評する in 30 Sekunden
- 評する (hyōsuru) means to critically evaluate or judge.
- It implies offering an informed opinion after assessment.
- Used in reviews, academic discussions, and professional critiques.
- Not typically used for casual, everyday opinions.
Understanding 評する (Hyōsuru)
- Core Meaning
- The verb 評する (hyōsuru) fundamentally means to evaluate, judge, or assess something. It carries a nuance of critical examination, implying that the speaker is offering an opinion or critique based on some form of analysis or observation. It's not just a simple description; it involves forming a judgment.
- Contexts of Use
- You'll encounter 評する in various situations where an opinion or evaluation is being given. This can range from literary and artistic critiques to business assessments, performance reviews, and even personal judgments about an event or situation. The key is that an opinion is being formed and expressed.
- Nuance of Criticism
- While not always negative, 評する often implies a degree of critical thinking. When someone 評する a work of art, they are not just saying they liked it; they are likely discussing its merits, its flaws, its techniques, and its impact. In a professional setting, 評する a project might involve pointing out areas for improvement as well as successes.
- Formal vs. Informal
- This verb tends to lean towards more formal or semi-formal contexts. You're more likely to see it in written reviews, academic discussions, or official reports than in casual, everyday conversation. However, in contexts where a thoughtful opinion is expected, it can be used more broadly.
- Related Concepts
- Think of it as similar to 'to critique,' 'to assess,' 'to appraise,' 'to review critically,' or 'to comment on.' It's about forming a considered opinion and articulating it.
批評家はその新しい映画を評するために集まった。
彼の業績は多方面から評された。
Crafting Sentences with 評する
Mastering 評する involves understanding its grammatical structure and the typical objects it takes. It's a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object, which is the thing being evaluated. The particles commonly used are を (o) to mark the direct object and に (ni) or から (kara) to indicate the source or basis of the evaluation.
Basic Sentence Structure
The most straightforward structure is: [Thing being evaluated] + を (o) + 評する (hyōsuru).
- Example 1: Evaluating a Book
- この本は多くの専門家によって高く評されています。
Translation
- This book is highly regarded by many experts.
- Example 2: Criticizing a Performance
- 評論家は彼の演技を批判的に評した。
Translation
- The critic critiqued his acting critically.
Indicating the Basis of Evaluation
Often, the sentence will specify *how* or *from what perspective* something is being evaluated. This can be done using particles like に (ni) or から (kara).
- Example 3: Evaluation Based on Data
- データに基づいて、その計画を慎重に評する必要があります。
Translation
- Based on the data, we need to carefully assess the plan.
- Example 4: Public Opinion
- 国民はその政策を様々な角度から評している。
Translation
- The citizens are commenting on the policy from various angles.
Common Verb Endings
Like most Japanese verbs, 評する can be conjugated into different forms:
- 評する (hyōsuru): Plain form, used in casual speech or writing.
- 評します (hyōshimasu): Polite form, used in polite speech and writing.
- 評された (hyōsareta): Passive past form, meaning 'was evaluated' or 'was critiqued.'
- 評するべき (hyō suru beki): Should be evaluated/critiqued.
- 評する権利 (hyō suru kenri): The right to evaluate/critique.
この小説は文学界でどのように評されているか知りたい。
Real-World Encounters with 評する
While not an everyday word for casual chat, 評する is prevalent in specific domains where evaluation and critique are central. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize and use it effectively.
1. Media and Reviews
- Film, Book, and Music Critiques
- Professional critics writing for newspapers, magazines, or online publications frequently use 評する when discussing new releases. They might say, 「この映画は観客から賛否両論で評されている」 (This movie is being evaluated with mixed reviews from the audience).
- Product Reviews
- Online shopping sites or technology blogs often feature reviews where users or experts 評する products. For example, 「最新のスマートフォンは、その革新性から高く評されている。」 (The latest smartphone is highly regarded for its innovation.)
2. Academia and Research
- Academic Papers and Journals
- In academic settings, researchers 評する existing theories, methodologies, or previous studies. A sentence might read, 「先行研究はその限界について厳しく評されている。」 (Previous research is critically evaluated for its limitations.)
- Presentations and Seminars
- When presenting findings, academics might use this verb to discuss how their work or others' work is perceived. 「この理論は、その実用性から広く評されるだろう。」 (This theory will likely be widely assessed for its practicality.)
3. Business and Professional Settings
- Performance Reviews
- In a corporate environment, managers might 評する an employee's performance or a team's project outcomes. 「上司は部下の貢献を公平に評した。」 (The boss evaluated the subordinate's contribution fairly.)
- Market Analysis
- Business analysts 評する market trends, competitor strategies, or the potential of new ventures. 「アナリストたちは、その会社の将来性を楽観的に評している。」 (Analysts are optimistically assessing the company's future prospects.)
4. Legal and Political Discourse
- Legal Judgments
- In legal contexts, a judge might 評する evidence or arguments presented in court. 「裁判官は提出された証拠を慎重に評した。」 (The judge carefully evaluated the evidence submitted.)
- Political Commentary
- Commentators and analysts 評する government policies, political actions, or election results. 「野党はその政策を国民生活に悪影響を与えると評した。」 (The opposition party criticized the policy as negatively impacting people's lives.)
この新しいアプリは、その使いやすさで多くのユーザーから評されています。
Avoiding Pitfalls with 評する
While 評する is a useful verb for expressing evaluation, learners sometimes misuse it or confuse it with similar words. Here are some common mistakes to watch out for:
1. Overusing it in Casual Conversation
- Mistake
- Using 評する for simple opinions or likes/dislikes in everyday chat.
- Correct Usage
- In casual conversation, verbs like 思う (omou - to think), 感じる (kanjiru - to feel), or even simply stating an opinion (e.g., 「いいね」 - ii ne - 'that's good') are more natural. 評する implies a more considered, often public or formal, judgment.
- Example
- Instead of 「このケーキを評します」 (I will evaluate this cake) when just eating it, you'd say 「このケーキ、美味しいと思う」 (I think this cake is delicious).
2. Confusing with Similar Verbs
- Mistake
- Using 評する when a simple description or statement of fact is needed.
- Correct Usage
- Words like 説明する (setsumei suru - to explain), 描写する (byōsha suru - to describe), or 述べる (noberu - to state) are for different purposes. 評する is specifically about judgment and critique.
- Example
- If you're just describing a painting's colors, you'd use 「色を説明する」 (explain the colors), not 「色を評する」 (evaluate the colors), unless you are analyzing their artistic merit.
3. Incorrect Particle Usage
- Mistake
- Forgetting the direct object marker を (o) or using incorrect particles to indicate the basis of evaluation.
- Correct Usage
- The thing being evaluated is typically marked with を. If you're indicating the criteria or perspective of evaluation, に or から are often used. For instance, 「その功績を高く評価する」 (to highly evaluate that achievement) is correct.
- Example
- Incorrect: 「彼の仕事に評する」 (evaluate his work - missing を). Correct: 「彼の仕事を評する。」 (to evaluate his work.)
4. Assuming it's Always Negative
- Mistake
- Thinking that 評する inherently means to criticize negatively.
- Correct Usage
- While it often implies critical analysis, the evaluation itself can be positive, neutral, or negative. The key is the act of judgment. For example, 「その作品は芸術的に高く評された。」 (That work was highly praised artistically.)
彼はその行動を単に評するのではなく、理由を説明した。
Choosing the Right Word: 評する and Its Relatives
Japanese offers several words for expressing opinions and evaluations. Understanding the nuances of 評する and its similarities and differences with other terms is crucial for precise communication.
1. 評価する (Hyōka suru)
- Meaning
- To evaluate, to assess, to rate, to judge the value of something. This is a very common and broad term.
- Comparison with 評する
- 評価する is more general and often implies assigning a score or a level of worth. 評する tends to be more about offering a critical opinion or commentary, often with more detailed reasoning. You might 評価する a student's test score, but you would 評する their essay for its content and style.
- Example
- 「この製品の品質を高く評価します。」 (I highly rate the quality of this product.) vs. 「この製品の使い勝手を評する。」 (To comment on the usability of this product.)
2. 論評する (Ronpyō suru)
- Meaning
- To comment on, to review, to critique, often in a more formal or analytical way, implying a reasoned discussion.
- Comparison with 評する
- 論評する is very similar to 評する but often emphasizes the '論' (ron - argument, discussion) aspect more strongly. It suggests a more structured and in-depth commentary, perhaps involving debate or analysis of different viewpoints. 評する can be a more direct personal judgment, while 論評する leans towards a reasoned critique.
- Example
- 「その作家は自身の作品について多くを論評した。」 (The author commented extensively on their own work.)
3.批評する (Hihyō suru)
- Meaning
- To criticize, to review, especially in the sense of analyzing merits and demerits, often with a focus on negative aspects or faults.
- Comparison with 評する
- 批評する has a stronger connotation of criticism and analysis of flaws than 評する. While 評する can be a neutral evaluation or even positive, 批評する often implies pointing out weaknesses or problems. However, in some contexts, they can be used interchangeably when referring to critical reviews.
- Example
- 「彼はその映画のストーリー展開を厳しく批評した。」 (He severely criticized the movie's plot development.)
4. 意見を述べる (Iken o noberu)
- Meaning
- To state one's opinion. This is a very general phrase.
- Comparison with 評する
- This is much broader than 評する. Stating an opinion doesn't necessarily involve critical evaluation or analysis. 意見を述べる is about expressing any kind of personal view, while 評する is about a more structured and often informed judgment.
- Example
- 「会議で自分の意見を述べました。」 (I stated my opinion at the meeting.)
この小説は、その独創性から多くの批評家によって評されている。
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
The kanji 評 (hyō) is composed of 言 (gen - word, speech) and 豊 (hō - abundant, rich). This combination suggests that when one speaks abundantly or extensively, they are often forming a judgment or evaluation. It implies a thorough discussion leading to an assessment.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing 'su' too strongly or too long.
- Not using the flap sound for 'ru'.
- Confusing the 'hyo' sound with a simple 'ho' sound.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Understanding 評する in written text requires recognizing its nuance of critical evaluation, which is typically found in more formal or analytical contexts like reviews, essays, or news articles. Learners need to distinguish it from simpler verbs of opinion.
Using 評する correctly in writing involves choosing appropriate contexts and grammatical structures, such as passive forms or adverbial modifiers, to convey the intended meaning of critical assessment accurately.
Speaking with 評する requires confidence and the ability to articulate a reasoned evaluation. It's less common in spontaneous, casual conversation and more suited for prepared speeches, presentations, or discussions where an opinion is expected.
Recognizing 評する in spoken Japanese requires attention to context, as it often appears in formal discussions, media broadcasts, or lectures. Learners need to differentiate it from similar-sounding verbs or phrases.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Passive Voice (受身形 - Ukemi-kei)
この作品は多くの批評家によって高く評されている。 (Kono sakuhin wa ōku no hihyōka ni yotte takaku hyō sarete iru.) This work is highly regarded by many critics.
Causative-Passive Voice (使役受身形 - Shieki Ukemi-kei)
彼はその計画の失敗を評させられた。 (Kare wa sono keikaku no shippai o hyō saserareta.) He was made to evaluate the failure of that plan.
Adverbial Use of Verbs (連用形 - Ren'yōkei)
彼はその問題点を批判的に評した。 (Kare wa sono mondai-ten o hihan-teki ni hyō shita.) He critically evaluated those problematic points.
Using Particles for Basis of Evaluation (～から, ～に基づいて)
データに基づいて、その計画を評する。 (Dēta ni motozuite, sono keikaku o hyō suru.) Evaluate the plan based on the data.
Conditional Forms (～ば, ～たら)
もし評価が良ければ、この方法を評するだろう。 (Moshi hyōka ga yokereba, kono hōhō o hyō suru darō.) If the evaluation is good, they will likely evaluate this method.
Beispiele nach Niveau
この本は多くの専門家によって高く評されています。
This book is highly regarded by many experts.
This sentence uses the passive form of 評する (評されている) to indicate that the book is being evaluated by others.
評論家は彼の演技を批判的に評した。
The critic critiqued his acting critically.
Here, 評した is used in its plain past tense form, followed by the adverb 批判的に (critically) to emphasize the nature of the evaluation.
データに基づいて、その計画を慎重に評する必要があります。
Based on the data, we need to carefully assess the plan.
The phrase 「～する必要があります」 (suru hitsuyō ga arimasu) means 'need to do', indicating an obligation to evaluate.
国民はその政策を様々な角度から評している。
The citizens are commenting on the policy from various angles.
Using the -te iru form (評している) indicates an ongoing action of evaluation by the citizens.
この小説は文学界でどのように評されているか知りたい。
I want to know how this novel is regarded in the literary world.
This sentence uses the passive form '評されている' within a subordinate clause starting with 'どのように' (how).
彼はその行動を単に評するのではなく、理由を説明した。
He didn't just critique the action, but explained the reasons behind it.
This uses the pattern '～のではなく' (no de wa naku) meaning 'not... but...' to contrast simple evaluation with explanation.
この新しいアプリは、その使いやすさで多くのユーザーから評されています。
This new app is being praised by many users for its ease of use.
This sentence uses the passive form '評されています' and indicates the source of the evaluation with 'から'.
その作家は自身の作品について多くを論評した。
The author commented extensively on their own work.
This sentence uses 論評した, which is similar to 評する but emphasizes a reasoned discussion.
批評家はその新しい映画を評するために集まった。
The critics gathered to evaluate the new film.
The phrase 「～するために」 (suru tame ni) indicates purpose: 'in order to evaluate'.
彼の業績は多方面から評された。
His achievements were assessed from various perspectives.
The passive past tense 評された is used here, along with 「多方面から」 (from various aspects/perspectives).
この製品の品質を高く評価します。
I highly rate the quality of this product.
This uses 評価する (hyōka suru), a more general term for evaluation or rating, contrasted with 評する.
彼はその映画のストーリー展開を厳しく批評した。
He severely criticized the movie's plot development.
This uses 批評する (hihyō suru), which carries a stronger sense of criticism than 評する.
会議で自分の意見を述べました。
I stated my opinion at the meeting.
This uses 意見を述べる (iken o noberu), a general phrase for expressing an opinion, which is less specific than 評する.
その功績を高く評価する。
To highly evaluate that achievement.
This shows 評価する used with a direct object marked by を, emphasizing the value assigned.
この小説は、その独創性から多くの批評家によって評されている。
This novel is being evaluated by many critics for its originality.
This sentence combines the passive form 評されている with the reason for evaluation 「～から」 (kara - because of/from).
裁判官は提出された証拠を慎重に評した。
The judge carefully evaluated the evidence submitted.
Here, 評した is used in a formal, legal context, implying a thorough examination of facts.
この詩は、その比喩表現の巧みさから、多くの文学研究者によって高く評されている。
This poem is highly regarded by many literary scholars for the skillful use of its metaphors.
This sentence uses the passive form 評されている and specifies the reason for evaluation with 「～から」, adding detail about the 'skillful use of metaphors'.
専門家たちは、この新しい技術が社会に与える影響を多角的に評するだろう。
Experts will likely evaluate the impact of this new technology on society from multiple angles.
The phrase 「多角的に評する」 (takakuteki ni hyō suru) means 'to evaluate from multiple perspectives,' indicating a comprehensive analysis.
彼の作品は、その斬新なアプローチゆえに、美術界で賛否両論を巻き起こしながらも、最終的には高く評された。
His work, due to its novel approach, was ultimately highly regarded, despite causing mixed reactions in the art world.
This sentence uses 「～ゆえに」 (yue ni) for 'due to' and 「賛否両論を巻き起こしながらも」 (sanpi ryōron o makiokoshi nagara mo) meaning 'while causing mixed reactions', showcasing complex sentence structure.
その企業の経営戦略は、持続可能性の観点から厳しく評されるべきである。
The company's management strategy should be strictly evaluated from the perspective of sustainability.
「～されるべきである」 (sareru beki de aru) means 'should be done', indicating a strong recommendation for evaluation based on a specific viewpoint.
この歴史的建造物は、その建築様式と保存状態の両面から、専門家によって綿密に評された。
This historical building was meticulously evaluated by experts based on both its architectural style and its state of preservation.
「綿密に評された」 (menmitsu ni hyō sareta) means 'was meticulously evaluated', highlighting the thoroughness of the assessment.
批評家は、その文学作品の深遠なテーマと複雑なキャラクター造形を高く評した。
The critic highly praised the profound themes and complex character development of the literary work.
This sentence uses 「高く評した」 (takaku hyō shita) to indicate a positive and high evaluation of specific literary elements.
この演劇は、その革新的な演出と俳優陣の熱演によって、観客から熱狂的に評された。
This play was enthusiastically acclaimed by the audience for its innovative direction and the passionate performances of the cast.
「熱狂的に評された」 (nekkyōteki ni hyō sareta) means 'was enthusiastically acclaimed', showing a strong positive reception.
研究者たちは、その発見が科学界に与えるであろう影響について、様々な角度から評している。
Researchers are evaluating the potential impact of the discovery on the scientific community from various angles.
「～について、様々な角度から評している」 (ni tsuite, samazama na kakudo kara hyō shite iru) means 'are evaluating about... from various angles', indicating an ongoing, multifaceted discussion.
その芸術作品は、時代背景と作家の意図を深く考察した上で、批評家たちによって多層的に評された。
The artwork was evaluated in a multifaceted way by critics after a deep consideration of the historical context and the artist's intentions.
This sentence uses advanced vocabulary and complex sentence structures, including 「～した上で」 (shita ue de - after doing) and 「多層的に評された」 (tasōteki ni hyō sareta - was evaluated in a multilayered way).
現代社会におけるメディアの影響力について、その肯定的な側面と否定的な側面の両方を踏まえて、学識経験者たちは綿密な評を下した。
Regarding the influence of media in modern society, scholars provided a meticulous evaluation, taking into account both its positive and negative aspects.
「～を踏まえて」 (o fumaete) means 'taking into account', and 「綿密な評を下した」 (menmitsu na hyō o kudashita) means 'made a meticulous evaluation', indicating a thorough and nuanced judgment.
この哲学書は、その難解さゆえに読者を選ぶが、思想史におけるその重要性は多くの専門家によって疑いなく評されている。
This philosophical text, though exclusive due to its complexity, is undoubtedly evaluated as important in the history of thought by many specialists.
「～ゆえに」 (yue ni) means 'due to', and 「疑いなく評されている」 (utagai naku hyō sarete iru) means 'is undoubtedly evaluated', conveying a strong consensus.
その企業の持続可能な成長戦略は、短期的な利益だけでなく、長期的な社会的責任の観点からも、独立した評価機関によって厳密に評されるべきである。
The company's sustainable growth strategy should be rigorously evaluated by independent rating agencies, not only from the perspective of short-term profits but also from that of long-term social responsibility.
This sentence uses sophisticated phrasing like 「～だけでなく、～の観点からも」 (dake de naku, ~ no kanten kara mo) and 「厳密に評されるべきである」 (genmitsu ni hyō sareru beki de aru), indicating a call for rigorous and comprehensive evaluation.
この歴史的事件の解釈は、現代に至るまで学術界で活発に評されており、新たな視点が常に模索されている。
The interpretation of this historical event continues to be actively evaluated in academia to this day, with new perspectives constantly being sought.
「活発に評されており」 (kappatsu ni hyō sarete ori) means 'is being actively evaluated', and 「新たな視点が常に模索されている」 (aratana shiten ga tsune ni mosaku sarete iru) means 'new perspectives are constantly being sought', highlighting ongoing critical discourse.
その文学作品に込められた多義的なメッセージは、読者の解釈に委ねられる部分が大きいが、その芸術的価値は普遍的に評されている。
The polysemous messages embedded in the literary work largely depend on the reader's interpretation, but its artistic value is universally acknowledged.
「多義的なメッセージ」 (tagiteki na messēji) means 'polysemous messages', and 「普遍的に評されている」 (fuhenteki ni hyō sarete iru) means 'is universally evaluated/acknowledged', indicating a broad consensus on its artistic merit.
この科学的発見の意義は、その応用可能性だけでなく、基礎科学への貢献という観点からも、専門家コミュニティによって長年にわたり評されてきた。
The significance of this scientific discovery has been evaluated by the scientific community for many years, not only for its application potential but also from the perspective of its contribution to basic science.
「～だけでなく、～という観点からも」 (dake de naku, ~ to iu kanten kara mo) means 'not only... but also from the perspective of...', and 「長年にわたり評されてきた」 (naganen ni watari hyō sarete kita) means 'has been evaluated over many years', showing a long-term critical assessment.
彼の経済政策は、その大胆な改革によって一時的に混乱を招いたものの、長期的な視点で見れば、経済成長の基盤を築いたと高く評されている。
Although his economic policies temporarily caused confusion due to their bold reforms, when viewed from a long-term perspective, they are highly regarded as having laid the foundation for economic growth.
「～ものの」 (mono no) means 'although', and 「～と高く評されている」 (to takaku hyō sarete iru) means 'is highly regarded as...', indicating a nuanced evaluation that acknowledges initial drawbacks but praises long-term outcomes.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— Is highly regarded / highly evaluated.
彼の研究は学界で高く評されている。 (Kare no kenkyū wa gakukai de takaku hyō sarete iru.) His research is highly regarded in academic circles.
— To evaluate strictly / to criticize harshly.
批評家はその映画を厳しく評した。 (Hihyōka wa sono eiga o kibishiku hyō shita.) The critic strictly evaluated the movie.
— To evaluate objectively.
できるだけ客観的に評するように心がけています。 (Dekiru dake kyakkan-teki ni hyō suru yō ni kokorogakete imasu.) I try to evaluate as objectively as possible.
— To evaluate from multiple perspectives.
この問題は多角的に評する必要がある。 (Kono mondai wa takakuteki ni hyō suru hitsuyō ga aru.) This problem needs to be evaluated from multiple perspectives.
— To evaluate from the perspective of ~.
持続可能性の観点からその計画を評する。 (Jizoku kanōsei no kanten kara sono keikaku o hyō suru.) To evaluate the plan from the perspective of sustainability.
— To comment on / to evaluate about ~.
その事件について専門家が評した。 (Sono jiken ni tsuite senmonka ga hyō shita.) An expert evaluated the incident.
— To be evaluated by ~.
この作品は多くの読者によって評されている。 (Kono sakuhin wa ōku no dokusha ni yotte hyō sarete iru.) This work is evaluated by many readers.
— To evaluate as being worthy of ~.
彼はその努力に値すると評された。 (Kare wa sono doryoku ni atai suru to hyō sareta.) He was evaluated as being worthy of that effort.
— To evaluate future prospects.
アナリストは企業の将来性を評した。 (Anarisuto wa kigyō no shōrai-sei o hyō shita.) The analyst evaluated the company's future prospects.
— To evaluate the impact.
その技術革新が社会に与える影響を評する。 (Sono gijutsu kakushin ga shakai ni ataeru eikyō o hyō suru.) To evaluate the impact that technological innovation has on society.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
While both mean 'to evaluate', 評価する is more general and often implies assigning a value or rating, whereas 評する leans towards critical commentary and reasoned judgment.
This verb has a stronger emphasis on criticism and analyzing flaws. 評する can be positive, negative, or neutral, while 批評する often implies a more negative or fault-finding aspect.
This is a general phrase for 'stating an opinion' and lacks the depth of critical evaluation inherent in 評する.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— To be amazed; to be astounded. While not directly related to evaluation, it describes a strong reaction that might follow a critical assessment.
その技術の進歩には舌を巻くばかりだ。 (Sono gijutsu no shinpo ni wa shita o maku bakari da.) I can only be amazed by the progress of that technology.
Informal— To cut with one stroke; to make a decisive judgment or decision. This implies a quick and firm evaluation or judgment.
彼は問題点を一刀両断した。 (Kare wa mondai-ten o ittō ryōdan shita.) He decisively judged the problematic points.
Formal— A snake knows the way of snakes; experts know their own field. This idiom implies that evaluations by true experts are reliable.
この分野については、やはり専門家が一番よく評できる、蛇の道は蛇だ。 (Kono bun'ya ni tsuite wa, yahari senmonka ga ichiban yoku hyō dekiru, hebi no michi wa hebi da.) Regarding this field, experts can indeed evaluate it best; a snake knows the way of snakes.
Informal/Proverbial— To be proud; to feel proud. This describes a feeling that might arise from having one's work or efforts highly evaluated.
彼の作品が国際的に評価され、鼻が高い。 (Kare no sakuhin ga kokusai-teki ni hyōka sare, hana ga takai.) His work was internationally evaluated, and he feels proud.
Informal— Jade and stones mixed together; a mixture of good and bad. This describes a situation where a collection of items needs to be evaluated to distinguish the good from the bad.
この市場には玉石混淆な商品があるから、よく評する必要がある。 (Kono ichiba ni wa gyoku seki konkō na shōhin ga aru kara, yoku hyō suru hitsuyō ga aru.) There are mixed good and bad products in this market, so it's necessary to evaluate them carefully.
Formal— To have a good eye for quality; to be discerning. This describes someone who is good at evaluating things.
彼女は服のセンスが良く、目が高いと言われている。 (Kanojo wa fuku no sensu ga yoku, me ga takai to iwarete iru.) She has good taste in clothes and is said to have a good eye.
Informal— Both praise and criticism; pros and cons. This describes the outcome of an evaluation that is met with mixed reactions.
その政策は賛否両論を呼んだ。 (Sono seisaku wa sanpi ryōron o yonda.) That policy invited both praise and criticism.
Neutral/Formal— Boasting about oneself; blowing one's own trumpet. This is related to evaluation, but specifically when someone evaluates their own work positively.
自分で自分の作品を高く評するのは手前味噌になるかもしれない。 (Jibun de jibun no sakuhin o takaku hyō suru no wa temae miso ni naru kamoshirenai.) Evaluating one's own work highly might be considered boasting.
Informal— One's strong points and one's weak points; pros and cons. This is used when evaluating something that has both advantages and disadvantages.
この計画には一長一短がある。 (Kono keikaku ni wa itchō ittan ga aru.) This plan has its pros and cons.
Neutral/Formal— To return to a blank slate; to start over. This might be the result of a negative evaluation that deems the current plan or work unsatisfactory.
評価が悪かったので、計画を白紙に戻すことになった。 (Hyōka ga warukatta node, keikaku o hakushi ni modosu koto ni natta.) Because the evaluation was poor, it was decided to return the plan to a blank slate.
FormalLeicht verwechselbar
Both verbs involve assessment and judgment.
評価する is broader and focuses on assigning a value or rating. 評する implies a more detailed, critical commentary and analysis.
テストの点数を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>評価する</mark>。 (Tesuto no tensū o <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>hyōka suru</mark>.) - To evaluate the test score. この映画のストーリーを<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>評する</mark>。 (Kono eiga no sutōrī o <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>hyō suru</mark>.) - To critique the movie's story.
Both involve critical examination.
批評する has a stronger connotation of criticism and finding fault. 評する can be positive, negative, or neutral, focusing on reasoned judgment.
彼はその作品を厳しく<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>批評した</mark>。 (Kare wa sono sakuhin o kibishiku <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>hihyō shita</mark>.) - He harshly criticized the work. その作品は芸術的だと<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>評された</mark>。 (Sono sakuhin wa geijutsu-teki da to <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>hyō sareta</mark>.) - The work was evaluated as artistic.
Both involve commentary and critique.
論評する emphasizes reasoned discussion and analysis, often in a formal context. 評する can be a more direct personal judgment or commentary.
専門家がその出来事を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>論評した</mark>。 (Senmonka ga sono dekigoto o <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ronpyō shita</mark>.) - Experts commented on the event. 彼はその芸術作品を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>評した</mark>。 (Kare wa sono geijutsu sakuhin o <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>hyō shita</mark>.) - He evaluated that artwork.
Both are used to express opinions.
コメントする is a loanword from English, generally used for brief remarks or online comments. 評する implies a more formal, structured, and critical evaluation.
SNSでそのニュースについて<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>コメントした</mark>。 (SNS de sono nyūsu ni tsuite <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>komento shita</mark>.) - Commented on the news on SNS. その映画の演出を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>評する</mark>。 (Sono eiga no enshutsu o <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>hyō suru</mark>.) - To evaluate the direction of that movie.
Both involve deep thinking about a subject.
考察する means to consider or examine deeply, often as a prelude to forming an opinion. 評する is the act of forming and expressing that opinion or judgment after consideration.
この問題について深く<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>考察する</mark>必要がある。 (Kono mondai ni tsuite fukaku <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kōsatsu suru</mark> hitsuyō ga aru.) - It is necessary to deeply consider this problem. その結果を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>評する</mark>。 (Sono kekka o <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>hyō suru</mark>.) - To evaluate those results.
Satzmuster
[Object] を 評する
この本を高く評する。 (Kono hon o takaku hyō suru.) To evaluate this book highly.
[Object] は [Basis] から 評される
その作品は革新性から評されている。 (Sono sakuhin wa kakushin-sei kara hyō sarete iru.) That work is being evaluated for its innovation.
[Person] が [Object] を 評する
批評家が映画を評する。 (Hihyōka ga eiga o hyō suru.) The critic evaluates the movie.
[Object] は [Person] によって 評される
その小説は読者によって評されている。 (Sono shōsetsu wa dokusha ni yotte hyō sarete iru.) That novel is evaluated by readers.
[Object] を 批判的に 評する
彼はその計画を批判的に評した。 (Kare wa sono keikaku o hihan-teki ni hyō shita.) He critically evaluated that plan.
[Object] を [Adverb] に 評する
それを客観的に評してください。 (Sore o kyakkan-teki ni hyō shite kudasai.) Please evaluate it objectively.
[Object] は ～と 評される
それは成功作だと評された。 (Sore wa seikō-saku da to hyō sareta.) It was evaluated as a successful work.
～する べき 評
より詳細な評が必要です。 (Yori shōsai na hyō ga hitsuyō desu.) A more detailed evaluation is necessary.
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Verben
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
Medium (more common in specific domains like media, academia, and business)
-
Using 評する for simple preferences.
→
Using 思う (omou) or 感じる (kanjiru) for casual opinions.
評する implies a more considered, analytical judgment, not just a simple like or dislike. For everyday opinions, use simpler verbs.
-
Confusing 評する with 評価する (general rating).
→
Using 評する for critical commentary and 評価する for assigning a value or score.
While both involve evaluation, 評する emphasizes the critical aspect and reasoned judgment, whereas 評価する is broader and can include simple ratings.
-
Forgetting the direct object marker を (o).
→
Always marking the object of evaluation with を, e.g., 本を評する (hon o hyō suru).
評する is a transitive verb, so it requires a direct object marked by を. Omitting it makes the sentence grammatically incorrect.
-
Assuming 評する is always negative criticism.
→
Recognizing that 評する can be positive, negative, or neutral.
The core meaning is critical evaluation, which can lead to praise, criticism, or a balanced assessment. The tone depends on the context and modifiers.
-
Using 評する in overly casual conversation.
→
Using 評する in formal or semi-formal contexts like reviews or professional discussions.
Its formal tone makes it unsuitable for very casual chats. Use simpler expressions for everyday opinions.
Tipps
Understand the Domain
評する is most frequently used in formal or semi-formal contexts like media reviews, academic papers, or professional assessments. Be mindful of the situation; it's less common in casual chat where simpler verbs like 思う (omou) or 感じる (kanjiru) are preferred.
Distinguish from Similar Verbs
Differentiate 評する from 評価する (general evaluation/rating) and 批評する (stronger criticism). 評する implies a reasoned, critical commentary that can be positive, negative, or neutral.
Master Particle Usage
Pay close attention to the particles used with 評する. The object being evaluated is typically marked with を (o), and the basis or criteria for evaluation might be indicated by から (kara) or に基づいて (ni motozuite).
Listen for Context Clues
When you hear 評する, listen for the surrounding words and phrases to understand what is being evaluated and the nature of the evaluation. Is it about a book, a performance, a policy, or a person's work?
Write Your Own Evaluations
Practice using 評する by writing short reviews of movies, books, or even everyday objects. Try to use different adverbs to modify the verb, like 高く (highly) or 厳しく (strictly).
Get the Sounds Right
Practice the pronunciation of 評する, paying attention to the 'hyo' sound and the flap 'r' in 'ru'. Correct pronunciation aids comprehension and makes your own speaking more natural.
Learn Related Terms
Explore synonyms and related words like 評価する, 批評する, and 論評する. Understanding their subtle differences will help you choose the most precise word for your intended meaning.
Utilize the Passive Form
The passive form 評される (hyō sareru - to be evaluated) is very common, especially in reviews and critiques where the focus is on the subject being judged. Practice using this form to describe how things are perceived.
Add Detail with Adverbs
Use adverbs like 高く (highly), 低く (lowly), 厳しく (strictly), 客観的に (objectively), or 批判的に (critically) to add nuance to your evaluations. This makes your commentary more specific and informative.
Consider Politeness
In Japanese, direct criticism can sometimes be softened. Be aware of the context and consider using passive forms or polite language when evaluating sensitive topics or people, especially in formal settings.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of 'Hyo' sounding like 'Hey, yo!' when you're about to give your critical opinion on something. 'Suru' is just 'to do'. So, 'Hey, yo, I'm gonna do a critical evaluation of this!'
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a judge wearing a robe, holding a gavel, and looking at a document with a magnifying glass, intensely scrutinizing it. The gavel represents the judgment, and the magnifying glass represents the critical review.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to find three examples of 評する in news articles or reviews online. For each example, identify what is being evaluated and whether the evaluation is positive, negative, or neutral. Write a short sentence in English summarizing each evaluation.
Wortherkunft
The verb 評する (hyōsuru) is formed from the kanji 評 (hyō) combined with the verb する (suru - to do). The kanji 評 itself has a long history, originating from ancient Chinese characters.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The kanji 評 originally meant 'to judge', 'to discuss', or 'to gather opinions'. It was composed of components that suggested speaking and reaching a consensus or judgment.
Sino-Japanese (derived from Chinese characters and vocabulary)Kultureller Kontext
When using 評する, especially in a critical context, consider the audience and the potential for the evaluation to be perceived as harsh. In many Japanese contexts, politeness and indirectness are valued, so phrasing might be adjusted accordingly, for example, using passive forms or adding softening expressions.
In English-speaking cultures, 'to review', 'to critique', 'to evaluate', and 'to assess' are common terms. The nuance of 'critically' in 評する often aligns with 'critique' or 'critical review' in English, implying an analytical and reasoned judgment rather than just a simple opinion.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Movie/Book Reviews
- この映画は高く評されている。
- 批評家はこの小説を厳しく評した。
- 観客の評価は賛否両論だ。
Academic Papers
- 先行研究を批判的に評する。
- この理論は多角的に評されるべきだ。
- 研究結果を客観的に評した。
Product Evaluations
- 新製品の性能を評する。
- ユーザーはこのアプリを高く評価している。
- そのサービスの改善点を評する。
Performance Appraisals
- 部下の業績を公正に評する。
- 上司は私の貢献を高く評してくれた。
- このプロジェクトの成果を評する。
Artistic Critiques
- この絵画の芸術性を評する。
- その彫刻は革新的だと評された。
- 彼の音楽は独特なスタイルで評されている。
Gesprächseinstiege
"最近見た映画について、どんな風に評しますか？"
"あなたが最近読んだ本で、特に印象に残っているものはありますか？それをどのように評しますか？"
"もしあなたが製品レビューを書くとしたら、何を一番重視して評しますか？"
"ある芸術作品について、賛否両論がある場合、どのように評するのが適切だと思いますか？"
"あなたの仕事や勉強において、自己評価はどのように行っていますか？それを他者からどのように評してもらいたいですか？"
Tagebuch-Impulse
今日学んだことや体験したことについて、批判的な視点から自己評価をしてみましょう。どのような点が良かったか、改善すべき点は何かを具体的に記述してください。
最近、あなたが何かを評価した経験について書き留めましょう。それはどのような状況で、どのような基準で評価しましたか？その評価はどのような結果につながりましたか？
あなたが尊敬する人物や、その人物の業績について、あなた自身の言葉で評価を書いてみましょう。どのような点が優れていると思いますか？
ある社会問題や出来事について、様々な意見がある場合、あなたならどのようにそれを評しますか？客観性と主観性のバランスをどう取りますか？
あなたが将来達成したい目標について、その実現可能性や課題を具体的に評価し、計画を立ててみましょう。どのような困難が予想され、それをどう乗り越えますか？
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenYou should use 評する when you want to emphasize a critical commentary or a reasoned judgment based on analysis, rather than just assigning a value or rating. For instance, when reviewing a book or a film, you might 評する its plot, characters, and themes, whereas you might 評価する a product's price or durability. 評する often implies a more in-depth, qualitative assessment.
No, 評する does not always imply a negative evaluation. While it means to 'critically evaluate', the evaluation itself can be positive, negative, or neutral. The key is the act of forming and expressing a judgment based on assessment. For example, a work of art can be highly 評された for its innovation and beauty.
Generally, 評する is not very common in casual, everyday conversation. It tends to be used in more formal or semi-formal contexts such as reviews, academic discussions, or professional assessments. For casual opinions, verbs like 思う (omou - to think) or expressions like 「いいね」 (ii ne - 'that's good') are more appropriate.
批評する has a stronger connotation of criticism and often focuses on analyzing faults or demerits. While 評する also involves critical evaluation, it can encompass positive or neutral judgments as well. Think of 批評する as 'to criticize' and 評する as 'to critically evaluate' or 'to comment on'.
The object of evaluation is usually marked by the particle を (o). For example, in 「この本を評する」 (Kono hon o hyō suru), 'this book' (この本) is the object being evaluated. Context is also crucial; the surrounding words will often indicate the subject matter being discussed.
You can modify 評する with adverbs to specify the manner of evaluation. Common examples include 高く (takaku - highly), 低く (hikuku - lowly), 厳しく (kibishiku - strictly), 客観的に (kyakkan-teki ni - objectively), and 批判的に (hihan-teki ni - critically). For instance, 「高く評する」 means 'to evaluate highly'.
Yes, 評する can be used to evaluate people, particularly their performance, actions, or character in a specific context. For example, 「彼のリーダーシップを評する」 (Kare no rīdāshippu o hyō suru) means 'to evaluate his leadership'. However, for general personal opinions, other expressions might be preferred to maintain politeness.
The kanji 評 (hyō) itself means 'to judge', 'to critique', or 'to discuss opinions'. When combined with する (suru - to do), it forms the verb 評する, directly conveying the action of making a judgment or critique.
The passive form 評される (hyō sareru) means 'to be evaluated' or 'to be critiqued'. It's used when the focus is on the subject receiving the evaluation, rather than the person doing the evaluating. For example, 「この映画は観客から評されている」 (Kono eiga wa kankyaku kara hyō sarete iru) means 'This movie is being evaluated by the audience'.
Yes, 評する is very common in fields involving critical analysis and commentary, such as literary criticism, film reviews, art critiques, academic peer review, and business performance evaluations. You'll often encounter it in media articles, academic journals, and professional reports.
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Summary
評する (hyōsuru) is a verb used to express a critical evaluation or judgment of something, implying that an opinion is formed after careful assessment. It's common in contexts like reviews, academic discourse, and professional analysis, differentiating it from simple expressions of preference.
- 評する (hyōsuru) means to critically evaluate or judge.
- It implies offering an informed opinion after assessment.
- Used in reviews, academic discussions, and professional critiques.
- Not typically used for casual, everyday opinions.
Understand the Domain
評する is most frequently used in formal or semi-formal contexts like media reviews, academic papers, or professional assessments. Be mindful of the situation; it's less common in casual chat where simpler verbs like 思う (omou) or 感じる (kanjiru) are preferred.
Distinguish from Similar Verbs
Differentiate 評する from 評価する (general evaluation/rating) and 批評する (stronger criticism). 評する implies a reasoned, critical commentary that can be positive, negative, or neutral.
Master Particle Usage
Pay close attention to the particles used with 評する. The object being evaluated is typically marked with を (o), and the basis or criteria for evaluation might be indicated by から (kara) or に基づいて (ni motozuite).
Listen for Context Clues
When you hear 評する, listen for the surrounding words and phrases to understand what is being evaluated and the nature of the evaluation. Is it about a book, a performance, a policy, or a person's work?
Verwandte Inhalte
Dieses Wort in anderen Sprachen
Mehr academic Wörter
絶対的
B2Absolut; losgelöst von jeglicher Beziehung oder Bedingung. Er hat absolutes Vertrauen.
絶対的に
B1In einer absoluten oder bedingungslosen Weise. 'Das ist absolut richtig.'
抽象的だ
B1Abstract; existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
抽象
B2Existierend in Gedanken oder als Idee, aber ohne physische oder konkrete Existenz. Es bezieht sich auf die Verallgemeinerung oder Extraktion des Wesens von etwas, weg von spezifischen Details. (Abstrakte Kunst ist ein typisches Beispiel.)
抽象的に
B1Auf eine abstrakte oder theoretische Weise. Wird für Ideen oder Konzepte verwendet, nicht für physische Dinge.
学術的な
B1Bezieht sich auf ernsthafte universitäre Studien, Forschung oder Wissenschaft; akademisch.
学術的だ
B1Akademisch; wissenschaftlich. Diese Arbeit entspricht akademischen Standards.
学術的
B2Academic; relating to education and scholarship.
学術
B1Akademische Welt, Gelehrsamkeit; bezogen auf wissenschaftliche Bestrebungen.
学力
B1Akademische Fähigkeit bezieht sich auf das Wissen in Schulfächern.
