A2 verb #2,500 رایج‌ترین 5 دقیقه مطالعه

届く

It means something has arrived or reached its destination.

todoku رتبه 2,500

Explanation at your level:

Hello! Today we're learning the word 届く (todoku). It's a verb, and it means 'to arrive' or 'to reach'. Imagine you send a drawing to your grandma. When she gets it, the drawing has 届いた (todoita - arrived)! It's like when your toy car finally gets to your house after a long trip. It means something made it to the place it needed to go. We use it for things like letters, packages, or even a nice smell coming to you. It’s a simple word for something arriving safely!

Let's talk about 届く (todoku). This verb means 'to arrive' or 'to reach'. You use it when something successfully gets to its destination. For example, if you order something online, you wait for the package. When it finally arrives at your door, you can say 「荷物が届いた」(nimotsu ga todoita) – 'The package arrived'. It's also used when a message or a feeling reaches someone. For instance, if your friend sends you a nice message, you can say 「メッセージが届いた」(messēji ga todoita) – 'The message arrived'. It’s a very common verb for successful delivery.

The Japanese verb 届く (todoku) is essential for talking about arrivals and deliveries. It signifies that something has successfully reached its intended destination. This applies to physical items like mail and packages (e.g., 「手紙が届きました」- tegami ga todokimashita - 'The letter has arrived'), but also extends to more abstract things like information or even emotions. For example, a heartfelt apology might todoku to someone's heart, meaning it's received and understood. It's a neutral verb, suitable for most everyday conversations and writing. Pay attention to the particle が (ga) which usually marks the subject that is arriving.

届く (todoku) is a fundamental Japanese verb meaning 'to reach' or 'to arrive', signifying the successful completion of a journey to a destination. While commonly used for physical deliveries like packages (「注文した品物が届いた」- chūmon shita shinamono ga todoita - 'The items I ordered have arrived'), its usage extends metaphorically. It can describe a message being received, a plea being heard, or even a wish being granted (「願いが届く」- negai ga todoku). Understanding the nuance between literal and figurative use is key. For instance, 声が届く (koe ga todoku) can mean a voice is literally heard, or metaphorically, that one's opinion is acknowledged. It's a versatile verb for expressing successful arrival in various contexts.

The verb 届く (todoku) encapsulates the concept of successful arrival or attainment. Its core meaning relates to the physical delivery of objects, such as mail or goods (「請求書が届いた」- seikyūsho ga todoita - 'The invoice arrived'). However, 届く possesses significant figurative depth. It can denote the reception of abstract concepts like information, warnings, or even emotional resonance (「感動が心に届く」- kandō ga kokoro ni todoku - 'The emotion reached my heart'). The idiom 手が届く (te ga todoku), meaning 'to be within reach' or 'affordable', highlights its extension to concepts of accessibility. Mastery involves recognizing its application in contexts ranging from mundane deliveries to profound emotional or aspirational achievements, differentiating it from simpler verbs of 'receiving'.

届く (todoku), an intransitive verb, signifies the successful culmination of a trajectory, whether physical or abstract. Its etymological roots point towards a notion of extension leading to contact. While its primary denotation involves the arrival of tangible items (e.g., 「賞品が届く」- shōhin ga todoku - 'The prize arrives'), its semantic field is rich with metaphorical extensions. It encompasses the reception of intangible communications (「警告が届く」- keikoku ga todoku - 'A warning is received'), the fulfillment of aspirations (「長年の夢が届いた」- naganen no yume ga todoita - 'The long-cherished dream was realized'), and even the penetration of sensory stimuli (「香りが届く」- kaori ga todoku - 'The fragrance reaches'). Understanding 届く requires appreciating its capacity to convey not just arrival, but also the successful transmission and reception across a perceived or actual distance, often implying a degree of effort or desire involved in that transmission.

واژه در 30 ثانیه

Verb meaning 'to arrive' or 'to reach'.
Used for physical deliveries (mail, packages) and abstract concepts (messages, wishes).
Commonly paired with the particle が (ga) to mark the arriving item.
Has figurative uses like 'a wish coming true' or 'being within reach'.

Hey there! Let's dive into the wonderful Japanese verb 届く (todoku). It's a super useful word that basically means 'to reach' or 'to arrive'. Think of it as the moment something successfully gets from point A to point B, whether that's a physical object like a package or something more abstract like a feeling or a message. It's all about completion and successful delivery!

When you use 届く, you're emphasizing that the action of reaching has been completed. It's not just about the journey, but the successful end of that journey. So, whether it's the mailman bringing your letters, a scent wafting to your nose, or even a heartfelt wish finally being understood, 届く covers it all. It brings a sense of finality and accomplishment to the act of arriving.

We often use 届く with particles like が (ga) or は (wa) to mark the thing that is arriving. For example, 「手紙が届いた」(tegami ga todoita) means 'The letter arrived'. It’s a common verb you’ll encounter frequently in everyday Japanese, so getting a good grasp of it will really boost your understanding!

The verb 届く (todoku) has a fascinating origin that traces back through the history of the Japanese language. Its roots can be found in older forms of Japanese, and its meaning has remained remarkably consistent over time. The core idea is always about something arriving or reaching a destination.

Historically, 届く likely developed from a more general sense of 'to extend' or 'to spread out'. Imagine a hand reaching out to touch something, or a sound spreading through the air – the verb captures that sense of extension leading to contact or arrival. Over centuries, it became more specifically associated with the successful delivery of items or the attainment of a goal.

Interestingly, the kanji character 届 itself is thought to be a phonetic borrowing or a character with a meaning that evolved to fit the verb. Its structure might suggest something being brought or delivered. While direct etymological links to other languages are rare for core Japanese verbs like this, its consistent meaning highlights a fundamental human concept: the successful completion of a journey or the arrival of something desired or expected. It's a testament to how language evolves to describe essential actions and experiences.

届く (todoku) is a versatile verb used in a wide range of situations, both literal and figurative. In its most common usage, it refers to the arrival of physical items. Think about receiving mail, packages, or gifts. For instance, 「プレゼントが届いた」(purezento ga todoita) means 'The present arrived'. It’s the standard way to say something has been delivered successfully.

Beyond physical objects, 届く can also describe the arrival of information or messages. A phone call, an email, or even a warning can be said to todoku. For example, 「連絡が届きました」(renraku ga todokimashita) means 'I received contact' or 'The communication has arrived'. This usage extends to more abstract concepts, like a message of encouragement reaching someone's heart or a plea being heard.

When it comes to formality, 届く is generally neutral and can be used in most contexts, from casual conversations to more formal writing. However, in very formal business settings, you might sometimes see verbs like 受領する (juryō suru), which specifically means 'to receive' (often official documents). But for everyday purposes, 届く is your go-to verb. Common collocations include: 荷物が届く (nimotsu ga todoku) - luggage arrives, 声が届く (koe ga todoku) - voice reaches, 願いが届く (negai ga todoku) - wish comes true.

While 届く (todoku) itself is quite direct, it features in expressions that paint vivid pictures:

声が届く (koe ga todoku): Literally 'voice reaches'. This idiom means that one's voice, plea, or message is heard and understood, often implying that it has had an effect or been acknowledged. Example: 「僕の声が彼女に届いてほしい。」(Boku no koe ga kanojo ni todoite hoshii.) - I want my voice to reach her.
願いが届く (negai ga todoku): Literally 'wish reaches'. This is used when a wish or prayer is granted or fulfilled. It implies that the universe, a deity, or fate has responded positively. Example: 「神様、私の願いが届きますように。」(Kamisama, watashi no negai ga todokimasu yō ni.) - God, please let my wish be granted.
手が届く (te ga todoku): Literally 'hand reaches'. This can mean physically reaching something out of reach, but more commonly it refers to something being attainable, affordable, or within one's grasp (financially or metaphorically). Example: 「この価格なら手が届く。」(Kono kakaku nara te ga todoku.) - If it's this price, it's within reach.
心に届く (kokoro ni todoku): Literally 'reaches the heart'. This signifies that something (like a story, music, or a kind gesture) deeply touches someone emotionally or resonates with them. Example: 「彼の演奏は聴衆の心に届いた。」(Kare no ensō wa chōshū no kokoro ni todoita.) - His performance reached the audience's hearts.
恩恵が届く (onkei ga todoku): Literally 'blessing/grace reaches'. This refers to the benefits or positive effects of something extending to people or a community. Example: 「その政策の恩恵が広く届いている。」(Sono seisaku no onkei ga hiroku todoite iru.) - The benefits of that policy are reaching widely.

Pronunciation: The standard pronunciation of 届く is to-do-ku. In Japanese, each kana character generally represents a single syllable with a consistent sound. The stress pattern is relatively flat, unlike in English. The IPA transcription is /to̞do̞kɯ̹/. It rhymes with words like つく (tsuku) and ぬく (nuku), though the vowel sounds are distinct.

Grammar: 届く (todoku) is an intransitive verb, meaning it doesn't take a direct object. Instead, the thing that arrives is typically marked with the particle が (ga) or sometimes は (wa). For example, 「荷物が届く」(nimotsu ga todoku) - 'The package arrives'. It conjugates like other godan (Group 1) verbs. The past tense is 届いた (todoita), the te-form is 届いて (todoite), and the potential form is 届く (todoku) (which can be confusing, but context clarifies it means 'can reach').

Common Pronunciation Errors: Learners sometimes struggle with the final 'u' sound (/ɯ̹/), which is unrounded and can sound different from English 'oo'. Also, ensuring the syllables are distinct and not slurred together is key. Avoid stressing one syllable too heavily.

Fun Fact

The kanji 届 is composed of 尸 (corpse/body, representing a structure or boundary) and 矢 (arrow), suggesting something being sent or arriving swiftly across a boundary.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /təʊdəʊk/

Sounds like 'toe-doe-koo', with a clear separation between syllables.

US /toʊdoʊk/

Similar to UK, with a slight emphasis on the 'o' sounds.

Common Errors

Pronouncing the final 'u' like an English 'oo'. It's more of a neutral vowel sound.
Adding unnecessary stress to one syllable instead of a flatter intonation.
Slurring the syllables together instead of pronouncing them distinctly.

Rhymes With

つく (tsuku) ぬく (nuku) はく (haku) しくしく (shikushiku) しくしく (shikushiku)

Difficulty Rating

خواندن 2/5

Easy to recognize, common usage.

Writing 2/5

Straightforward conjugation, but figurative use requires practice.

Speaking 2/5

Common verb, easy to pronounce.

شنیدن 2/5

Frequently heard in daily conversations.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

来る (kuru) 行く (iku) です (desu) ます (masu) が (ga) particle

Learn Next

届ける (todokeru) 着く (tsuku) 達する (tassuru) 通じる (tsūjiru)

پیشرفته

受領する (juryō suru) 到達する (tōtatsu suru) 浸透する (shintō suru)

Grammar to Know

Intransitive vs. Transitive Verbs

荷物が届く (intransitive) vs. 荷物を届ける (transitive)

Particles が and は

荷物が届く vs. 荷物は届く

Te-form Conjugation

届く -> 届いて

Potential Form

届く (can reach)