B1 Connective Endings 16 min read Leicht

Konditional -(으)면: Der „Wenn“- und „Falls“-Verbinder

Nutze -(으)면, um eine Bedingung oder einen Zeitpunkt direkt mit einer logischen Folge zu verknüpfen.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -(으)면 to express 'if' or 'when' by attaching it to the verb or adjective stem.

  • Use -으면 after consonants: 먹다 → 먹으면 (If you eat)
  • Use -면 after vowels: 가다 → 가면 (If you go)
  • Use -면 after ㄹ-final verbs: 살다 → 살면 (If you live)
Verb/Adj Stem + (으)면 = Conditional Clause

Overview

Hast du jemals versucht, mit einem Freund zu verhandeln? „Wenn du das Abendessen zahlst, übernehme ich den Nachtisch.“ Im Koreanischen ist das Zauberwort, das Bedingung und Konsequenz verbindet, -(으)면. Es deckt sowohl „wenn“ (konditional) als auch „sobald/wann“ (zeitlich) ab.
Es ist der ultimative „Ursache & Wirkung“-Verbinder. Du wirst das ständig in K-Dramas hören. Anders als im Deutschen, wo „wenn“ am Satzanfang steht, wird dies im Koreanischen direkt an das Verb angehängt.
Es ist sauber, effizient und überlebenswichtig in Korea.

How This Grammar Works

Stell dir -(으)면 als eine Brücke vor. Auf der einen Seite hast du eine Bedingung. Auf der anderen Seite das Ergebnis.
Sobald du die Brücke überquerst (die Bedingung erfüllst), wird das Ergebnis ausgelöst. Das Koreanische ist hier entspannt; -(으)면 behandelt sowohl das unsichere „Falls ich gehe“ als auch das sichere „Wenn ich gehe“.

Formation Pattern

1
Das Anhängen ist einfach, aber achte auf unregelmäßige Verben.
2
Die Grundregeln:
3
Vokalstämme: Einfach -면 anhängen.
4
* 가다 (gehen) → 가면 (wenn ich gehe)
5
Konsonantenstämme: Füge -으면 hinzu.
6
* 먹다 (essen) → 먹으면 (wenn ich esse)
7
Die -Ausnahme: Wenn der Stamm auf endet, behandle ihn wie einen Vokal. Einfach -면.
8
* 살다 (leben) → 살면

When To Use It

Nutze dies für drei Hauptsituationen:
1. Reine Konditionale (Das „Falls“): Wenn das Ergebnis unsicher ist.
2. Zeitliche Abfolge (Das „Sobald/Wenn“): Für unvermeidbare zukünftige Ereignisse.
3. Allgemeine Wahrheiten: Fakten, die immer wahr sind.

Common Mistakes

1. Die „Vergangenheits“-Falle: Benutze im Wenn-Satz keine Vergangenheitsform für zukünftige Bedingungen.
2. Verwechslung mit -(으)니까: -(으)면 ist für Bedingungen, -(으)니까 für Gründe (weil).

Contrast With Similar Patterns

-(으)면 vs. -(는)다면: Ersteres ist das alltägliche „wenn“. Letzteres ist hypothetisch („wenn rein theoretisch“).
-(으)면 vs. -(을/ㄹ) 때: meint strikt den Zeitpunkt („zu der Zeit, als“), den Auslöser.

Quick FAQ

F: Kann ich das mit der Vergangenheit nutzen? A: Ja, um zu prüfen, ob etwas erledigt ist (했으면 - wenn es getan wurde).
F: Gibt es eine höfliche Form? A: Die Höflichkeit steckt am Satzende, nicht im Verbinder.

Conjugation Rules for -(으)면

Verb/Adj Type Example Stem Result
Vowel Ending
가다
가면
Consonant Ending
먹다
먹으면
ㄹ-Final
살다
살면
Adjective (Vowel)
크다
크면
Adjective (Consonant)
작다
작으면
Past Tense
먹었다
먹었
먹었으면

Common Contractions

Full Form Contraction
~하면
~함
~했으면
~했음

Meanings

This grammar expresses a condition or a hypothetical situation. It is used to link a premise to a result.

1

Hypothetical Condition

Expressing a condition that may or may not happen.

“시간이 있으면 전화해 주세요.”

“공부하면 성적이 오를 거예요.”

2

Temporal 'When'

Expressing a recurring event or a future certainty.

“봄이 오면 꽃이 피어요.”

“학교에 가면 친구를 만나요.”

3

Regret/Wish

Used with -았/었으면 to express a wish.

“돈이 많았으면 좋겠어요.”

“한국에 갔으면 좋았을 텐데.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Konditional -(으)면: Der „Wenn“- und „Falls“-Verbinder
Stamm-Typ Regel Beispiel-Stamm Konjugation
Vokal-Endung
+ 면
자다 (schlafen)
자면
Konsonant-Endung
+ 으면
먹다 (essen)
먹으면
ㄹ-Endung
+ 면 (bleibt gleich)
놀다 (spielen)
놀면
ㄷ-Irregulär
ㄷ → ㄹ + 으면
걷다 (laufen)
걸으면
ㅂ-Irregulär
ㅂ weg + 우면
맵다 (scharf sein)
매우면
ㅅ-Irregulär
ㅅ weg + 으면
짓다 (bauen)
지으면

Formalitätsspektrum

Formell
식사하시면 배가 부르실 겁니다.

식사하시면 배가 부르실 겁니다. (Eating)

Neutral
먹으면 배가 불러요.

먹으면 배가 불러요. (Eating)

Informell
먹으면 배불러.

먹으면 배불러. (Eating)

Umgangssprache
먹으면 배터짐.

먹으면 배터짐. (Eating)

Die -(으)면 Brücke

-(으)면

Bedingungen

  • 비가 오면 Wenn es regnet
  • 시간 있으면 Falls du Zeit hast

Abfolgen

  • 도착하면 Sobald ich ankomme
  • 끝나면 Wenn es fertig ist

Vokal vs. Konsonant

Vokal-Stamm
가다 + 면 가면
보다 + 면 보면
Konsonant-Stamm
먹다 + 으면 먹으면
받다 + 으면 받으면

Konjugations-Check

1

Endet der Stamm auf einen Vokal?

YES
Nimm -면
NO
Prüfe auf ㄹ
2

Endet er auf ㄹ?

YES
Nimm -면
NO
Nimm -으면

Unregelmäßige Muster

👂

ㄷ (d) Wechsel

  • 듣다 → 들으면
  • 걷다 → 걸으면
🔥

ㅂ (b) Wechsel

  • 덥다 → 더우면
  • 춥다 → 추우면
🏗️

ㅅ (s) Wegfall

  • 짓다 → 지으면
  • 낫다 → 나으면

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

먹으면 맛있어요.

If you eat it, it's delicious.

2

가면 전화하세요.

If you go, please call.

3

비가 오면 안 가요.

If it rains, I won't go.

4

시간이 있으면 만나요.

If you have time, let's meet.

1

공부하면 성적이 좋아요.

If you study, your grades are good.

2

돈이 없으면 못 사요.

If you don't have money, you can't buy it.

3

한국에 가면 김치를 먹어요.

When I go to Korea, I eat kimchi.

4

피곤하면 쉬세요.

If you are tired, please rest.

1

더 일찍 왔으면 좋았을 텐데.

I wish you had come earlier.

2

내일 날씨가 좋으면 소풍 갈 거예요.

If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.

3

이 약을 먹으면 금방 나을 거예요.

If you take this medicine, you will get better soon.

4

그 사람이 오면 바로 시작합시다.

When he arrives, let's start immediately.

1

상황이 바뀌면 다시 논의해야 합니다.

If the situation changes, we must discuss it again.

2

노력하지 않으면 성공할 수 없어요.

If you don't put in the effort, you cannot succeed.

3

그 제안을 받아들이면 손해가 클 거예요.

If you accept that proposal, the loss will be significant.

4

모르는 것이 있으면 언제든지 물어보세요.

If there is anything you don't know, ask anytime.

1

만약 그가 진실을 알았더라면 상황은 달라졌을 것이다.

If he had known the truth, the situation would have been different.

2

법을 어기면 처벌을 피할 수 없습니다.

If one violates the law, one cannot avoid punishment.

3

경제적 여건이 허락하면 유학을 가고 싶습니다.

If economic conditions permit, I would like to study abroad.

4

그렇게 말하면 오해를 살 수도 있어요.

If you say it like that, it could cause a misunderstanding.

1

설령 실패하더라도 다시 도전하면 그만이다.

Even if I fail, it is enough to try again.

2

그가 오기만 하면 모든 문제는 해결될 것이다.

As long as he comes, all problems will be solved.

3

역사가 반복된다면 우리는 무엇을 배워야 하는가?

If history repeats itself, what must we learn?

4

그토록 간절히 원했으면 진작 말했어야지.

If you wanted it that badly, you should have said so earlier.

Leicht verwechselbar

Conditional -(으)면: The 'If' and 'When' Connector vs. -을 때

Both can mean 'when'.

Conditional -(으)면: The 'If' and 'When' Connector vs. -다면

Both are conditional.

Conditional -(으)면: The 'If' and 'When' Connector vs. -아/어서

Both link sentences.

Häufige Fehler

가요면

가면

Don't add to the polite form.

먹다면

먹으면

Use the stem, not the dictionary form.

비가 오면 소풍 가요.

비가 오면 소풍 안 가요.

Logic error.

가면 가요.

가면 좋아요.

Repetitive structure.

시간이 있으면 때

시간이 있을 때

Mixing conditional and temporal.

가면 좋겠어요

갔으면 좋겠어요

Need past tense for wishes.

안 가면 안 돼요

가지 않으면 안 돼요

Double negative complexity.

알면 좋았을 텐데

알았으면 좋았을 텐데

Missing past tense for regret.

비가 오면 취소될 것이에요

비가 오면 취소될 거예요

Overly formal future tense.

그것을 하면 안 돼요

그것을 하지 않으면 안 돼요

Nuance of obligation.

만약 가면

만약 간다면

Redundant or missing marker.

했으면 좋겠다

했더라면 좋았을 것을

Missing literary nuance.

가면 갈수록

가면 갈수록 (Correct, but check context)

Idiomatic usage.

Satzmuster

___(으)면 ___(으)세요.

___(으)면 좋겠어요.

___(으)면 ___(으)ㄹ 거예요.

___(으)면 ___(으)ㄹ 텐데.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

도착하면 톡해!

Ordering Food very common

매우면 안 먹어요.

Job Interview common

합격하면 최선을 다하겠습니다.

Travel common

길을 잃으면 물어보세요.

Social Media common

좋아요 누르면 선물 드려요.

Weather App common

비가 오면 우산을 챙기세요.

💡

Der 'Soll ich'-Hack

Fragst du dich, ob du etwas tun sollst? Kombiniere -(으)면 mit 되다: «이거 누르면 돼요?»
⚠️

Nur wenn...

Verwechsle es nicht mit -(아/어)야. -(으)면 ist eine einfache Folge, kein hartes Muss: «공부하면 합격해요.»
💬

Sanfte Bitten

Koreaner nutzen -(으)면, um Bitten höflicher zu formulieren: «물 주시면 감사하겠습니다.»
🎯

Wünsche äußern

Mit der Vergangenheitsform drückst du Wünsche oder Hypothesen aus: «부자였으면 좋겠다.»

Smart Tips

Use past tense + (으)면 좋겠다.

가면 좋겠다. 갔으면 좋겠다.

Use -(으)시면 to show respect.

가면 연락하세요. 가시면 연락하세요.

Always check the dictionary form first.

먹어요면 먹으면

Use -다면 for hypothetical situations.

내일 비가 오면 취소해요. 내일 비가 온다면 취소하겠습니다.

Aussprache

ga-myeon

Linking

The 'm' sound in -면 often links to the next word.

Rising

가면? (If I go?)

Questioning the condition.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Myeon' as 'My-on' (My-on switch). If you flip the switch, the light turns on!

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a light switch. When you touch it (the condition), the light turns on (the result).

Rhyme

If you want to go, just add -면, if you want to eat, add -으면.

Story

Min-su wants to go to the park. He looks at the sky. 'If it is sunny, I will go.' He checks the weather. It is sunny! He goes to the park.

Word Web

가면먹으면있으면없으면좋으면하면

Herausforderung

Write 5 sentences about your plans for the weekend using 'If... then...' structure.

Kulturelle Hinweise

Conditional sentences are used to soften requests or suggestions.

Used to express concern for elders.

Used for making plans.

Derived from the verb 'to be' and conditional markers in Middle Korean.

Gesprächseinstiege

주말에 시간이 있으면 뭐 할 거예요?

비가 많이 오면 어떻게 할 거예요?

만약 복권에 당첨되면 무엇을 사고 싶어요?

한국어를 잘하게 되면 무엇을 하고 싶으세요?

Tagebuch-Impulse

Write about your weekend plans using 'If'.
What would you do if you were a millionaire?
Reflect on a past regret using 'If I had...'.
Discuss a hypothetical change in your career.

Häufige Fehler

Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig

Test Yourself

Fülle die Lücke mit der richtigen Form von 가다 (gehen) aus.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Die Bedingung ist 'Wenn das Wetter gut ist'. Der Hauptsatz braucht ein konjugiertes Verb wie '갈게요' (ich werde gehen).
Welche Konjugation ist für 'Wenn ich esse' korrekt?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
먹다 hat einen Konsonanten am Ende (ㄱ), also brauchst du das '으' als Puffer: 먹으면.
Finde den Fehler beim unregelmäßigen Verb.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
듣다 ist ein ㄷ-Irregulär. Das ㄷ wird vor dem Vokal zu ㄹ, also ist '들으면' die richtige Form.

Score: /3

Ubungsaufgaben

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

시간이 ___ (있다) 전화하세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 있으면
Consonant ending takes -으면.
Choose the correct form. Multiple Choice

가다 + (으)면 = ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가면
Vowel ending takes -면.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

먹어요면 맛있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹으면 맛있어요
Don't use polite form.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

있으면 / 전화 / 시간이 / 주세요

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 시간이 있으면 전화 주세요
Condition comes first.
Translate to Korean. Übersetzung

If it rains, I will stay home.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 비가 오면 집에 있을 거예요
Correct conditional and future tense.
Conjugate the verb. Conjugation Drill

살다 + (으)면

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 살면
ㄹ-final takes -면.
Match the condition to the result. Match Pairs

피곤하면...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 쉬세요
Logical result.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

돈이 많다 + 사고 싶다

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돈이 많으면 사고 싶어요
Correct conditional structure.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Konjugiere 살다 (leben) richtig. Lückentext

한국에 ___ 한국어를 빨리 배울 수 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 살면
Wähle den richtigen Satz für: 'Wenn es heiß ist, schalte den Ventilator ein.' Multiple Choice

Welcher Satz ist grammatikalisch korrekt?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 더우면 선풍기를 켜세요.
Ordne die Bedingung der passenden Folge zu. Match Pairs

Verbinde die logischen Paare:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["\ube44\uac00 \uc624\uba74 : \uc6b0\uc0b0\uc744 \uc4f0\uc138\uc694","\ubc30\uac00 \uace0\ud504\uba74 : \uc2dd\ub2f9\uc5d0 \uac00\uc694","\ub3c8\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba74 : \uc544\ub974\ubc14\uc774\ud2b8\ub97c \ud574\uc694"]
Bringe die Wörter in die richtige Reihenfolge: 'Wenn man fleißig lernt, ist die Prüfung einfach.' Sentence Reorder

열심히 / 시험이 / 공부하면 / 쉬워요

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 열심히 공부하면 시험이 쉬워요
Konjugiere 짓다 (bauen) richtig. Lückentext

집을 새로 ___ 돈이 많이 들어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 지으면
Korrigiere den Fehler in diesem Satz. Error Correction

서울에 도착할 때 전화해.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 서울에 도착하면 전화해.
Übersetze '창문을 열면 추워요.' ins Englische. Übersetzung

창문을 열면 추워요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If you open the window, it is cold.
Vervollständige den Satz: 'Wenn ich Kaffee trinke...' Lückentext

커피를 ___ 잠이 안 와요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 마시면
Welcher Satz drückt ein hypothetisches 'Wenn ich ein Vogel wäre' aus? Multiple Choice

Was klingt hypothetischer/träumender?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 내가 새라면
Korrigiere die Zeitform. Error Correction

내일 비가 왔으면 안 갈 거예요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 내일 비가 오면 안 갈 거예요.
Ordne das unregelmäßige Verb seiner Konjugation zu. Match Pairs

Unregelmäßige Konjugationen:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["\ub3d5\ub2e4 (helfen) : \ub3c4\uc6b0\uba74","\uac77\ub2e4 (laufen) : \uac78\uc73c\uba74","\ub0ab\ub2e4 (heilen) : \ub098\uc73c\uba74"]
Nutze die negative Bedingung. Lückentext

숙제를 안 ___ 선생님이 화내요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하면

Score: /12

FAQ (8)

No, it attaches to verbs/adjectives. For nouns, use -(이)라면.

It can also mean 'when' for habitual actions.

It depends on the final sound of the stem to ensure easy pronunciation.

Yes, attach it to the past tense stem (e.g., 갔으면).

-(으)면 is for conditions, -을 때 is for specific time points.

Yes, it is used in all speech levels.

Treat it like a vowel and add -면.

Yes, use '안' or '-지 않으면'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English high

If/When

Korean merges 'if' and 'when' into one particle.

Spanish moderate

Si

Spanish requires complex tense matching.

German high

Wenn

German word order changes after 'wenn'.

Japanese high

~ば / ~たら

Japanese has more conditional nuance markers.

Chinese moderate

如果

Korean is agglutinative, Chinese is isolating.

Arabic moderate

إذا

Arabic uses a separate word.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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