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B1 verb #2,000 پرکاربردترین 5 دقیقه مطالعه

지시하다

jisihada رتبه 2,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 지시하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 지시하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of '지시하다' as a very formal way of saying 'to show' or 'to tell someone to do something.' While you might not use this word yourself in basic conversations (you would use '말하다' or '보여주다'), you might see it on signs or in very simple classroom instructions. For example, a teacher might '지시' (direct) students to open their books. It's helpful to remember the '지' part comes from 'finger,' so it's like pointing your finger to show someone what to do. Think of it as 'The Boss/Teacher says: Do this!'

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At the A2 level, you start to see '지시하다' in workplace contexts or in textbooks. You should recognize it when a boss or a person in authority gives a direction. It is often used with the grammar '-(으)라고 하다' (to say to do something). For example, '의사 선생님이 약을 먹으라고 지시했어요' (The doctor directed me to take the medicine). You are moving beyond simple 'telling' to understanding formal 'directions.' You might also see it in traffic contexts, where a sign '지시' (indicates) that you must go straight.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use '지시하다' actively in professional or formal settings. You understand that it is the standard word for 'directing' or 'instructing' in an office. You can distinguish it from '명령하다' (which is too strong) and '부탁하다' (which is a request). You also begin to use it in its second sense: 'to indicate.' For example, '이 그래프는 매출이 오르고 있음을 지시합니다' (This graph indicates that sales are rising). You are comfortable with the noun form '지시' and phrases like '지시를 따르다' (to follow instructions).

At the B2 level, you use '지시하다' with nuance. You understand its role in academic writing to describe how evidence 'indicates' a certain conclusion. You can use it to discuss linguistic '지시어' (demonstratives) or semiotics. In a business environment, you can use it to describe complex workflows, such as '상부의 지시를 기다리다' (waiting for directions from above). You also understand the passive-like nuances or when it's used in news reports to describe government mandates. Your usage is precise, avoiding confusion with '가리키다' or '지적하다'.

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At the C1 level, '지시하다' becomes a tool for precise analysis. You use it in legal, technical, or philosophical discussions to define the relationship between signs and meanings. You might discuss how a law '지시' (stipulates/indicates) certain behaviors. You are aware of the subtle power dynamics implied by the word—who has the right to '지시' and the social implications of '지시' versus '권고' (recommendation). You can use it in high-level debates about data interpretation, arguing whether a specific variable '지시' a causal relationship or merely a correlation.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '지시하다' is complete. You use it to navigate the most formal hierarchies of Korean society and academia. You can analyze the etymological roots of the Hanja to explain subtle differences in classical texts. You use the word in complex sentence structures to describe abstract concepts, such as how a literary symbol '지시' a deeper historical trauma. You are also sensitive to the 'Register' of the word, knowing exactly when to use '하달하다' (to pass down an order) or '교시하다' (to instruct, often used for high leaders) as more specific alternatives to '지시하다'.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

지시하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

지시하다 means to direct or instruct someone formally.
It also means to indicate or point out facts or data.
Commonly used in offices, schools, and academic research.
Derived from Hanja: 指 (point) and 示 (show).

The Korean verb 지시하다 (指示--) is a versatile term primarily used to describe the act of directing, commanding, or pointing something out. Rooted in Hanja, where 指 (지) means 'finger' or 'to point' and 示 (시) means 'to show,' the word literally translates to 'showing by pointing.' In modern usage, it bridges the gap between physical indication and authoritative instruction. Whether a boss is telling an employee what to do or a graph is indicating a specific trend, 지시하다 is the go-to verb for these actions.

Authoritative Command: This is the most common usage in professional settings. It refers to a superior giving specific orders or directions to a subordinate. It implies a formal hierarchy where the 'direction' is expected to be followed.

팀장님은 우리에게 이번 프로젝트의 마감 기한을 엄수하라고 지시하셨다.

Translation: The team leader directed us to strictly observe the deadline for this project.

Logical or Data Indication: In academic or technical contexts, the word describes what data, evidence, or a specific sign points toward. It is used when a certain fact 'indicates' a conclusion or a specific point on a map.

Furthermore, 지시하다 can be used in linguistics or semiotics to refer to the relationship between a signifier and a signified—what a word 'points to' in the real world. This multifaceted nature makes it essential for B1 learners moving into professional or academic Korean environments. It is not just about 'telling'; it is about 'pointing the way' or 'showing the truth' through authority or evidence.

이 화살표는 비상구의 방향을 지시하고 있다.

Translation: This arrow is indicating the direction of the emergency exit.

Using 지시하다 correctly requires understanding its grammatical structures, which vary depending on whether you are giving an order or pointing to a fact. In the sense of 'directing someone,' it often takes the form [Person]에게 [Action]-(으)라고 지시하다. This '-(으)라고' ending is the indirect imperative, perfect for reporting or giving orders.

The 'Directing' Structure: Subject (The Director) + Object (The Directed) + -에게 + Verb + -(으)라고 + 지시하다. Example: 사장님은 직원들에게 회의 준비를 하라고 지시했다.

선생님은 학생들에게 조용히 하라고 지시하셨습니다.

When using it to mean 'to indicate' or 'to point out,' the structure is simpler: [Subject]이/가 [Object]를 지시하다. Here, the subject is usually a non-human entity like a sign, a word, or a data point. For example, 'The word 'apple' indicates a specific fruit.' In this context, it functions similarly to '가리키다' (to point) but feels more formal and analytical.

Common Particles: Use '-을/를' for the task being directed, and '-에게' or '-께' for the person receiving the instruction. For the 'pointing' sense, use '-을/를' for the object being pointed to.

정부는 새로운 방역 수칙을 지시했다.

You will encounter 지시하다 in several distinct environments, each emphasizing a different nuance of the word. Understanding these contexts will help you interpret the speaker's intent and the level of formality required.

1. The Corporate Office: This is the primary domain of '지시하다'. Managers, directors, and CEOs '지시' tasks. You'll hear it in phrases like '업무 지시' (work direction) or '지시 사항' (instructions/items to follow). If you work in Korea, your '부장님' (department head) will frequently '지시' things to you.

부장님의 지시 없이는 아무것도 결정할 수 없습니다.

Translation: We cannot decide anything without the department head's direction.

2. Academic and Research Papers: In research, '지시하다' is used to explain what the data shows. 'The results indicate that...' is often translated using this verb. It sounds objective and scientific. It is also used in linguistics to discuss '지시어' (demonstratives like 'this', 'that', 'there').

3. Traffic and Public Signs: Road signs that tell you where to go or what to do are called '지시 표지' (mandatory/direction signs). They '지시' the flow of traffic or specific actions like 'turn left'.

교통경찰이 수신호로 차량의 흐름을 지시하고 있다.

While 지시하다 is common, it is often misused by learners who confuse it with similar verbs or apply it in the wrong social hierarchy.

Mistake 1: Confusing with '가리키다': '가리키다' is the general word for 'to point at' something physically with a finger. '지시하다' is more formal and often implies an instruction or a symbolic indication. If you are just pointing at a cat, use '가리키다'. If a sign is indicating a direction, '지시하다' is better.

❌ 저 고양이를 지시해 보세요. (Incorrect)
✅ 저 고양이를 가리켜 보세요. (Correct)

Mistake 2: Hierarchical Misuse: Because '지시하다' implies a top-down command, you should never use it to describe yourself giving an order to a superior. Even if you are 'directing' your boss to a seat, use '안내하다' (to guide) or '말씀드리다' (to tell honorifically).

Mistake 3: Overusing '명령하다': Learners often learn '명령하다' (to command) first. However, in a normal office, '명령' sounds too aggressive, like a general to a soldier. '지시' is the appropriate level of professional authority.

To truly master 지시하다, you must distinguish it from its close relatives. Each has a specific nuance that changes the tone of your sentence.

지시하다 vs. 명령하다 (Command): 지시하다: Professional, instructional, specific tasks. (e.g., 'The boss directed me to write a report.')
명령하다: Absolute, authoritative, often military or legal. (e.g., 'The king commanded the army.')

지시하다 vs. 가리키다 (Point): 지시하다: Formal indication or instruction. (e.g., 'The data indicates a trend.')
가리키다: Physical pointing or referring to something. (e.g., 'He pointed at the clock.')

시계 바늘이 12시를 가리키고 있다. (Physical)
이 수치는 경제 위기를 지시한다. (Abstract/Indicative)

지시하다 vs. 지적하다 (Point Out/Criticize): 지시하다: Telling someone what to do.
지적하다: Pointing out a mistake or a specific fact that needs attention. (e.g., 'The teacher pointed out the error in my essay.')

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

-(으)라고 하다 (Indirect command)

-도록 하다 (To make sure to do)

-을/를 지시하다 (Direct/Indicate something)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

선생님이 숙제를 하라고 지시했어요.

The teacher directed us to do homework.

-(으)라고 지시하다 (Direct to do...)

엄마가 방을 청소하라고 지시했습니다.

Mom directed me to clean the room.

Formal ending -습니다

이 표지판은 왼쪽을 지시해요.

This sign indicates the left.

Simple present tense

저기요, 길을 지시해 주세요.

Excuse me, please show/direct me the way.

-아/어 주세요 (Request)

의사가 물을 많이 마시라고 지시해요.

The doctor directs to drink a lot of water.

Subject + Object + Verb-라고

아빠가 일찍 오라고 지시했어요.

Dad directed me to come early.

Past tense -았/었-

경찰이 멈추라고 지시합니다.

The police direct to stop.

Formal polite style

책의 페이지를 지시해 주세요.

Please point out the page in the book.

Noun + 을/를

부장님이 회의실로 오라고 지시하셨습니다.

The manager directed us to come to the meeting room.

Honorific -시-

이 화살표는 출구를 지시하고 있습니다.

This arrow is indicating the exit.

-고 있다 (Progressive)

그는 손가락으로 북쪽을 지시했다.

He indicated the north with his finger.

Adverbial -으로 (with/by)

회사는 직원들에게 마스크 착용을 지시했다.

The company directed employees to wear masks.

Noun + 지시하다

선생님은 조용히 하라고 지시하셨어요.

The teacher directed us to be quiet.

Indirect command

정부는 대피하라고 지시했습니다.

The government directed people to evacuate.

Formal past tense

지도에서 우리 위치를 지시해 보세요.

Try to point out our location on the map.

-아/어 보다 (Try doing)

상사가 보고서를 수정하라고 지시했다.

The boss directed to revise the report.

Plain style past tense

팀장님은 업무의 우선순위를 명확히 지시하셨다.

The team leader clearly directed the priorities of the work.

Adverb 명확히 (clearly)

연구 결과는 환경 오염의 심각성을 지시한다.

The research results indicate the seriousness of environmental pollution.

Abstract subject

그 단어는 특정한 역사적 사건을 지시합니다.

That word indicates a specific historical event.

Indicative sense

관리인은 외부인의 출입 금지를 지시했다.

The manager directed the prohibition of entry for outsiders.

Noun phrase object

컴퓨터 화면의 오류 메시지가 문제를 지시하고 있다.

The error message on the computer screen is indicating a problem.

Progressive tense

그는 비서에게 일정을 확인하라고 지시했다.

He directed his secretary to check the schedule.

Indirect imperative

이 표는 인구 변화의 추이를 지시해 줍니다.

This table indicates the trend of population change.

-아/어 주다 (Auxiliary verb)

상관의 지시를 어기는 것은 위험하다.

It is dangerous to disobey a superior's direction.

Noun form '지시'

본부는 각 지점에 보안 강화를 지시하는 공문을 보냈다.

Headquarters sent an official document directing each branch to strengthen security.

Participial -는 (modifying 공문)

언어학에서 기표는 기의를 지시하는 역할을 한다.

In linguistics, the signifier plays the role of indicating the signified.

Academic terminology

감독은 배우들에게 감정 표현을 더 절제하라고 지시했다.

The director directed the actors to be more restrained in their emotional expression.

Adverbial usage

이 지표들은 경제가 회복세에 있음을 지시하고 있다.

These indicators are pointing to the fact that the economy is in recovery.

-음 (Noun clause)

판사는 증인에게 사실만을 말하라고 엄격히 지시했다.

The judge strictly directed the witness to speak only the truth.

Adverb 엄격히 (strictly)

매뉴얼은 비상시 행동 요령을 상세히 지시하고 있다.

The manual detailedly directs the action procedures in case of emergency.

Detailed description

그의 침묵은 동의가 아니라 거절을 지시하는 것일 수도 있다.

His silence might be indicating refusal, not agreement.

-을 수도 있다 (Possibility)

정부는 물가 안정을 위해 행정 지시를 내렸다.

The government issued administrative directions for price stability.

Noun '지시' + 내리다

해당 법조항은 피고인의 권리를 명시적으로 지시하고 있지 않다.

The relevant legal clause does not explicitly indicate the defendant's rights.

Negative -고 있지 않다

철학자는 언어가 실재를 직접적으로 지시할 수 있는지 의문을 제기했다.

The philosopher questioned whether language can directly indicate reality.

Interrogative clause -는지

데이터의 상관관계가 반드시 인과관계를 지시하는 것은 아니다.

Correlation in data does not necessarily indicate causation.

Partial negation -는 것은 아니다

상급자의 부당한 지시에 어떻게 대응해야 하는가는 중요한 문제다.

How to respond to an unfair direction from a superior is an important issue.

Adjective 부당한 (unfair)

이 텍스트에서 '그곳'이 지시하는 대상은 중의적이다.

The object indicated by 'that place' in this text is ambiguous.

Ambiguity '중의적'

대통령은 군 통수권자로서 작전 지시를 수행했다.

The President carried out operational directions as the commander-in-chief.

As a... '-로서'

설문 조사 결과는 소비자 기호의 급격한 변화를 지시한다.

The survey results indicate a rapid change in consumer preferences.

Noun phrase object

그는 눈짓으로 나에게 조용히 하라는 지시를 보냈다.

He sent me a direction to be quiet with a wink/glance.

Noun phrase modification

기호학적 관점에서 모든 텍스트는 끊임없이 다른 텍스트를 지시한다.

From a semiotic perspective, every text constantly indicates other texts.

Semiotics '기호학적'

정치적 담론에서 특정 용어는 이데올로기적 지향성을 지시하기 마련이다.

In political discourse, certain terms are bound to indicate ideological orientations.

-기 마련이다 (Bound to happen)

사건의 정황 증거들은 모두 피고인의 유죄를 지시하고 있었다.

The circumstantial evidence of the case all indicated the defendant's guilt.

Circumstantial evidence '정황 증거'

그의 발언은 조직 내의 권력 구조가 재편되고 있음을 암묵적으로 지시했다.

His remarks implicitly indicated that the power structure within the organization was being reorganized.

Implicitly '암묵적으로'

예술 작품에서 여백은 때로 존재하지 않는 실재를 지시하는 공간이 된다.

In works of art, empty space sometimes becomes a space that indicates a non-existent reality.

Metaphorical usage

지시 대상의 부재는 현대 시에서 흔히 나타나는 주제적 특징이다.

The absence of the indicated object is a common thematic characteristic in modern poetry.

Literary analysis

정부는 시장의 과열을 막기 위해 강력한 행정적 지시를 하달했다.

The government issued strong administrative directions to prevent market overheating.

Formal verb '하달하다'

이 현상은 물리학의 근본 법칙이 수정되어야 함을 지시할 수도 있다.

This phenomenon might indicate that the fundamental laws of physics need to be revised.

Scientific hypothesis

مترادف‌ها

명령하다 가리키다 안내하다 훈계하다 지도하다

متضادها

복종하다 따르다

ترکیب‌های رایج

업무를 지시하다 (to direct work)

방향을 지시하다 (to indicate direction)

수치가 지시하다 (the figures indicate...)

엄격히 지시하다 (to strictly direct)

구체적으로 지시하다 (to direct specifically)

지시를 내리다 (to give a direction)

지시를 받다 (to receive a direction)

지시를 따르다 (to follow a direction)

지시를 어기다 (to disobey a direction)

지시 사항 (instruction items)

عبارات رایج

지시 사항을 확인하세요. (Check the instructions.)

누가 지시했습니까? (Who gave the order?)

상부의 지시입니다. (It is a direction from above.)

지시대로 했습니다. (I did as directed.)

지시를 기다리고 있습니다. (I am waiting for directions.)

지시 봉 (pointing stick)

지시어 (demonstrative word)

지시 등 (indicator light/turn signal)

지시 위반 (violation of instructions)

업무 지시서 (work order form)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

지시하다 vs 가리키다 (Physical pointing)

지시하다 vs 지적하다 (Pointing out a mistake)

지시하다 vs 명령하다 (Stronger command)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"손가락으로 지시하다 (To point with a finger - literal but common)"

"눈짓으로 지시하다 (To direct with one's eyes/a glance)"

"입으로만 지시하다 (To only give orders without helping/acting)"

"지시가 떨어지다 (For an order to be issued/come down)"

"지시를 밥 먹듯이 하다 (To give orders constantly/habitually)"

"위에서 아래로 지시하다 (Top-down direction)"

"일사불란하게 지시를 따르다 (To follow directions in perfect order)"

"지시의 칼날 (The sharp edge of a command - metaphorical)"

"지시를 씹다 (Slang: To ignore/disregard an order)"

"지시의 늪 (A swamp of instructions - being overwhelmed by orders)"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

지시하다 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

nuance

It implies a clear, specific goal or direction, unlike '명령' which is just about power.

frequency

Very high in professional and academic Korean.

اشتباهات رایج

Using it for physical pointing at random objects (use 가리키다).
Using it to describe a subordinate giving orders to a boss.
Confusing it with '지지하다' (to support).
Using it for ordering food in a restaurant (use 주문하다).
Forgetting the '-(으)라고' grammar in indirect commands.

نکات

Indirect Speech

Always pair '지시하다' with '-(으)라고' when reporting what someone was told to do.

Hanja Root

Remember '지' (finger). It helps you remember that the word involves 'pointing' out what to do.

Workplace Etiquette

When a boss gives a '지시', respond with '알겠습니다' or '네, 지시하신 대로 하겠습니다'.

Academic Tone

Use '지시하다' to describe what your data suggests to sound more objective.

Clarity

Be specific about the object. Instead of just '지시했다', say '업무를 지시했다'.

Context Clues

If you hear '지시', look for an authority figure or a sign in the context.

Official Documents

In Korean contracts or manuals, '지시' often appears in the 'Duties' section.

Visualization

Imagine a conductor '지시'ing an orchestra. They point to show when to play.

Avoid Overuse

Don't use it for simple requests like 'Pass the salt'.

Soft 'S'

The 'si' in 'jisi' is like 'sea', not 'she'.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

Middle Chinese origin, used in Korean to denote formal pointing or instruction.

بافت فرهنگی

Teachers '지시' students during exams (e.g., 'Put down your pens').

The phrase '지시 사항' is common in morning meetings.

Never use '지시하다' to describe your own actions toward someone older.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"오늘 부장님이 어떤 지시를 내리셨나요?"

"이 표지판이 지시하는 곳이 어디인지 아세요?"

"상사의 지시가 이해되지 않을 때 어떻게 하세요?"

"연구 결과가 무엇을 지시하고 있다고 생각하십니까?"

"아이들에게 공부하라고 지시하는 편인가요?"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 내가 받은 가장 중요한 지시는 무엇이었나?

누군가에게 지시를 내릴 때 가장 중요하게 생각하는 것은?

내가 본 데이터가 지시하는 미래의 모습은 어떤가?

부당한 지시를 받았을 때의 경험을 써보세요.

지시를 따르는 것과 스스로 결정하는 것 중 무엇이 더 편한가?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It's usually too formal. If you use it with friends, it might sound like you are acting like their boss. Use '말하다' or '시키다' (if joking) instead.

'지시' is professional and instructional (office context). '명령' is authoritative and absolute (military or law context).

No. A sign, a graph, or a word can '지시' (indicate) something without a person being involved.

You can say '지시를 따르다' or '지시를 이행하다' (more formal).

Yes, it comes from 指示 (지시).

Yes, but '가리키다' is more common for the physical act. '지시하다' is used when the pointing has a formal meaning.

It is a linguistic term for demonstratives like 'this', 'that', and 'it'.

Yes, '지시' is the noun form meaning 'instruction' or 'direction'.

No, you '주문하다' (order food). You don't '지시' the waiter.

It means 'work direction' or 'task assignment' in an office.

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