A2 verb خنثی #1,500 پرکاربردترین 3 دقیقه مطالعه

着ます

kimasu /kimasu/
تمرین کن نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

Overview

The Japanese verb '着ます' (kimasu) is a fundamental verb used to express the action of wearing or putting on clothes, specifically those worn on the upper body, such as shirts, jackets, dresses, and traditional Japanese garments like kimonos. It is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object (the item of clothing being worn).

**Grammatical Information:**

  • Verb Type: '着ます' is the polite 'masu' form of the dictionary form '着る' (kiru). It belongs to the 'Godan' verb class (Group 1 verbs) in Japanese, though its conjugation pattern for the polite form might initially seem similar to 'Ichidan' verbs due to the 'i' vowel before 'masu'. However, its dictionary form 'kiru' clearly shows it as a Godan verb. As a transitive verb, it directly affects an object.

**Usage and Nuances:**

  • Upper Body Focus: The crucial distinction of '着ます' is its specific application to clothing worn on the upper body. For lower body clothing (trousers, skirts), the verb 'はきます' (hakimasu) is used. For accessories like hats, glasses, or jewelry, different verbs like 'かぶります' (kaburimasu - for hats), 'かけます' (kakemasu - for glasses), or 'つけます' (tsukemasu - for general accessories) are employed.
  • Putting On vs. Wearing: '着ます' can imply both the action of putting on clothes and the state of wearing them. For example, 「シャツを着ます」 can mean “I will put on a shirt” or “I wear a shirt.” Context usually clarifies the intended meaning.
  • Particle Usage: When indicating what is being worn, the direct object particle 'を' (o) is used after the noun for the item of clothing. For instance, 「セーターを着ます」 (seetā o kimasu - to wear a sweater).

**Common Phrases and Examples:**

  • 「毎日、制服を着ます。」(Mainichi, seifuku o kimasu.) - “I wear a uniform every day.”
  • 「彼はいつも黒い服を着ています。」(Kare wa itsumo kuroi fuku o kite imasu.) - “He is always wearing black clothes.” (Here, '着ています' (kite imasu) uses the -te form plus 'います' to indicate a continuous state of wearing.)
  • 「新しいコートを着て出かけました。」(Atarashii kōto o kite dekakemashita.) - “I went out wearing a new coat.” (Again, the -te form is used to connect the action of wearing with going out.)

**Conjugation Overview (from '着る' - kiru):**

Understanding the dictionary form '着る' (kiru) is key to its full conjugation:

**Distinction from Similar Verbs:**

It's important to differentiate '着ます' from other verbs related to wearing:

  • はきます (hakimasu): For lower body clothing (pants, skirts, shoes, socks).
  • かぶります (kaburimasu): For headwear (hats, caps).
  • かけます (kakemasu): For glasses.
  • します (shimasu): For general accessories, ties, watches, sometimes certain garments like ties.
  • つけます (tsukemasu): For general accessories, jewelry, makeup.

Mastering '着ます' and its appropriate usage is crucial for accurately describing clothing and personal appearance in Japanese.

مثال‌ها

1

シャツを着ます。

毎日

I wear a shirt.

2

コートを着て出かけました。

寒い日

I put on a coat and went out.

3

このジャケットを着てもいいですか？

お店で

May I try on this jacket?

4

彼はいつもおしゃれな服を着ています。

人の服装について

He always wears stylish clothes.

5

子供に服を着せる。

親の行動

To dress a child.

ترکیب‌های رایج

服を着ます
シャツを着ます
上着を着ます
セーターを着ます

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

着ます vs 履きます

to wear (lower body clothes, shoes)

着ます vs 被ります

to wear (on head)

着ます vs 掛けます

to wear (glasses)

الگوهای دستوری

noun に 着ます

نحوه استفاده

'着ます' (kimasu) is the polite form of the verb '着る' (kiru), meaning 'to wear' specifically for garments worn on the upper body, such as shirts, sweaters, jackets, and dresses. It can also be used for full-body garments like kimonos. The dictionary form is '着る'. The '-ます' ending indicates politeness. For example, 'シャツを着ます' (shatsu o kimasu) means 'I wear a shirt.' It is distinct from verbs like '履きます' (hakimasu), used for wearing on the lower body (trousers, skirts, shoes), and 'かけます' (kakemasu), used for accessories like glasses. When describing someone who is already wearing something, the progressive form '着ています' (kiteimasu) is used. For instance, '彼はシャツを着ています' (kare wa shatsu o kiteimasu) means 'He is wearing a shirt.'

اشتباهات رایج

A common mistake is using 着ます (kimasu) for all types of clothing. However, 着ます specifically refers to wearing clothes on the upper body, like shirts, jackets, or dresses. For items worn on the lower body (trousers, skirts), the verb 履きます (hakimasu) is used. For accessories like glasses, watches, or ties, different verbs like かけます (kakemasu), します (shimasu), or 締めます (shimemasu) are used respectively. Remember that Japanese has specific verbs for wearing different types of items, so it's important to learn them in context. For example, to wear a hat, you use かぶります (kaburimasu); for shoes, you use 履きます (hakimasu) as well; for rings, you use はめます (hamemasu); and for gloves, you also use はめます (hamemasu). Always pay attention to the specific item being worn when choosing the verb.

نکات

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Usage Context

「着ます」 (kimasu) specifically refers to wearing clothes that cover the upper body, such as shirts, jackets, dresses, or coats. It is distinct from other verbs for wearing depending on the type of clothing. For example, for pants or skirts, 「履きます」 (hakimasu) is used.

💡

Common Mistakes

A common mistake for learners is to use 「着ます」 for all types of clothing. Remember to differentiate: 「着ます」 for upper body, 「履きます」 (hakimasu) for lower body (pants, skirts, shoes), 「被ります」 (kaburimasu) for headwear (hats), and 「掛けます」 (kakemasu) for accessories like glasses.

💡

Grammar and Conjugation

「着ます」 is the polite (masu) form of the verb 「着る」 (kiru), which is an ichidan (vowel-stem) verb. The dictionary form is 「着る」. Its plain non-past form is 「着る」, plain past is 「着た」, and plain negative is 「着ない」. The ます-form conjugation pattern is straightforward for ichidan verbs, making it easier to remember.

ریشه کلمه

From Old Japanese 来ます (kimasu, 'to wear'). The modern form is a contraction and phonetic shift from earlier forms. Related to the verb 着る (kiru, 'to wear'), which has a long history in Japanese literature, appearing in classics such as the Man'yōshū (c. 759). The kanji 着 itself implies 'to arrive' or 'to wear', connecting the action of putting on clothes to the idea of something coming onto the body. Over time, its usage has become specialized for garments worn on the upper body, distinguishing it from other verbs for wearing like 履きます (hakimasu) for lower body garments and 被ります (kiburimasu) for headwear. The polite form 着ます (kimasu) evolved alongside the plain form and became standard in formal speech and writing.

بافت فرهنگی

In Japanese culture, formality and context heavily influence language use, including verbs for wearing. '着ます' (kimasu) is a general and polite verb used for wearing clothes on the upper body, such as shirts, jackets, dresses, and kimonos. When referring to traditional Japanese garments like a kimono, '着ます' is the appropriate verb, emphasizing the act of donning the clothing. The choice of verb can also reflect social hierarchies or the specific relationship between speakers, though '着ます' remains a safe and widely applicable choice for most situations. For example, when dressing a child, a parent might use a more casual verb, but in a formal setting or when speaking to someone of higher status, '着ます' maintains politeness.

راهنمای حفظ

Imagine putting on a KIMONO. The sound 'ki' in 'kimasu' (着ます) can remind you of 'kimono'.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال

The Japanese word '着ます' (kimasu) is primarily used to describe the action of wearing clothes on the upper body. This includes items such as shirts, jackets, sweaters, dresses, and coats. It's a fundamental verb for expressing putting on or wearing attire, and its usage is quite common in daily conversation when talking about clothing.

While '着ます' (kimasu) specifically refers to wearing items on the upper body, Japanese has other verbs for wearing depending on the type of clothing. For example, '履きます' (hakimasu) is used for lower body garments like pants and shoes, '被ります' (kiburimasu) for headwear like hats, and '掛けます' (kakemasu) for accessories like glasses. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurate expression in Japanese.

Generally, '着ます' (kimasu) is almost exclusively used for putting on or wearing clothing items, particularly those for the upper body. It's not typically applied to accessories, jewelry, or other non-clothing items. Its meaning is quite specific to the act of dressing oneself with garments.

The dictionary form of '着ます' is '着る' (kiru). '着ます' is the polite form (masu form) of the verb, which is commonly used in everyday conversations to show respect or politeness to the listener. The dictionary form '着る' is more casual and is often used when speaking with close friends or family, or in written contexts like dictionaries.

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank

毎日シャツを___。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
fill blank

彼女はいつもきれいな服を___。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
fill blank

パーティーにはどんなドレスを___か？

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

امتیاز: /3

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