Sujo در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Sujo means 'dirty' and must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies (sujo, suja, sujos, sujas).
- It is primarily used with the verb 'estar' to describe temporary states of uncleanness in objects or people.
- Beyond physical dirt, it idiomaticlly refers to corruption, unfair play, and bad credit ('nome sujo').
- Common synonyms include 'imundo' (filthy) and 'encardido' (deeply stained), while the opposite is 'limpo'.
The Portuguese word sujo is a fundamental adjective that every learner must master early in their journey. At its most basic level, it translates to 'dirty' in English. However, its application spans far beyond just physical grime. In the Lusophone world, sujo describes anything that has lost its purity, whether that be a physical object covered in mud, a moral character tainted by corruption, or even a financial record marred by debt. Understanding 'sujo' requires a grasp of its gendered forms: sujo (masculine singular), suja (feminine singular), sujos (masculine plural), and sujas (feminine plural). This agreement is crucial because, in Portuguese, the state of being 'dirty' must always align with the noun it describes.
- Physical State
- Refers to objects, places, or people covered in dust, mud, or stains. Example: 'O chão está sujo' (The floor is dirty).
- Moral/Ethical State
- Refers to actions or reputations that are dishonest. Example: 'Ele joga sujo' (He plays dirty/unfairly).
- Financial Context
- In Brazil, having a 'nome sujo' means being on a credit blacklist.
O menino chegou em casa com o rosto todo sujo de chocolate após a festa.
When we look deeper into the word, we find it stems from the Latin sucidus, which originally meant 'juicy' or 'greasy,' often referring to wool that hadn't been cleaned of its natural oils. Over centuries, the meaning shifted from 'greasy' to 'unclean' in a general sense. This evolution is fascinating because it highlights how language moves from specific physical descriptions to broad conceptual categories. In modern usage, 'sujo' is the direct opposite of 'limpo' (clean). Whether you are talking about a 'copo sujo' (dirty glass) in a restaurant or a 'político sujo' (corrupt politician) in the news, the core concept remains the presence of something unwanted or impure.
Não toque na parede; ela ainda está suja de tinta fresca.
Os sapatos dele estão muito sujos por causa da chuva de ontem.
Aquelas janelas estão sujas há meses; precisamos limpá-las logo.
Cuidado com esse dinheiro sujo; ele veio de atividades ilegais.
- Degree of Dirtiness
- 'Sujinho' (a little dirty) vs 'Imundo' (filthy).
- Metaphorical Use
- 'Consciência suja' (guilty conscience).
Using sujo correctly involves more than just knowing the translation. You must master the syntax and the cultural nuances of when to apply it. In Portuguese, adjectives usually follow the noun. Therefore, you say 'um carro sujo' (a dirty car) rather than 'um sujo carro'. However, when used with the verb 'estar' (to be), it describes a temporary state. If you say 'O prato está sujo', you imply it needs washing. If you were to use 'ser' (though rare for 'sujo'), you would be implying an inherent quality of being dirty, which is usually reserved for people with poor hygiene habits ('Ele é sujo').
Agreement is the most common pitfall for English speakers. Because English doesn't change 'dirty' for plural or feminine nouns, learners often forget to say 'roupas sujas' or 'quartos sujos'. Practice this by looking around your room and labeling things: 'janela suja', 'tapete sujo', 'meias sujas'. Furthermore, 'sujo' can be intensified. You can use 'muito sujo' (very dirty), 'completamente sujo' (completely dirty), or the superlative 'sujíssimo' (extremely dirty). This last form is very common in spoken Portuguese when someone wants to emphasize their disgust or the level of cleaning required.
O banheiro do estádio estava sujíssimo depois do jogo.
Another advanced usage is the substantive form. Sometimes 'o sujo' can refer to the dirt itself or a dirty person in a proverbial context. In slang, especially in urban Brazil, 'sujo' can describe a place that is 'hot' or dangerous due to police presence or criminal activity. For example, 'O clima está sujo' might mean 'Things are getting tense/dangerous here'. This versatility makes it a high-frequency word that appears in police procedurals, kitchen conversations, and political debates alike.
You will encounter sujo in a variety of environments. In a domestic setting, it's the star of the show during cleaning days. Parents tell children: 'Não ponha o pé sujo no sofá!' (Don't put your dirty foot on the sofa!). In restaurants, you might need to catch a waiter's attention because 'O garfo está sujo' (The fork is dirty). These are the most practical, everyday uses that an A1-A2 learner will need to navigate life in a Portuguese-speaking country.
- At Home
- Discussing laundry (roupa suja) or dishes (louça suja).
- In the City
- Complaining about 'ruas sujas' (dirty streets) or 'ar sujo' (polluted air).
- In Sports
- Commentators discussing a 'jogo sujo' (a game with many fouls or cheating).
In the professional world, specifically in finance and law in Brazil, the term 'nome sujo' is ubiquitous. It refers to someone whose CPF (tax ID) is listed in credit protection agencies like SERASA or SPC due to unpaid debts. You will hear people say, 'Não posso financiar o carro porque meu nome está sujo'. This is a critical cultural and economic concept. Similarly, in politics, 'ficha suja' (dirty record) refers to a law (Lei da Ficha Limpa) that prevents candidates with certain criminal convictions from running for office. Hearing 'sujo' in these contexts indicates a serious discussion about ethics and legality.
The most frequent error is the lack of gender and number agreement. Since 'dirty' is invariable in English, students often default to 'sujo' for everything. Remember: A mão está suja (The hand is dirty) - 'mão' is feminine! Another mistake is confusing 'sujo' with 'manchado' (stained). While a shirt with a coffee drop is 'manchada', a shirt you wore for a week is 'suja'. 'Sujo' implies a general state of needing a wash, whereas 'manchado' implies a specific mark that might be permanent.
Errado: As toalhas estão
sujo.
Correto: As toalhas estão sujas.
Another nuance is the difference between 'sujo' and 'encardido'. 'Encardido' is a specific type of 'sujo' where the dirt has penetrated the fibers of a fabric or the pores of a surface, making it very hard to clean. If you call someone's white shirt 'suja', it just needs a wash. If you call it 'encardida', you are saying it's yellowed and looks old and poorly cared for. Using 'sujo' when you mean 'encardido' is technically correct but lacks the descriptive power of a native speaker.
- Agreement Error
- Using masculine singular for feminine plural nouns.
- Verb Choice
- Using 'ser' instead of 'estar' for temporary dirtiness.
- False Cognates
- Do not confuse with 'sujeito' (subject/individual), though they share a root.
To truly enrich your vocabulary, you should know the synonyms and related terms for sujo. Imundo is the most common intensifier, meaning 'filthy' or 'revoltingly dirty'. If a place is 'imundo', it's beyond just needing a quick sweep; it's a health hazard. Porco (literally 'pig') can be used as an adjective to describe someone with very poor hygiene or a very messy room ('Que quarto porco!').
On the more technical side, we have contaminado (contaminated) for scientific or medical contexts, and poluído (polluted) for environmental contexts like rivers or air. While a river can be 'sujo' (containing trash), it is more accurately 'poluído' if it contains chemicals. For clothes, usado (used) is sometimes a polite euphemism for 'sujo'. If you ask, 'Esta camisa está limpa?', someone might reply, 'Não, já está usada', implying it's not fresh anymore.
- Imundo
- Extremely dirty, filthy.
- Encardido
- Deep-seated dirt that is hard to remove.
- Seboso
- Greasy/Oily dirt (often used for hair or skin).
- Manchado
- Stained.
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Adjective-Noun Agreement
Ser vs Estar
Superlative formation (-íssimo)
Diminutive formation (-inho)
Placement of adjectives
مثالها بر اساس سطح
O meu sapato está sujo.
My shoe is dirty.
Masculine singular agreement with 'sapato'.
A mesa está suja.
The table is dirty.
Feminine singular agreement with 'mesa'.
Os copos estão sujos.
The glasses are dirty.
Masculine plural agreement.
As mãos estão sujas.
The hands are dirty.
Feminine plural agreement (mão is feminine).
O prato não está sujo.
The plate is not dirty.
Negative sentence structure.
Você está sujo de terra.
You are dirty with dirt/mud.
Use of 'de' to indicate the source of dirt.
Onde está o pano sujo?
Where is the dirty cloth?
Attributive use (adjective after noun).
O gato está sujo.
The cat is dirty.
Simple subject-verb-adjective.
Eu preciso lavar esta roupa suja.
I need to wash these dirty clothes.
Common collocation 'roupa suja'.
A rua ficou suja depois da festa.
The street got dirty after the party.
Verb 'ficar' showing a change of state.
Não coma com as mãos sujas.
Don't eat with dirty hands.
Imperative context.
O ar aqui é muito sujo por causa das fábricas.
The air here is very dirty because of the factories.
Use of 'ser' for a permanent/characteristic state.
O cachorro entrou sujo na sala.
The dog entered the living room dirty.
Adjective describing the subject during an action.
A janela está tão suja que não vejo nada.
The window is so dirty that I can't see anything.
Consecutive clause with 'tão... que'.
Ele sempre deixa o quarto sujo.
He always leaves the room dirty.
Verb 'deixar' + object + adjective.
Nós limpamos o chão sujo.
We cleaned the dirty floor.
Past tense 'limpamos'.
Ele não pode pedir um empréstimo porque tem o nome sujo.
He can't ask for a loan because he has a 'dirty name' (bad credit).
Idiomatic financial expression.
Foi um jogo sujo, com muitas faltas violentas.
It was a dirty game, with many violent fouls.
Metaphorical use in sports.
Eu não quero me envolver nesse negócio sujo.
I don't want to get involved in this dirty business.
Refers to illegal or unethical activity.
A consciência dele está suja depois da mentira.
His conscience is dirty (guilty) after the lie.
Abstract metaphorical use.
Lave a louça suja antes de sair.
Wash the dirty dishes before leaving.
Collocation 'louça suja'.
O político foi acusado de usar dinheiro sujo na campanha.
The politician was accused of using dirty money in the campaign.
Refers to illicit funds.
Não fale assim, isso é uma boca suja!
Don't talk like that, that's a dirty mouth (cursing)!
Idiom for using profanity.
O rio está sujo de óleo.
The river is dirty with oil.
Environmental context.
O candidato é ficha suja e não pode concorrer.
The candidate has a dirty record and cannot run for office.
Specific Brazilian legal term 'ficha suja'.
Eles jogaram sujo para ganhar a licitação.
They played dirty to win the tender.
Adverbial use of 'sujo' with 'jogar'.
A cidade está imunda, nunca vi as ruas tão sujas.
The city is filthy; I've never seen the streets so dirty.
Comparison with synonym 'imundo'.
É o sujo falando do mal lavado.
It's the dirty talking about the badly washed (pot calling the kettle black).
Proverbial expression.
A reputação dele ficou suja após o escândalo.
His reputation became dirty after the scandal.
Metaphorical state.
O apartamento estava sujíssimo quando nos mudamos.
The apartment was extremely dirty when we moved in.
Superlative absolute 'sujíssimo'.
Cuidado, esse bairro é meio sujo à noite.
Careful, this neighborhood is a bit 'dirty' (dangerous) at night.
Slang for dangerous/sketchy.
A água da represa está suja e imprópria para o banho.
The dam water is dirty and unfit for swimming.
Technical/Safety context.
A trama do filme revela o lado sujo da alta sociedade.
The film's plot reveals the dirty side of high society.
Abstract social critique.
Havia um rastro sujo de corrupção em todos os níveis do governo.
There was a dirty trail of corruption at all levels of government.
Complex metaphorical imagery.
O tecido tinha um tom de branco sujo, quase bege.
The fabric had a shade of dirty white, almost beige.
Describing color nuances.
Ela sentia-se suja por ter omitido a verdade.
She felt dirty for having omitted the truth.
Internal psychological state.
O historiador descreveu a 'guerra suja' com detalhes sombrios.
The historian described the 'dirty war' with somber details.
Historical terminology.
O processo foi sujo desde o início, com manipulação de provas.
The process was dirty from the start, with evidence tampering.
Legal/Procedural context.
Não suporto esse tipo de humor sujo.
I can't stand that kind of dirty humor.
Refers to vulgarity.
A fumaça deixava um resíduo sujo nas paredes da caverna.
The smoke left a dirty residue on the cave walls.
Descriptive physical residue.
A dialética empregada era suja, visando apenas confundir o interlocutor.
The dialectic employed was dirty, aiming only to confuse the interlocutor.
Philosophical/Rhetorical context.
O realismo sujo da literatura contemporânea chocou os críticos mais tradicionais.
The dirty realism of contemporary literature shocked the more traditional critics.
Literary movement (Dirty Realism).
Sob a superfície polida, escondia-se um mecanismo sujo de exploração.
Beneath the polished surface lay a dirty mechanism of exploitation.
Metaphorical contrast.
A vacuidade de suas palavras era mascarada por um verniz sujo de erudição.
The vacuity of his words was masked by a dirty varnish of erudition.
Highly abstract/Poetic.
O perito identificou que os dados estavam sujos, comprometendo a análise estatística.
The expert identified that the data was 'dirty', compromising the statistical analysis.
Technical term (Dirty Data).
Sua alma parecia suja pelas escolhas pragmáticas que fizera na vida.
His soul seemed dirty from the pragmatic choices he had made in life.
Existential/Metaphorical.
A negociação foi marcada por um jogo sujo de espionagem industrial.
The negotiation was marked by a dirty game of industrial espionage.
Corporate/Legal context.
O ambiente fétido e sujo da masmorra evocava séculos de abandono.
The fetid and dirty environment of the dungeon evoked centuries of neglect.
Evocative literary description.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
'Sujo' can be used as a noun in proverbs.
In Brazil, 'sujo' can mean 'police are coming' in very specific slang.
- Forgetting gender agreement (e.g., 'A janela está sujo').
- Using 'ser' for temporary dirt (e.g., 'O chão é sujo' instead of 'está sujo').
- Confusing 'sujo' with 'manchado' for specific stains.
- Mispronouncing the 'j' as an English 'j' or 'h'.
- Not using the plural form for plural nouns (e.g., 'Meus sapatos está sujo').
نکات
Gender Agreement
Always match 'sujo' with the noun's gender. A common mistake is saying 'a mão sujo' instead of 'a mão suja'. Remember that 'mão' is feminine despite ending in 'o'. Practice with common feminine nouns like 'casa', 'mesa', and 'roupa'.
Use Intensifiers
Instead of just 'muito sujo', try using 'imundo'. It makes your Portuguese sound more natural and expressive. You can also use the suffix '-íssimo' to create 'sujíssimo'. This is very common in spoken Portuguese for emphasis.
Credit Matters
Understand the phrase 'nome sujo' if you live in Brazil. It's a vital part of daily economic life and conversations. It refers to credit scores and debt registries like Serasa. Knowing this helps you understand news and financial discussions.
Boteco Culture
Don't be afraid of a 'copo sujo' bar. In Brazil, these are often the best places for authentic food and cold beer. The term is usually ironic and affectionate, not literal. It signifies a place that is simple and unpretentious.
Abstract Usage
Use 'sujo' to describe unethical actions in your writing. Phrases like 'jogo sujo' or 'negócio sujo' add depth to your descriptions. It moves your vocabulary from basic physical descriptions to abstract concepts. This is a hallmark of B1-B2 level proficiency.
The 'J' Sound
The 'j' in 'sujo' is a voiced palato-alveolar sibilant. It's the same sound as the 's' in 'treasure' or 'vision'. Make sure not to pronounce it like the English 'j' in 'juice'. Keep the airflow steady and vibrate your vocal cords.
Ser vs Estar
Use 'estar' for things that can be cleaned, like a car or a floor. Use 'ser' for things that are inherently dirty, like a sewer or a corrupt person. This distinction is vital for conveying the right meaning. 'O prato está sujo' implies it needs washing now.
The Pot and Kettle
Memorize 'O sujo falando do mal lavado'. It's a very common way to call out hypocrisy. It literally means 'the dirty one talking about the badly washed one'. It's the perfect Portuguese equivalent to the 'pot calling the kettle black'.
Context Clues
When you hear 'sujo' in the news, look for words like 'política' or 'dinheiro'. This will tell you if the topic is about physical dirt or corruption. Context is key because the word is so versatile. It helps you categorize the information quickly.
Polite Requests
If you need something cleaned, use 'está um pouco sujo'. Adding 'um pouco' (a little) makes the criticism softer and more polite. For example: 'Este garfo está um pouco sujo, pode trocar?'. It's a useful social survival phrase.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Soot' - it starts with 'S' and makes things 'Sujo'.
ریشه کلمه
Latin
بافت فرهنگی
The term 'boteco copo sujo' refers to a dive bar, often loved for its authenticity.
The expression 'lavar a roupa suja' is used frequently in media regarding political scandals.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"Você acha que esta cidade é suja?"
"Como você limpa seus sapatos quando estão sujos?"
"Você já teve o nome sujo alguma vez?"
"O que você faz quando recebe um prato sujo no restaurante?"
"Você acha que o futebol hoje em dia é um jogo sujo?"
موضوعات نگارش
Descreva um lugar sujo que você visitou.
O que significa 'ter a consciência limpa' para você?
Escreva sobre a última vez que você teve que lavar muita roupa suja.
Como a poluição (ar sujo) afeta sua vida?
Você prefere um 'copo sujo' (boteco) ou um restaurante chique?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالYou can use 'imundo' or the superlative 'sujíssimo'. Both convey a high degree of dirtiness. 'Imundo' is often stronger and more visceral. It is used when something is revoltingly dirty. 'Sujíssimo' is the grammatically intensified version of 'sujo'.
Yes, but be careful. 'Ele está sujo' means he has dirt on him right now. 'Ele é sujo' means he has poor hygiene or is a dishonest person. Using 'ser' makes it a character trait. Always consider the verb choice carefully.
It means your name is on a credit blacklist. This happens when you don't pay your bills on time in Brazil. It prevents you from getting credit cards or loans. It is a very common and stressful situation for many. It is not about your physical name being dirty.
No, it is a standard adjective. However, calling a person 'sujo' can be an insult. It implies they are either physically unhygienic or morally corrupt. In a restaurant, it is perfectly fine to say a glass is sujo. Context determines the level of politeness.
'Sujo' is general dirt that usually comes off easily. 'Encardido' is dirt that has 'soaked in' over time. It is common for white clothes that have turned yellowish. It implies the dirt is very hard to remove. You would use 'encardido' for an old mop or a stained shirt.
For masculine nouns, use 'sujos'. For feminine nouns, use 'sujas'. For example: 'carros sujos' and 'camisas sujas'. The pronunciation of the 'o' in 'sujos' remains the same. The agreement is mandatory in Portuguese grammar.
In specific Brazilian slang, yes. If someone says 'o clima está sujo', they mean there is danger. This often refers to police presence in a specific area. It is a very informal, street-level usage. You won't hear this in formal settings.
It refers to a person with a criminal record. Specifically, it relates to the 'Lei da Ficha Limpa' in Brazil. This law bars corrupt politicians from running for office. A 'ficha suja' politician is one who has been convicted. It is a major topic in Brazilian politics.
Yes, if you are talking to a woman, say 'Você está suja'. If talking to a man, say 'Você está sujo'. If talking to a group, use 'sujos' or 'sujas'. Adjectives always agree with the person or thing they describe. This is a key rule for learners.
The direct opposite is 'limpo' (clean). Like 'sujo', it must agree in gender and number: limpo, limpa, limpos, limpas. Other opposites include 'puro' (pure) or 'asseado' (neat/clean). 'Limpo' is the most common and versatile antonym.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
Mastering 'sujo' requires understanding its physical application (dirty clothes), its financial application (bad credit), and its moral application (unfair behavior), while always ensuring grammatical agreement with the noun.
- Sujo means 'dirty' and must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies (sujo, suja, sujos, sujas).
- It is primarily used with the verb 'estar' to describe temporary states of uncleanness in objects or people.
- Beyond physical dirt, it idiomaticlly refers to corruption, unfair play, and bad credit ('nome sujo').
- Common synonyms include 'imundo' (filthy) and 'encardido' (deeply stained), while the opposite is 'limpo'.
Gender Agreement
Always match 'sujo' with the noun's gender. A common mistake is saying 'a mão sujo' instead of 'a mão suja'. Remember that 'mão' is feminine despite ending in 'o'. Practice with common feminine nouns like 'casa', 'mesa', and 'roupa'.
Use Intensifiers
Instead of just 'muito sujo', try using 'imundo'. It makes your Portuguese sound more natural and expressive. You can also use the suffix '-íssimo' to create 'sujíssimo'. This is very common in spoken Portuguese for emphasis.
Credit Matters
Understand the phrase 'nome sujo' if you live in Brazil. It's a vital part of daily economic life and conversations. It refers to credit scores and debt registries like Serasa. Knowing this helps you understand news and financial discussions.
Boteco Culture
Don't be afraid of a 'copo sujo' bar. In Brazil, these are often the best places for authentic food and cold beer. The term is usually ironic and affectionate, not literal. It signifies a place that is simple and unpretentious.
محتوای مرتبط
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر home
à direita de
A2To the right side of something or someone.
à esquerda de
A2To the left side of something or someone.
a gás
B1گازسوز. برای توصیف وسایل یا خودروهایی که با سوخت گاز کار میکنند استفاده میشود.
a minha
B1My (feminine singular possessive determiner).
a nossa
B1مال ما (مؤنث مفرد).
a tua
B1مال تو (غیر رسمی، مونث). 'a tua casa' یعنی 'خانه تو'.
abafado
A2هوا در این اتاق کوچک خیلی دمکرده و خفه است.
abaixo de
A2گربه زیر میز (abaixo de) است.
abajur
A2آباژور یک چراغ رومیزی کوچک با کلاهک است.
abrir à chave
A2با کلید باز کردن. عمل استفاده از کلید برای باز کردن قفل در یا صندوق.
