این صفحه به زبان شما

English

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

A1 noun #3,596 پرکاربردترین 8 دقیقه مطالعه

境界

kyōkai رتبه 3,596

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 境界 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 境界 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should think of 'kyoukai' (境界) as a simple word for a 'line' or 'border' that separates two places. Imagine a line between your desk and your friend's desk—that is a boundary. You might see this word in very simple contexts, such as pointing at a map or a drawing. Even though it is a slightly advanced kanji word, the concept is easy: it is where one thing stops and another begins. For example, 'The boundary of the park' or 'The boundary of the room.' At this stage, focus on the idea of a physical line that divides space. You don't need to worry about the abstract meanings yet. Just remember that 'kyoukai' is the formal way to say 'the place where things are divided.' If you are playing a game and there is a line you cannot cross, that is a 'kyoukai.' It is a useful word for understanding basic spatial relationships in Japanese.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'kyoukai' to describe more specific physical areas, like the border between your garden and your neighbor's garden. You will encounter it in simple news stories or community notices. For instance, a sign might say 'Do not cross this boundary.' You should also begin to understand the common phrase 'A and B no kyoukai' (the boundary between A and B). This is a very useful pattern. You might use it to describe where a forest ends and a field begins, or where a city ends and the countryside starts. At this level, you are moving beyond simple lines to understanding how 'kyoukai' defines property and territory. You should also be able to distinguish it from 'sakai,' which is a more casual word for the same thing. If you are talking to a teacher or writing a simple report, 'kyoukai' is the better, more polite choice.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'kyoukai' in both physical and abstract contexts. This is the stage where you start talking about 'work-life balance'—in Japanese, the 'kyoukai' between work (shigoto) and private life (puraibeeto). You will hear people talk about how this boundary is 'aimai' (vague) because of smartphones and remote work. You should also be able to use the word in more complex sentences, such as 'It is difficult to draw a boundary between these two ideas.' You will see 'kyoukai' in textbooks about society, geography, and basic psychology. Understanding the nuances of how 'kyoukai' is used to define personal space and social groups (in-group vs. out-group) is key at this level. You should also be able to use related terms like 'kyoukai-sen' (boundary line) to describe specific rules or regulations that divide different categories of things.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B2 level, 'kyoukai' becomes a tool for nuanced discussion and debate. You will encounter it in academic papers, business contracts, and literature. You should be able to discuss the 'kyoukai' between different genres of art, the legal boundaries of intellectual property, or the biological boundaries of cell membranes. At this level, you are expected to understand the philosophical implications of the word—how boundaries define our identity and how crossing them can be a metaphor for growth or transgression. You will also see 'kyoukai' used in technical contexts, such as 'system boundaries' in engineering or 'jurisdictional boundaries' in law. You should be able to use the word fluately in sentences like 'The boundary between genius and madness is thin,' or 'We need to clearly define the boundaries of this project to avoid confusion.' Your understanding of the word should now include its ability to represent thresholds and interfaces.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C1 level, your understanding of 'kyoukai' should be deep and multifaceted. You will encounter the word in high-level literature and philosophical texts where it is used to explore the 'liminal' spaces of human existence. You should be able to discuss the 'kyoukai' between the conscious and unconscious mind, or the shifting boundaries of national identity in a globalized world. At this level, you should also be aware of the historical and religious connotations of 'kyoukai' in Japan, such as the 'border' between the sacred (hare) and the profane (ke). You can use the word to describe complex social phenomena, like the 'boundary work' people do to maintain their professional status. You should be able to recognize and use idiomatic expressions and formal collocations involving 'kyoukai' with ease, and be able to explain the subtle differences between 'kyoukai,' 'genkai,' and other related terms in a sophisticated manner.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 'kyoukai' and can use it with the same precision as a native speaker in any context—legal, scientific, poetic, or philosophical. You can appreciate the word's use in avant-garde cinema or complex legal disputes where the definition of a 'boundary' is the central point of contention. You should be able to use the word to articulate extremely subtle distinctions, such as the boundary between different linguistic registers or the ephemeral boundary of a fleeting emotion. Your usage should reflect an understanding of how 'kyoukai' functions as a structural element in Japanese thought, defining the relationship between the self and the world. You are capable of using 'kyoukai' to construct complex metaphors and can engage in high-level academic discourse regarding the 'politics of boundaries' or 'boundary-spanning' in organizational theory. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item, but a conceptual tool in your linguistic repertoire.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

境界 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Kyoukai means boundary or border, used for both physical lines like fences and abstract limits like work-life balance.
It is a formal word (on-yomi), sounding more professional and precise than the casual native word 'sakai'.
Commonly used in the pattern 'A to B no kyoukai' to define the dividing line between two distinct things.
Essential in psychology for 'personal boundaries' and in law/science for defining territories and system interfaces.

The Japanese word 境界 (kyoukai) is a fundamental noun that translates to "boundary," "border," or "limit." At its core, it describes a line—whether physical, conceptual, or psychological—that separates one entity, state, or space from another. In a physical sense, it is used to describe the fence between two neighbors or the geographical line between two prefectures. Conceptually, it is used to discuss the often-blurred lines between work and leisure, or the psychological space between individuals. Understanding kyoukai is essential for navigating Japanese social dynamics, where the distinction between 'inside' (uchi) and 'outside' (soto) is a cornerstone of cultural interaction.

Physical Boundary: This refers to tangible limits like walls, rivers, or marked lines on a map that designate property or territory.

この川が二つの町の境界になっています。 (This river serves as the boundary between the two towns.)

Beyond the physical, kyoukai is frequently used in abstract contexts. In psychology, it refers to the personal boundaries one sets to maintain mental health and privacy. In science, it might describe the interface between two different chemical phases. The word implies a point of transition, a threshold where the characteristics of one side end and the other begins. It is a more formal and technical term than the simpler word sakai (境), which is often used in casual conversation.

Abstract Division: This usage covers the separation of concepts, such as the boundary between life and death, or dream and reality.

公私の境界をはっきりさせることが大切です。 (It is important to clarify the boundary between public and private life.)

Historically, the concept of boundaries in Japan has deep religious and folklore roots. Many shrines are built at 'boundaries'—mountain passes, riverbanks, or the edge of villages—to protect against malevolent spirits crossing from the 'other world.' Thus, kyoukai carries a weight of significance that transcends simple measurement; it is about the definition of space and identity. Whether you are talking about a property dispute or a philosophical debate, kyoukai provides the necessary vocabulary to define the limits of existence.

Using 境界 (kyoukai) correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and how it interacts with particles and other nouns. Most commonly, it appears in the structure [A]と[B]の境界 (the boundary between A and B). This structure is versatile, allowing for both physical objects (like mountains) and abstract ideas (like genres of music). Because it is a formal noun, it is often paired with verbs like sadameru (to define/establish), koeru (to cross), or aimai ni suru (to make vague).

Defining Limits: When establishing where something ends, use 'kyoukai o sadameru' or 'kyoukai o hiku' (to draw a boundary).

土地の境界を定めるために測量を行いました。 (We conducted a survey to define the boundary of the land.)

In psychological or social contexts, you will often hear about 'personal boundaries.' In Japanese, this is frequently expressed as kyoukai-sen (boundary line), but kyoukai alone suffices. When someone oversteps, you use the verb okasu (to violate) or koeru (to cross). This is particularly common in discussions about work-life balance, where the 'kyoukai' between professional responsibilities and personal time is often discussed as being 'aimai' (vague or blurred).

Crossing Boundaries: To describe moving past a limit, use 'kyoukai o koeru'. This can be literal or figurative.

彼はついに天才と狂気の境界を越えてしまった。 (He finally crossed the boundary between genius and insanity.)

Furthermore, kyoukai is used in technical fields. In computer science, an 'API boundary' or 'system boundary' is referred to as shisutemu no kyoukai. In these contexts, the word emphasizes the interface where data or control is handed off. Whether you are a lawyer defining property lines or a software engineer defining module limits, the grammatical structure remains consistent: identify the two sides and place kyoukai in the middle to represent the dividing line.

While 境界 (kyoukai) might seem like a formal dictionary word, it is pervasive in contemporary Japanese life, particularly in media, professional environments, and academic discussions. You will hear it on the news during reports on territorial disputes (though kokkyou is used for national borders, kyoukai is used for general territorial limits). It is also a favorite term in Japanese philosophy and literature, where authors explore the 'ma' (space) and the 'kyoukai' between different worlds or states of being.

News and Law: In reports about real estate, property disputes, or regional administration, 'kyoukai' is the standard term for legal divisions.

隣人との土地の境界についてトラブルになっています。 (There is trouble regarding the boundary of the land with the neighbor.)

In the realm of pop culture, particularly anime and manga, kyoukai is frequently used in titles and plot points. It often refers to the barrier between the human world and the spirit world. Fans of the series Kyoukai no Kanata (Beyond the Boundary) will recognize this immediately. In these contexts, the word takes on a mystical quality, representing a thin veil that characters must guard or cross. This usage reinforces the idea of kyoukai as a threshold to the unknown.

Psychology and Self-Help: Modern Japanese discourse on mental health uses 'kyoukai' to describe healthy personal limits and the prevention of burnout.

自分と他人の境界を意識することが大切です。 (It is important to be conscious of the boundary between yourself and others.)

Lastly, in scientific and technical fields, kyoukai is used for physical interfaces. For example, in fluid dynamics, the 'boundary layer' is called kyoukai-sou. In weather forecasting, the boundary between different air masses is discussed. Because the word is so precise, it is the go-to term whenever a clear distinction needs to be made between two distinct zones or categories. From the mundane reality of a garden fence to the complex layers of the human psyche, kyoukai is the word that defines the world's divisions.

A common pitfall for English speakers learning 境界 (kyoukai) is confusing it with other words that also translate to "limit" or "border." The most frequent confusion is with genkai (限界). While both deal with limits, genkai refers to the maximum capacity or the point beyond which something cannot function (e.g., "I've reached my limit!"), whereas kyoukai is the dividing line between two things. You cannot use kyoukai to say you are tired and can't run anymore; that is strictly genkai.

Kyoukai vs. Genkai: Kyoukai is a separator (A | B); Genkai is a capacity cap (Progress -> [STOP]).

❌ 能力の境界に達した。
✅ 能力の限界に達した。 (Reached the limit of my ability.)

Another common mistake is using kyoukai when kokkyou (国境) is more appropriate. While kyoukai can technically mean a border, when referring specifically to the border between two nations, kokkyou is the standard term. Using kyoukai for a national border sounds unnatural and overly abstract, like you are talking about the philosophical concept of a nation rather than the actual checkpoint you are standing at.

Kyoukai vs. Sakai: Sakai (境) is the more casual, native Japanese word (kun-yomi). Kyoukai is the formal, Chinese-derived word (on-yomi).

生と死の境をさまよう。 (Wandering the border between life and death - common in stories.)

Finally, watch out for the homophone kyoukai (教会), which means "church." While written with different kanji, they sound identical. Context usually prevents confusion, but if you are talking about the "boundary of the church," you might find yourself in a linguistic tongue-twister: kyoukai no kyoukai. In writing, always ensure you use the kanji 境界 for boundary and 教会 for church to avoid significant misunderstandings in formal documents or text messages.

To truly master 境界 (kyoukai), it helps to see it alongside its synonyms and related terms. Each has a slightly different nuance that makes it suitable for specific situations. The most direct synonym is sakai (境). While kyoukai is often used in official maps or psychological theory, sakai is the word you'd use when pointing at a line in the dirt or talking about where your yard ends. It feels more grounded and everyday.

境 (Sakai): The kun-yomi version. Used for physical borders in casual speech or poetic expressions like 'sakai-me' (seam/borderline).
境界線 (Kyoukai-sen): Literally 'boundary line.' This is used when the emphasis is on the specific line itself, rather than the general concept of the division.

ノートに境界線を引きました。 (I drew a boundary line in the notebook.)

Another related term is shikiri (仕切り). This refers to a physical partition or divider, like a screen in a room or a divider in a bento box. While kyoukai is an abstract concept of division, shikiri is the physical object that creates the division. If you want to separate two areas of a room, you use a shikiri to create a kyoukai. In a business context, shikiri can also mean managing or overseeing a project, which is a completely different meaning.

限界 (Genkai): Limit/Threshold. Used for capacity, endurance, or the utmost extent of something's power.
端 (Hashi / En): Edge or margin. While a boundary is a line between two things, an edge is the very end of one thing.

彼は限界まで頑張った。 (He worked hard until his limit.)

In summary, choose kyoukai for formal or abstract divisions, sakai for everyday physical borders, kyoukai-sen when referring to the line itself, and genkai when discussing the maximum capacity of a person or object. By distinguishing these terms, your Japanese will sound more nuanced and professional, reflecting a deep understanding of how things are separated and defined in the Japanese language.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In ancient Japan, boundaries were often seen as spiritual places where the gods (kami) resided or where spirits could enter the human world. This is why many shrines are found at 'kyoukai' locations.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK kjoʊkaɪ

US kjoʊkaɪ

The pitch accent is typically 'Atamadaka' (Type 1), meaning the first syllable 'kyo' is high and the rest are low: KYO-ukai.

هم‌قافیه با

Shoukai (Introduction) Koukai (Regret/Open sea) Houkai (Collapse) Joukai (Upper world) Shoukai (Small group) Byoukai (World of illness) Choukai (Disciplinary action) Goukai (Exciting/Grand)

خطاهای رایج

Confusing the pitch accent with 'kyoukai' (church), which has a different accent pattern in some dialects.
Pronouncing 'kyo' as two distinct syllables 'ki-yo' instead of a single contracted sound.
Shortening the long 'u' sound, making it sound like 'kyokai'.
Misreading the kanji as 'keikai' (caution).
Using the English 'r' sound if trying to transliterate phonetically.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The kanji are common but require practice to recognize quickly.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing '境' can be tricky due to the number of strokes.

صحبت کردن 2/5

The pronunciation is straightforward.

گوش دادن 3/5

Can be confused with 'kyoukai' (church) if not careful with context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

線 (Line) 間 (Between) 場所 (Place) 国 (Country) 決める (To decide)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

限界 (Limit) 範囲 (Range) 領域 (Domain) 定義 (Definition) 区分 (Division)

پیشرفته

分水嶺 (Watershed) 不可侵 (Inviolable) 地平 (Horizon) 峻別 (Strict distinction) 帰属 (Belonging)

گرامر لازم

AとBの境界

海と空の境界線が見える。

Noun + にある境界

心の中にある境界を壊す。

Verb (Dictionary form) + 境界

許せるか許せないかの境界。

Kyoukai + を + Verb

境界を定めることが先決だ。

Kyoukai + が + Adjective

境界がはっきりしている。

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

ここが公園の境界です。

This is the boundary of the park.

Simple [Noun] no [Noun] structure.

境界に線を引きます。

I will draw a line on the boundary.

Using 'ni' to indicate the location of the action.

境界はどこですか？

Where is the boundary?

Standard question format.

机の境界を守ってください。

Please respect the boundary of the desk.

Using 'o mamoru' (to protect/respect).

これは私の境界です。

This is my boundary.

Possessive 'watashi no'.

境界に木があります。

There is a tree on the boundary.

Existence sentence with 'ga arimasu'.

境界を越えないでください。

Please do not cross the boundary.

Negative request 'nai de kudasai'.

境界がわかりません。

I don't know where the boundary is.

Verb 'wakarimasen' with subject 'ga'.

隣の家との境界に塀を立てました。

We built a fence on the boundary with the neighboring house.

Using 'to no' to show the relationship between two entities.

川が二つの村の境界になっています。

The river serves as the boundary between the two villages.

Using 'ni natte iru' to describe a current state.

境界線をはっきりさせましょう。

Let's make the boundary line clear.

Hakkiri saseru (to make clear).

この線が境界の印です。

This line is the mark of the boundary.

Noun 'shirushi' (mark/sign).

境界を越えて歩きました。

I walked across the boundary.

Verb 'koeru' (to cross).

地図で境界を確認します。

I will check the boundary on the map.

Verb 'kakunin suru' (to confirm/check).

境界付近は危ないです。

The area near the boundary is dangerous.

Noun 'fukin' (vicinity/nearby area).

境界を決めるのは難しいです。

Deciding the boundary is difficult.

Gerund 'no wa' to make the verb phrase a subject.

仕事とプライベートの境界が曖昧になっています。

The boundary between work and private life is becoming blurred.

Adjective 'aimai' (vague/blurred).

自分と他人の境界を大切にすべきです。

You should value the boundary between yourself and others.

Auxiliary 'beki' (should).

この映画は現実と夢の境界を描いています。

This movie depicts the boundary between reality and dreams.

Verb 'egaku' (to depict/draw).

境界を意識して行動してください。

Please act while being conscious of the boundaries.

Verb 'ishiki suru' (to be conscious of).

新しいシステムとの境界を定義します。

We will define the boundary with the new system.

Verb 'teigi suru' (to define).

境界を越える勇気が必要です。

Courage to cross the boundary is necessary.

Noun 'yuuki' (courage).

彼は境界を守るタイプの人です。

He is the type of person who guards his boundaries.

Describing a personality type.

境界が崩れると混乱が生じます。

When boundaries collapse, confusion arises.

Conditional 'to' (when/if).

芸術と実用の境界はどこにあるのでしょうか。

Where does the boundary between art and utility lie?

Question ending 'deshou ka' for inquiry.

心理的な境界を侵されるのは不快なものです。

It is unpleasant to have one's psychological boundaries violated.

Passive voice 'okasare-ru'.

この研究は学問の境界を広げるものです。

This research expands the boundaries of the discipline.

Verb 'hirogeru' (to expand).

境界領域における新発見が期待されています。

New discoveries in the boundary areas are expected.

Compound noun 'kyoukai ryouiki' (boundary area/field).

国家間の境界をめぐる紛争が続いています。

Conflicts over boundaries between nations continue.

Phrase 'o meguru' (concerning/surrounding).

デジタルとアナログの境界が消えつつあります。

The boundary between digital and analog is disappearing.

Grammar pattern 'tsutsu aru' (in the process of).

境界を明確にすることで、責任の所在をはっきりさせます。

By clarifying the boundaries, we make the location of responsibility clear.

Using 'koto de' to indicate a means/method.

彼は常に境界線上を歩いているような危うさがある。

He has a precariousness as if he is always walking on the boundary line.

Metaphorical use of 'kyoukaisen-jou'.

意識と無意識の境界は、極めて流動的である。

The boundary between consciousness and the unconscious is extremely fluid.

Formal adjective 'ryuudouteki' (fluid).

その作品は、生と死の境界を詩的に表現している。

The work poetically expresses the boundary between life and death.

Adverb 'shiteki ni' (poetically).

境界の概念そのものが、社会的な構築物であるという説がある。

There is a theory that the concept of boundaries itself is a social construct.

Noun clause 'to iu setsu' (the theory that...).

法的な境界を確定するには、膨大な資料の精査が必要だ。

To establish legal boundaries, a close examination of vast amounts of data is necessary.

Verb 'kakutei suru' (to establish/finalize).

自己と世界の境界が溶け合うような神秘体験をした。

I had a mystical experience where the boundary between self and the world seemed to melt away.

Verb 'toke-au' (to melt together).

境界を超越した美しさが、そこにはあった。

There was a beauty there that transcended all boundaries.

Verb 'chouetsu suru' (to transcend).

都市の境界線が拡大し、自然との接点が失われていく。

As urban boundaries expand, the point of contact with nature is being lost.

Verb 'kakudai suru' (to expand/enlarge).

境界を維持することは、アイデンティティを保持することと同義である。

Maintaining boundaries is synonymous with preserving identity.

Noun 'dougi' (synonym/same meaning).

領土問題において、境界の画定は主権の根幹に関わる事項である。

In territorial issues, the demarcation of boundaries is a matter that concerns the very core of sovereignty.

Formal term 'kakutei' (demarcation/definition).

この哲学者は、言語が思考の境界を規定すると主張した。

This philosopher argued that language prescribes the boundaries of thought.

Verb 'kitei suru' (to prescribe/stipulate).

細胞膜は、生命維持に不可欠な境界としての役割を担っている。

The cell membrane plays a role as an indispensable boundary for sustaining life.

Verb 'yakuwari o ninau' (to play a role).

主観と客観の境界を峻別することは、科学的探究の第一歩である。

Strictly distinguishing the boundary between the subjective and the objective is the first step of scientific inquiry.

Formal verb 'shunbetsu suru' (to distinguish strictly).

虚構と事実が入り混じり、その境界を判別することは最早不可能に近い。

Fiction and fact are intermingled, and it is nearly impossible to discern the boundary between them anymore.

Verb 'hanbetsu suru' (to discern/judge).

境界という概念を解体することで、新たな知の地平が開かれる。

By deconstructing the concept of boundaries, a new horizon of knowledge is opened.

Verb 'kaitai suru' (to deconstruct/dismantle).

異文化間の境界において生じる摩擦は、往々にして創造の源泉となる。

The friction that occurs at the boundaries between different cultures often becomes a source of creativity.

Adverb 'ou-ou ni shite' (often/frequently).

境界の多義性は、文学作品に深みと緊張感を与える。

The ambiguity of boundaries provides depth and tension to literary works.

Noun 'tagisei' (polysemy/ambiguity of meaning).

مترادف‌ها

境境目境界線区切り仕切り

متضادها

中心内部核心

ترکیب‌های رایج

境界を定める

境界を越える

境界を曖昧にする

境界を明確にする

境界が接する

境界を守る

境界を侵す

境界領域

境界条件

境界石

عبارات رایج

公私の境界

— The line between public (work) and private life. Used to discuss work-life balance.

公私の境界をはっきりさせる。

自分と他人の境界

— The psychological limit between oneself and others. Used in mental health contexts.

自分と他人の境界が分からなくなる。

境界線を引く

— To draw a line; to set a limit. Can be literal or metaphorical.

ここから先はダメだと境界線を引く。

境界を接する

— To share a border or boundary. Used for geography or property.

隣の県と境界を接している。

生と死の境界

— The boundary between life and death. Often used in dramatic or literary contexts.

生と死の境界をさまよう。

現実と虚構の境界

— The boundary between reality and fiction. Common in media and art critiques.

現実と虚構の境界が消える。

境界が曖昧

— The boundary is vague or blurred. Used when things are starting to mix together.

二つの概念の境界が曖昧だ。

境界を越えた交流

— Exchange that transcends boundaries (e.g., cross-cultural or cross-disciplinary).

境界を越えた交流を深める。

境界を確定する

— To finalize or confirm a boundary. Often used in legal or official situations.

土地の境界を確定する手続き。

心の境界

— Mental or emotional boundaries. Refers to protecting one's inner peace.

心の境界を侵されないようにする。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

境界 vs 教会 (Kyoukai)

Same pronunciation, but means 'church'. Written with different kanji.

境界 vs 限界 (Genkai)

Means 'limit' of capacity or power, not a dividing line.

境界 vs 警戒 (Keikai)

Sounds similar, but means 'caution' or 'vigilance'.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"一線を画す"

— To draw a line; to distinguish oneself clearly from others. Related to the concept of setting a boundary.

彼は他の作家とは一線を画している。

Formal

"垣根を越える"

— To cross a fence; to overcome barriers between different groups or fields.

部署の垣根を越えて協力する。

Neutral

"敷居が高い"

— Originally meaning hard to visit because of a past mistake, now often used to mean 'intimidating' or 'having a high entry barrier.'

その店は高級すぎて敷居が高い。

Neutral

"水と油"

— Like water and oil; things that do not mix, effectively having an unbridgeable boundary.

あの二人は水と油のようだ。

Casual

"雲泥の差"

— A difference as great as between clouds and mud; an immense gap or boundary in quality.

二つの作品には雲泥の差がある。

Neutral

"一線を越える"

— To cross the line; to go too far or do something forbidden.

冗談でも、それは一線を越えている。

Neutral

"袂を分かつ"

— To part ways; to separate from someone, creating a permanent boundary in a relationship.

考え方の違いから袂を分かった。

Literary

"隔たりがある"

— There is a gap or distance; used for differences in opinion or time.

理想と現実には大きな隔たりがある。

Formal

"溝を埋める"

— To fill the ditch; to bridge a gap or boundary between people.

話し合いで心の溝を埋める。

Neutral

"境界の彼方"

— Beyond the boundary. Often used in fantasy to refer to an unknown or mystical realm.

境界の彼方へ旅立つ。

Literary

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

境界 vs 限界 (Genkai)

Both translate to 'limit' in English.

Kyoukai is a separator between two things. Genkai is the maximum point something can reach before failing or stopping.

体力の限界 (Physical limit) vs 土地の境界 (Land boundary).

境界 vs 境 (Sakai)

They have the same meaning.

Sakai is the native Japanese word, often used for physical borders in casual speech. Kyoukai is the formal Sino-Japanese word.

隣との境 (The border with next door).

境界 vs 国境 (Kokkyou)

Both mean border.

Kokkyou is used exclusively for borders between countries. Kyoukai is for any kind of boundary.

アメリカとカナダの国境 (The US-Canada border).

境界 vs 範囲 (Han-i)

Both deal with space and limits.

Han-i refers to the 'range' or 'scope' within a boundary, while Kyoukai is the boundary line itself.

テストの範囲 (The scope of the test).

境界 vs 端 (Hashi)

Both refer to the outer parts of something.

Hashi is the 'edge' or 'end' of a single object. Kyoukai is the line where two objects meet or divide.

机の端 (The edge of the desk).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

ここが[Noun]の境界です。

ここが学校の境界です。

[Noun]と[Noun]の境界に[Noun]がある。

庭と道の境界に花がある。

[Noun]と[Noun]の境界をはっきりさせる。

仕事と遊びの境界をはっきりさせる。

[Noun]の境界を越えて[Verb]。

国の境界を越えて旅をする。

境界が[Adjective/Verb]ことによって[Result]。

境界が曖昧になることによって混乱が起きる。

境界という概念を[Verb]。

境界という概念を再定義する必要がある。

Any

境界を侵す

他人のプライバシーという境界を侵す。

Any

境界線上で

彼は常に境界線上で戦っている。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

境界線 (Boundary line)

境界領域 (Boundary area)

境界条件 (Boundary condition)

国境 (National border)

県境 (Prefectural border)

فعل‌ها

境界を定める (To define a boundary)

境界を越える (To cross a boundary)

境界を侵す (To violate a boundary)

صفت‌ها

境界的な (Boundary-like/Marginal)

曖昧な境界 (Vague boundary)

مرتبط

区切り (Division/End)

仕切り (Partition)

範囲 (Range/Scope)

枠 (Frame/Limit)

隔たり (Gap/Distance)

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in news, psychology, law, and science. Moderate in daily conversation.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'kyoukai' instead of 'genkai' for physical exhaustion. → 体力の限界です。
'Kyoukai' is a dividing line between two areas. 'Genkai' is the maximum capacity or threshold of endurance. You cannot have a 'boundary' of tiredness.
Using 'kyoukai' for national borders in casual conversation. → 国境を越える。
While 'kyoukai' means boundary, 'kokkyou' is the specific and much more common term for the border between countries.
Confusing 'kyoukai' (boundary) with 'kyoukai' (church) in writing. → 境界 (Boundary) vs 教会 (Church).
The kanji are completely different. '境界' uses 'border/world' while '教会' uses 'teach/meeting'. Always double-check your kanji choice.
Saying 'kyoukai o suru' to mean 'to set a boundary'. → 境界を定める or 境界を引く。
'Kyoukai' is not a suru-verb. You need to use specific verbs like 'sadameru' (define) or 'hiku' (draw) to describe the action of creating a boundary.
Using 'kyoukai' to mean the 'edge' of a small object like a cup. → コップの縁 (fuchi).
'Kyoukai' is usually for larger spaces or conceptual divisions. For the rim or edge of a small object, 'fuchi' or 'hashi' is much more natural.

نکات

Kyoto's Kite

Imagine flying a Kite over the Kyoto boundary. Kyo (Kyoto) + Kai (Kite) = Kyoukai. This helps you remember the pronunciation and the concept of a boundary line.

A and B

Always remember the pattern 'A to B no kyoukai'. It is the most natural way to define what the boundary is separating. Practice with simple pairs like 'umi to sora' (sea and sky).

Uchi-Soto

Think of 'kyoukai' as the physical manifestation of the Uchi-Soto (Inside-Outside) concept. Every time you enter a house or a new social group, you are crossing a 'kyoukai'.

Formal vs. Casual

Use 'kyoukai' in writing and 'sakai' in speaking to sound more like a native. 'Kyoukai' is great for reports, while 'sakai' is perfect for telling a neighbor where the fence should go.

Personal Space

Use 'kyoukai' to talk about your personal space. 'Watashi no kyoukai' is a powerful way to express your need for privacy or mental distance.

Color Coding

In your notes, draw boundaries between different sections using a specific color. Label those lines 'kyoukai' to reinforce the visual link between the word and the action of dividing.

Anime Barriers

When watching fantasy anime, listen for 'kyoukai' when characters set up magical barriers (kekkai). While 'kekkai' is the specific term for the barrier, 'kyoukai' is often used to describe the line it creates.

Kanji Parts

Notice the 'earth' radical (土) in 境. This tells you the word is fundamentally about land and physical space. The 'field' radical (田) in 界 also relates to divided land.

Work-Life Balance

In a job interview or review, use 'kyoukai' to discuss your professional focus. 'Shigoto ni kyoukai o hiku' shows you are organized and understand the importance of boundaries.

Kyoukai vs. Genkai

Never use 'kyoukai' for your physical limits. If you are tired, it's 'genkai'. If you are at the edge of a forest, it's 'kyoukai'. This distinction is vital for sounding natural.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Kyo' as 'Kyoto' (a city) and 'Kai' as 'Kite' (flying over). You are flying a kite over the boundary of Kyoto. Kyo + Kai = Boundary.

تداعی تصویری

Visualize a thick red line drawn across a map, separating a bright green forest from a dark blue ocean. That red line is the 'kyoukai'.

شبکه واژگان

Border Limit Line Division Threshold Interface Territory Privacy

چالش

Try to identify three 'kyoukai' in your room right now. For example, the boundary between your desk and the floor, or the boundary between your bed and the wall.

ریشه کلمه

The word is composed of two kanji: 境 (sakai/kyou) and 界 (kai). 境 originates from the concept of a 'border' or 'place' where something ends. 界 originates from the concept of a 'world' or 'domain' (as in sekai - world). Together, they form the Chinese-derived (on-yomi) word for boundary.

معنای اصلی: Originally used in Buddhist texts to refer to the 'spheres' or 'realms' of existence and perception.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when discussing national borders (kokkyou) in a political context, as it can be a sensitive topic.

In English, 'boundary' is often used in a self-help context ('setting boundaries'). In Japanese, 'kyoukai' is used similarly but often feels more formal or technical.

Kyoukai no Kanata (Anime series) Kyoukai no Rinne (Manga series) The concept of 'Ma' in Japanese architecture, which relates to the space at boundaries.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Real Estate

境界標 (Boundary marker)
境界トラブル (Boundary dispute)
境界を測量する (To survey a boundary)
境界の同意 (Agreement on boundaries)

Psychology

パーソナル境界 (Personal boundary)
境界性パーソナリティ障害 (Borderline Personality Disorder)
心の境界線 (Mental boundary line)
境界を引く (To set boundaries)

Science

境界層 (Boundary layer)
細胞の境界 (Cell boundary)
境界条件 (Boundary conditions)
相境界 (Phase boundary)

Workplace

公私の境界 (Public-private boundary)
職務の境界 (Job duty boundary)
責任の境界 (Responsibility boundary)
部署間の境界 (Inter-departmental boundary)

Literature/Art

生と死の境界 (Boundary of life and death)
夢と現の境界 (Boundary of dreams and reality)
ジャンルの境界 (Genre boundary)
境界を越えた表現 (Expression that crosses boundaries)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"最近、仕事とプライベートの境界が曖昧になっていませんか？ (Has the boundary between work and private life become blurred lately?)"

"自分のパーソナルな境界を守るために、何かしていることはありますか？ (Is there anything you do to protect your personal boundaries?)"

"この二つの国の境界は、歴史的にどう決まったのでしょうか？ (How was the boundary between these two countries historically decided?)"

"芸術とデザインの境界はどこにあると思いますか？ (Where do you think the boundary between art and design lies?)"

"子供の頃、友達と「ここが境界だ」と決めて遊んだことはありますか？ (When you were a kid, did you ever play by deciding 'this is the boundary' with friends?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、自分が感じた「自分と他人の境界」について書いてみましょう。 (Write about the 'boundary between self and others' that you felt today.)

あなたが人生で「境界を越えた」と感じた瞬間はいつですか？ (When was a moment in your life when you felt you 'crossed a boundary'?)

テクノロジーが進化することで、人間と機械の境界はどう変わると思いますか？ (How do you think the boundary between humans and machines will change as technology evolves?)

自分の理想と現実の境界を縮めるために、明日からできることは何ですか？ (What can you do starting tomorrow to narrow the boundary between your ideals and reality?)

「境界」という言葉から連想する風景やイメージを詳しく描写してください。 (Describe in detail the scenery or images you associate with the word 'boundary'.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, 'kyoukai' (or 'kyoukai-sen') is the correct term for psychological or personal boundaries. For example, 'Tanin to no kyoukai o tamotsu' means to maintain boundaries with others. It is very common in modern Japanese psychology discussions.

Mostly, yes. However, for national borders, 'kokkyou' is preferred. 'Kyoukai' is more versatile and can apply to property, concepts, and scientific interfaces.

Context is usually enough. If you are talking about religion or buildings, it's 'church.' If you are talking about limits or maps, it's 'boundary.' In some regions, the pitch accent for 'church' is flat, while 'boundary' starts high.

No, it is a noun. To use it as a verb, you must add a verb like 'suru' (though 'kyoukai suru' is rare) or phrases like 'kyoukai o hiku' (draw a boundary) or 'kyoukai o sadameru' (define a boundary).

'Kyoukai' is the general concept of a boundary. 'Kyoukai-sen' literally means 'boundary line' and is used when you are referring to the specific line itself, like a line on a map or a fence.

Yes, it is very common in professional, academic, and media contexts. It is slightly less common in very casual conversation, where 'sakai' might be used instead.

No, for a deadline, use 'shimekiri' or 'kigen'. 'Kyoukai' is spatial or conceptual, not temporal in that way.

It means 'boundary area' or 'interdisciplinary field.' It refers to a space or subject that sits between two established categories or disciplines.

The most common way is 'kyoukai o koeru'. If it's an illegal or rude crossing, you might use 'kyoukai o okasu' (violate the boundary).

The kanji '境' (sakai) has 14 strokes and '界' (kai) has 9 strokes. They are intermediate-level kanji (JLPT N3), but the word itself is often introduced earlier because of its importance.

برای نکات و یادداشت‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید