecast)
気象庁によると (According to the Meteorological Agency)
ニュースの天気によると (According to the news weather)

News and Media

新聞によると (According to the newspaper)
テレビによると (According to the TV)
ネットの記事によると (According to the online article)
最新のニュースによると (According to the latest news)

Gossip and Rumors

噂によると (According to the rumors)
みんなの話によると (According to what everyone is saying)
聞いたところによると (According to what I heard)
SNSの投稿によると (According to the SNS post)

Academic/Professional

調査の結果によると (According to the survey results)
統計データによると (According to the statistical data)
専門家の分析によると (According to expert analysis)
資料の記述によると (According to the description in the materials)

School/Workplace

先生の話によると (According to what the teacher said)
部長の指示によると (According to the manager's instructions)
会社のルールによると (According to company rules)
掲示板によると (According to the bulletin board)

بدايات محادثة

"ニュースによると、最近は物価が上がっているそうですね。"

"天気予報によると、週末は天気がいいらしいですよ。どこか行きませんか？"

"噂によると、あの新しいレストランはすごくおいしいらしいです。"

"友達の話によると、昨日のテストはかなり難しかったみたいです。"

"新聞の記事によると、この街に新しいショッピングモールができるそうですよ。"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

今日、ニュースやSNSで見た情報を「〜によると」を使って書いてみましょう。

友達や家族から聞いた面白い話を「〜によると」を使って説明してください。

あなたが最近読んだ本の内容を「本によると」を使って紹介してください。

最近の天気について、天気予報で言っていたことを「予報によると」を使って書いてください。

自分の好きな趣味について、専門家の意見やデータを「〜によると」を使って引用してみましょう。

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, you cannot say 'Watashi ni yoru to' to mean 'According to me.' This is a common mistake for English speakers. Instead, use 'Watashi no iken de wa' (In my opinion) or 'Watashi to shite wa' (As for me). 'Ni yoru to' is reserved for external sources of information.

In most cases, yes. Because 'ni yoru to' indicates you are relaying information from a source, you need a hearsay marker like 'sou desu', 'rashii', or 'to iu koto desu' to make the sentence grammatically complete and natural. Omitting it makes you sound too certain about information you didn't observe yourself.

They mean the same thing, but 'ni yoreba' is more formal and is typically used in written Japanese, academic contexts, or formal news broadcasts. 'Ni yoru to' is more common in daily spoken Japanese and general media.

Yes! You can say 'Kono saito ni yoru to...' (According to this website...). It works for any noun that can provide information, including websites, apps, books, and social media platforms.

Very much so. It is used to cite data, reports, or what a client said. For example, 'Saishin no deeta ni yoru to...' (According to the latest data...). It makes your statements sound objective and well-supported.

Yes, 'Uwasa ni yoru to...' (According to rumors...) is a very common phrase. It is usually paired with 'rashii' (apparently) because rumors are less certain than news.

No particle is needed between the noun and 'ni yoru to'. You just say [Noun] + によると. For example, 'News ni yoru to', not 'News no ni yoru to'.

Not directly. You must turn the verb into a noun phrase first. For example, instead of 'He said ni yoru to', you would say 'Kare ga itta koto ni yoru to' (According to what he said).

Yes, it is perfectly fine, though in very casual speech with close friends, people might use simpler forms like '...tte itってた' (was saying that...). However, 'ni yoru to' is never wrong and sounds clear.

You would say 'Tenki yohou ni yoru to' (According to the weather forecast). Just saying 'Tenki ni yoru to' sounds like 'Depending on the weather,' which uses a different meaning of 'yoru'.