中止 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Chūshi means 'cancellation' or 'suspension' of a planned event.
- Commonly used as 'chūshi ni naru' (to be cancelled) or 'chūshi suru' (to cancel).
- Different from 'enki' (postponement) and 'kyanseru' (personal reservation cancellation).
- Used in formal announcements, news, and daily life for events like matches or festivals.
The Japanese word 中止 (Chūshi) is a fundamental noun and suru-verb that translates primarily to 'cancellation,' 'suspension,' or 'discontinuation.' At its core, it represents the act of stopping a planned event, a process in motion, or a scheduled activity before its completion or before it even begins. Unlike a simple 'stop' (止まる), 中止 implies a break in a formal plan or an organized sequence of events. It is the word you will see on departure boards when a train is cancelled, on posters when a festival is called off due to rain, or in business emails when a project is scrapped. The nuance is often external; something happens (like bad weather or a lack of funds) that necessitates the halting of the activity.
- Etymological Breakdown
- The first kanji, 中 (chū), means 'middle' or 'during.' The second kanji, 止 (shi), means 'stop.' Together, they literally suggest 'stopping in the middle' or 'stopping while in progress.' This etymology highlights that the event was supposed to continue or happen, but was cut short.
- Grammatical Versatility
- It functions as a noun (中止) and a suru-verb (中止する). When an event is cancelled by an organizer, they chūshi-suru the event. When the event 'becomes' cancelled (passive or situational), we use 中止になる (chūshi ni naru).
「雨のため、今日の花火大会は中止になりました。」
(Ame no tame, kyō no hanabi taikai wa chūshi ni narimashita.)
"Due to rain, today's fireworks display has been cancelled."
Understanding the depth of 中止 requires looking at its social weight in Japan. Japan is a culture that highly values schedules and punctuality. Therefore, a 中止 is rarely taken lightly. It usually involves a formal announcement and often an apology. Whether it is a 'temporary suspension' of a service or a 'total cancellation' of a contract, the word carries a sense of finality for that specific instance. It differs from 延期 (enki - postponement) because in a 中止 scenario, there is no immediate promise of a future date.
「試合を中止する権限は審判にある。」
(Shiai o chūshi suru kengen wa shinpan ni aru.)
"The authority to cancel the match lies with the referee."
- Usage in Technology
- In software interfaces, the 'Abort' or 'Stop' button is often labeled 中止. If a file download is taking too long and you hit the 'X', you are performing a ダウンロードの中止.
Finally, consider the emotional tone. While 中止 is a neutral, objective term, its impact can be significant. For students who practiced for months for a school festival, 中止 represents disappointment. For a business, it might represent a strategic pivot. It is a word that marks the boundary between 'what was planned' and 'what is now reality.'
Mastering 中止 (Chūshi) involves understanding its three primary grammatical structures: as a standalone noun, as a passive occurrence with ni naru, and as an active decision with suru. Because it is an A1-level word that scales all the way to N1 and beyond, its application varies from simple weather-related cancellations to complex legal terminations.
1. The 'Decision' Pattern: [Object] を 中止する
When a person, organization, or authority decides to stop something, use the particle を followed by 中止する. This is an active choice.
- 計画を中止する (Keikaku o chūshi suru) — To cancel a plan.
- 実験を中止する (Jikken o chūshi suru) — To abort an experiment.
- 放送を中止する (Hōsō o chūshi suru) — To stop a broadcast.
2. The 'Occurrence' Pattern: [Subject] が 中止になる
This is perhaps the most common way you will hear the word in daily life. It describes the state of something being cancelled, often due to circumstances beyond one's control. The particle が marks the event, and になる (to become) indicates the change in status.
「コンサートが中止になった。」 (Konsāto ga chūshi ni natta.)
"The concert was cancelled." (Focuses on the fact of cancellation rather than who did it.)
3. Compound Nouns and Formal Settings
In formal documents, 中止 often combines with other nouns to create specific terms. You will see these in news headlines or official notices.
- 中止命令 (Chūshi Meirei)
- A cease and desist order / Order to stop.
- 途中中止 (Tochū Chūshi)
- Cancellation midway / Aborting halfway.
- 全面中止 (Zenmen Chūshi)
- Total cancellation of all parts.
- 一時中止 (Ichiji Chūshi)
- Temporary suspension (often used for construction).
In polite speech (Keigo), you might hear 中止させていただきます (chūshi sasete itadakimasu), which literally means 'we will allow ourselves to cancel,' but functions as a very polite 'we are cancelling.' This is common in customer service or corporate announcements to soften the blow of bad news.
You will encounter 中止 (Chūshi) in almost every facet of Japanese life, from the mundane to the monumental. It is a 'high-frequency' word because life is unpredictable, and schedules in Japan are strictly managed, requiring clear terminology when they fail.
1. Public Transport and Infrastructure
If you are standing on a platform at Shinjuku Station and a typhoon is approaching, you will hear the following announcement over the speakers:
「強風の影響により、特急列車の運転を中止しております。」
(Kyōfū no eikyō ni yori, tokkyū ressha no unten o chūshi shite orimasu.)
"Due to the influence of strong winds, express train operations are currently suspended."
2. Event Venues and Festivals
At the entrance of a park or a stadium, you might see a sign board with large red letters. This is the most visual way 中止 is used. It acts as a status indicator.
CANCELLED TODAY
CANCELLED IF RAIN
3. Business and Corporate Environments
In a Japanese office, 中止 is used for projects, meetings, or transactions. If a client backs out of a deal, the manager might say:
「あのプロジェクトは予算不足で中止になったよ。」
(Ano purojekuto wa yosan busoku de chūshi ni natta yo.)
"That project was cancelled due to a lack of budget."
4. News and Media
News anchors use 中止 to report on national events. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the word was ubiquitous on television as thousands of events were 'chūshi'ed. It sounds more formal and objective than 'yameru' (to quit/stop).
Whether it's a 'sale cancellation' at a department store or a 'launch abort' at JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), 中止 is the standard term for a plan that has met its end prematurely.
While 中止 (Chūshi) is a versatile word, learners often use it in contexts where other 'stop' or 'cancel' words are more appropriate. Japanese has a high degree of specificity regarding how and why something stops.
1. Chūshi vs. Enki (中止 vs. 延期)
This is the most frequent error. 中止 means the event is off. 延期 (Enki) means it is postponed to a later date. If you say a wedding is 中止, you are implying the couple is no longer getting married. If you mean it's moved to next month, you must use 延期.
❌ Incorrect:
「雨だから、パーティーを明日に中止します。」 (Wrong: You can't cancel it 'to tomorrow')
✅ Correct:
「雨だから、パーティーを明日に延期します。」 (Enki: Postpone to tomorrow)
2. Chūshi vs. Teishi (中止 vs. 停止)
停止 (Teishi) refers to a temporary suspension of a machine, a flow, or a right. 中止 is for plans or actions. If a lift stops moving, it is 停止. If the construction of the building is called off, it is 中止.
- Use 停止 (Teishi) for:
- Engines, electricity, heartbeats, bank accounts, traffic.
- Use 中止 (Chūshi) for:
- Games, plans, projects, searches, broadcasts.
3. Chūshi vs. Kyanseru (中止 vs. キャンセル)
In modern Japanese, キャンセル (the loanword from English) is specifically used for personal reservations or orders. If you cancel a pizza order or a hair appointment, use キャンセル. If the pizza shop decides to stop its delivery service entirely, they 中止 the service.
4. Chūshi vs. Yameru (中止 vs. やめる)
やめる is a general verb for 'to quit' or 'to stop doing.' It is often personal. 中止 is formal and situational. You やめる smoking (quit a habit), but a company 中止 a marketing campaign (stops a formal plan).
To truly master 中止 (Chūshi), you must be able to distinguish it from its 'cousins' in the Japanese vocabulary of cessation. Each word carries a specific flavor of 'stopping.'
1. 取り消し (Torikeshi) — Rescind / Annul
取り消し is often used for legal or formal 'taking back' of something already granted or stated. Think of 'voiding' a contract or 'revoking' a license.
- ●免許の取り消し (Menkyo no torikeshi) — Revocation of a driver's license.
- ●発言を取り消す (Hatsugen o torikesu) — To take back a statement.
2. 中断 (Chūdan) — Interruption / Break
中断 implies that something has stopped, but with the strong expectation that it will resume later. It is a 'pause.' 中止 is much more final.
「試合は雨で一時中断された。」 (The match was temporarily interrupted by rain.)
Contrast: If the match is called off entirely, it becomes 中止.
3. 廃止 (Haishi) — Abolition / Discontinuation
廃止 is used for systems, laws, or long-standing customs that are being permanently ended. You 中止 a single event, but you 廃止 a tax law or a railway line that will never run again.
4. 打切り (Uchikiri) — Premature End / Axing
This is a colorful term often used in media. If a TV show is doing poorly in the ratings and is cancelled before the planned season ends, it is 打ち切り. It has a nuance of being 'cut off' or 'axed.'
- Quick Comparison Table
Word Nuance Best Example 中止 Planned event called off Sports match 停止 Physical/mechanical stop Elevator 中断 Temporary pause Meeting break 廃止 Systemic abolition Old law
By choosing the right word, you show a deep understanding of the situation. Using 中止 for a mechanical failure sounds strange; using 停止 for a wedding sounds like the wedding is a machine. Precision is key!
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
〜のため (Due to...)
〜により (By means of / Due to...)
〜になる (To become/result in...)
〜ことにする (To decide to...)
〜を余儀なくされる (To be forced to...)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
雨で、今日のテニスは中止です。
Due to rain, today's tennis is cancelled.
Uses [Reason] で to show why.
イベントは中止になりました。
The event was cancelled.
中止になる is the standard 'it was cancelled' phrase.
バスは中止ですか？
Is the bus (service) cancelled?
Simple question form.
あしたのパーティーは中止です。
Tomorrow's party is cancelled.
Time + no + Event structure.
雪で、学校は中止です。
Due to snow, school is cancelled.
School being 'chushi' means no classes.
あ、中止だ。
Oh, it's cancelled.
Informal observation.
試合は中止ですか、延期ですか？
Is the match cancelled or postponed?
Contrast between chushi and enki.
花火は中止になりました。
The fireworks were cancelled.
Common use for weather events.
強い風のため、船は中止しました。
Due to strong winds, the boat (service) stopped.
〜のため is a more formal 'because'.
彼は計画を中止することにしました。
He decided to cancel the plan.
〜ことにする means 'to decide to'.
ダウンロードを中止してください。
Please cancel the download.
Polite command with kudasai.
病気で旅行を中止しました。
I cancelled the trip because of illness.
Active use of chushi-suru.
会議は急に中止になりました。
The meeting was suddenly cancelled.
急に (suddenly) adds context.
危ないから、工事を中止します。
Because it's dangerous, we will stop the construction.
Reason + kara + Action.
雨天の場合は中止します。
In case of rain, it will be cancelled.
雨天の場合 (uten no baai) is a set phrase.
そのドラマは中止になりました。
That drama was cancelled.
Used for media content.
機材の故障により、放送を一時中止します。
Due to equipment failure, we will temporarily suspend the broadcast.
〜により is formal for 'due to'.
予算が足りないので、プロジェクトを中止せざるを得ない。
Since the budget is insufficient, we have no choice but to cancel the project.
〜せざるを得ない means 'cannot help but'.
マラソン大会は、大雨の影響で中止が決定した。
It was decided that the marathon would be cancelled due to the influence of heavy rain.
中止が決定した (cancellation was decided).
安全上の理由から、実験を中止した。
For safety reasons, the experiment was aborted.
〜上の理由 (reasons regarding...).
チケットの払い戻しは、中止の場合のみ行います。
Refunds for tickets will only be issued in the case of cancellation.
〜のみ (only).
政府はそのデモを中止させた。
The government forced the cancellation of the protest.
Causative form (chushi-saseta).
試合の中止を聞いて、ファンはがっかりした。
Hearing about the match's cancellation, the fans were disappointed.
Noun form + o kiite.
この計画は一旦中止して、考え直しましょう。
Let's cancel this plan for now and rethink it.
一旦 (ittan - for now/briefly).
不祥事の発覚により、その番組は打ち切り（中止）となった。
Due to the discovery of a scandal, the program was axed.
〜となった is more formal than 〜になった.
取引先との契約を中止することに合意した。
We agreed to terminate the contract with our business partner.
Contractual context.
開発中止に追い込まれた理由は、技術的な問題だった。
The reason we were forced to cancel development was technical issues.
〜に追い込まれた (forced into).
その法律の施行は、国民の反対で中止された。
The enforcement of that law was cancelled due to public opposition.
Passive voice (chushi-sareta).
捜索活動は、日没のため一時中止された。
The search activity was temporarily suspended due to sunset.
Temporary suspension context.
彼は独断でそのイベントを中止した。
He cancelled the event on his own authority.
独断で (on one's own judgment).
中止の決定は、慎重に行われるべきだ。
The decision to cancel should be made carefully.
〜べきだ (should).
悪天候が予想されるため、登山は中止すべきだと判断した。
Because bad weather was expected, it was judged that the climb should be cancelled.
Compound reasoning.
倫理的な懸念から、その臨床試験は中止を余儀なくされた。
Due to ethical concerns, the clinical trial was forced to be discontinued.
〜を余儀なくされた (forced to do).
プロジェクトの中止は、多額の損失を招く結果となった。
The cancellation of the project resulted in incurring heavy losses.
〜を招く (to lead to/invite).
その外交交渉は、双方の主張が平行線をたどり、中止に終わった。
The diplomatic negotiations ended in cancellation as both sides' arguments remained on parallel lines.
中止に終わる (ended in cancellation).
伝統行事の中止は、地域コミュニティの衰退を象徴している。
The cancellation of traditional events symbolizes the decline of local communities.
Sociological context.
彼は、自身の野望を達成するために、良心の呵責なく計画を中止した。
To achieve his ambitions, he cancelled the plan without any pangs of conscience.
Literary/Character description.
その条約の批准は、議会の反対により中止の憂き目に遭った。
The ratification of the treaty suffered the misfortune of being cancelled due to parliamentary opposition.
〜の憂き目に遭う (to suffer a bitter experience).
核実験の中止を求める国際的な圧力が高まっている。
International pressure calling for the cessation of nuclear testing is increasing.
Political/Global context.
思考の中止こそが、瞑想の極致であるという説もある。
There is a theory that the cessation of thought is the pinnacle of meditation.
Philosophical context.
当該事業の中止に伴う違約金の算定は、極めて複雑な法的手続きを要する。
The calculation of penalties associated with the cancellation of the business in question requires extremely complex legal procedures.
Legal/Financial terminology.
その歴史的建造物の取り壊し中止を求める嘆願書が提出された。
A petition requesting the cancellation of the demolition of that historical building was submitted.
Formal petition context.
未曾有の災害を前に、あらゆる社会機能が中止を余儀なくされる事態となった。
In the face of an unprecedented disaster, a situation arose where all social functions were forced to cease.
Unprecedented (未曾有) context.
その研究は、再現性の欠如が指摘され、公表直前に中止に追い込まれた。
The research was forced to be cancelled just before publication after a lack of reproducibility was pointed out.
Academic integrity context.
言論の自由を抑圧するための放送中止は、民主主義への挑戦である。
The suspension of broadcasting to suppress freedom of speech is a challenge to democracy.
Political philosophy.
彼は、人生の途上で夢を中止せざるを得なかった無念を、晩年まで抱え続けた。
He continued to carry the regret of having to abandon his dreams midway through life until his final years.
Deep emotional/Literary context.
その巨大プロジェクトの中止は、国家予算の再編を迫るほどの衝撃を与えた。
The cancellation of that massive project gave such a shock that it forced a restructuring of the national budget.
Macroeconomic impact.
宇宙開発計画の無期限中止は、人類のフロンティア精神の減退を意味するのだろうか。
Does the indefinite suspension of space exploration plans signify a decline in humanity's frontier spirit?
Rhetorical/Existential question.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Enki is moving to a later date; Chūshi is calling it off entirely.
Teishi is for physical motion or flow; Chūshi is for events or plans.
Kyanseru is for personal bookings; Chūshi is for organized activities.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Event] は [Reason] で中止です。
[Reason] のため、[Event] は中止になりました。
[Authority] が [Action] を中止した。
[Event] は雨天中止です。
[Process] を中止してください。
中止せざるを得ない状況だ。
一旦中止して様子を見る。
中止の決定を下す。
نحوه استفاده
Chūshi is more formal than 'yameru' and implies a break in a formal plan.
In Japanese OS, the 'Cancel' button is often 'キャンセル' but 'Abort/Stop' is '中止'.
- Using Chūshi for 'postponing' (should be Enki).
- Using Chūshi for 'quitting a habit' (should be Yameru).
- Using Chūshi for 'cancelling a hotel' (should be Kyanseru).
- Forgetting the 'ni' in 'Chūshi ni naru'.
- Using Chūshi for a physical stop like a car (should be Teishi).
نکات
Particle Pairing
Always use 'de' or 'no tame' to give the reason for a Chūshi. It makes your Japanese sound much more natural and complete.
Chūshi vs Enki
Always check if an event is 'Chūshi' or 'Enki'. If you go to a stadium for an 'Enki' event, you might have a ticket for later, but for 'Chūshi', you need a refund.
Apology Culture
In Japan, 'Chūshi' is almost always followed by an apology. Even if it's the weather's fault, the organizers will say they are sorry for the trouble.
Kanji Meaning
Remember: Middle + Stop. If you stop in the middle of a plan, it's Chūshi. This helps distinguish it from 'Shūryō' (End).
Software Labels
Look at your Japanese browser or apps. The 'X' button or 'Stop' button is often '中止'. This is a great way to see the word in action every day.
Station Announcements
Train stations are the best place to hear 'Chūshi'. Listen for 'Unten' (operation) + 'Chūshi'. It's a vital survival word for travelers.
Softening the Blow
If you have to cancel a meeting, say 'Chūshi ni sasete itadakimasu' to sound professional and polite.
News Headlines
News often uses 'Chūshi' in four-kanji compounds. Don't be intimidated; just look for the '中止' at the end.
Not for Habits
Don't say 'Tabako o chūshi suru'. It sounds like you are an official stopping a tobacco-related event. Use 'yameru'.
JLPT Tip
Chūshi is a common N4/N5 word but appears in N1 contexts too. Master its collocations like 'Uten Chūshi' early on.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
Sino-Japanese (Kango)
بافت فرهنگی
Summer festivals (Matsuri) are the most common victims of 'Uten Chūshi' (Rain cancellation).
When an event is cancelled, organizers usually provide clear instructions on refunds immediately.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"今日のイベント、中止になったって知ってる？ (Did you know today's event was cancelled?)"
"もし雨が降ったら、バーベキューは中止にする？ (If it rains, will you cancel the BBQ?)"
"電車が中止になったら、どうやって帰る？ (If the trains are suspended, how will you get home?)"
"プロジェクトが中止になって、どう思う？ (What do you think about the project being cancelled?)"
"中止の連絡、もうみんなに回した？ (Did you already send the cancellation notice to everyone?)"
موضوعات نگارش
最近、中止になって残念だったことは何ですか？ (What is something that was cancelled recently that made you sad?)
もし自分がイベントの主催者なら、どんな時に中止を決めますか？ (If you were an event organizer, when would you decide to cancel?)
「中止」と「延期」、どちらの方がショックですか？ (Which is more shocking: 'cancellation' or 'postponement'?)
中止になった時間をどうやって有効に使いましたか？ (How did you use the time effectively when something was cancelled?)
人生で一番大きな「中止」の経験について書いてください。 (Write about the biggest 'cancellation' experience in your life.)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالNo, for quitting a job, use '辞める' (yameru) or '退職する' (taishoku suru). Chūshi is for events or specific tasks.
Yes, it is a formal Kango (Sino-Japanese) word. It is appropriate for business and formal announcements.
It means 'Cancelled in case of rain.' You see this on flyers for festivals or sports matches.
It's better to say 'Reservation o kyanseru suru.' Chūshi sounds like you are stopping the whole reservation system.
Teishi means the train has physically stopped (e.g., at a signal). Chūshi (or Unten-mi合わせ) means the service is cancelled for the day.
Yes, very often. If a baseball game is rained out, it is 'Chūshi'.
No, use 'yameru' for habits like smoking or drinking.
You can use 'Project ga chūshi ni natta' or more colorfully 'Uchikiri ni natta'.
Yes. 'Ni naru' focuses on the result (it's cancelled), while 'suru' focuses on the person who decided to cancel it.
It means 'Temporary suspension.' You might see this on a website that is down for maintenance.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
Chūshi is your go-to word for any formal or scheduled activity that gets called off. Whether it's a train service, a sports game, or a business project, if the plan stops, it's Chūshi.
- Chūshi means 'cancellation' or 'suspension' of a planned event.
- Commonly used as 'chūshi ni naru' (to be cancelled) or 'chūshi suru' (to cancel).
- Different from 'enki' (postponement) and 'kyanseru' (personal reservation cancellation).
- Used in formal announcements, news, and daily life for events like matches or festivals.
Particle Pairing
Always use 'de' or 'no tame' to give the reason for a Chūshi. It makes your Japanese sound much more natural and complete.
Chūshi vs Enki
Always check if an event is 'Chūshi' or 'Enki'. If you go to a stadium for an 'Enki' event, you might have a ticket for later, but for 'Chūshi', you need a refund.
Apology Culture
In Japan, 'Chūshi' is almost always followed by an apology. Even if it's the weather's fault, the organizers will say they are sorry for the trouble.
Kanji Meaning
Remember: Middle + Stop. If you stop in the middle of a plan, it's Chūshi. This helps distinguish it from 'Shūryō' (End).
مثال
イベントを中止します。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر Actions
達成
A1عمل دستیابی موفقیتآمیز به یک هدف یا انجام یک کار از طریق تلاش.
取得
A1کسب رسمی یک مدرک، مجوز یا حق قانونی.
動作
A1حرکت بدنی یا کارکرد یک دستگاه. 'حرکات او سریع است.' 'دستگاه به خوبی کار میکند.'
進行
A1عمل پیشروی یا پیشرفت در یک کار یا رویداد. برای توصیف نحوه مدیریت یک جلسه یا پیشرفت یک بیماری استفاده می شود.
挑戦
A1عمل پذیرش یک چالش یا تلاش برای انجام یک کار دشوار. بر تلاش و شجاعت مورد نیاز تأکید می کند.
完了
A1عمل به پایان رساندن کامل یک کار یا فرآیند. برای نشان دادن اینکه یک توالی از مراحل به پایان رسیده است استفاده میشود.
熟考
A1تأمل عمیق یا تفکر دقیق در مورد یک موضوع در طول یک دوره زمانی.
決定
A1تصمیم نهایی یا تعیین تکلیف قطعی.
努力
A1تلاش یا کوشش. عمل استفاده از قدرت برای رسیدن به یک هدف خاص.
失敗
A1شکست یا اشتباه. زمانی استفاده میشود که چیزی طبق برنامه پیش نرود.
