به تعویق انداختن کارها: چگونه از 'Put off' استفاده کنیم
put off یاد میگیری کارها رو «عقب بندازی». یادت باشه ضمیرها همیشه «وسط» جمله میان.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'put off' to talk about delaying tasks or making someone lose interest in something.
- Use 'put off' + [noun/gerund] to mean postpone: 'I put off doing my taxes.'
- It is separable: 'Put the meeting off' or 'Put off the meeting' are both correct.
- Pronouns MUST go in the middle: 'Put it off,' never 'Put off it.'
مرور کلی
put off است.postpone محسوب میشود. در واقع، اگر بخواهید مانند یک فرد بومی (Native) صحبت کنید، باید بدانید که آنها به ندرت در گفتگوهای دوستانه از کلمات سنگین استفاده میکنند و ترجیح میدهند با افعال عبارتی (Phrasal Verbs) منظور خود را برسانند. در این مقاله، ما به بررسی دقیق ساختار، کاربرد و اشتباهات رایج فارسیزبانان در استفاده از put off میپردازیم تا بتوانید با اعتماد به نفس بیشتری از آن در جملات خود استفاده کنید.put off ابتدا باید با مفهوم «فعل عبارتی» یا همان Phrasal Verb آشنا شویم. در زبان فارسی، ما پدیدهای مشابه به نام «فعل مرکب» داریم. به عنوان مثال، فعل «عقب انداختن» از یک صفت/قید (عقب) و یک فعل (انداختن) تشکیل شده است که در کنار هم معنای جدیدی میسازند.put off از ترکیب فعل put (گذاشتن) و حرف اضافه یا جزء دستوری off ساخته شده است.put به تنهایی یعنی «قرار دادن»، ترکیب آن با off به معنای «به تعویق انداختن» (delay/postpone) است.put off از نوع افعال عبارتی «جداشدنی» (Separable) است. این یعنی مفعول جمله میتواند هم بعد از کل عبارت بیاید و هم بین دو بخش فعل قرار بگیرد. این ویژگی برای فارسیزبانان کمی عجیب است، چون ما در فارسی اجزای فعل مرکب را معمولاً از هم جدا نمیکنیم تا مفعول را وسط آن بگذاریم.the meeting یا the homework) باشد، دو انتخاب دارید:- حالت متصل:
put off+اسم - مثال:
I decided to put off the meeting.(تصمیم گرفتم جلسه را عقب بیندازم.) - حالت جدا:
put+اسم+off - مثال:
I decided to put the meeting off.
it, them, me)، شما فقط و فقط مجاز هستید آن را بین دو بخش فعل قرار دهید. در انگلیسی هرگز نمیگوییم put off it.- ساختار صحیح:
put+ضمیر+off - مثال:
I have a lot of work, but I’ll put it off until tomorrow.(کار زیادی دارم، اما آن را تا فردا عقب میاندازم.)
ing دار یا همان Gerund بیاید. این یک قاعده کلی است که بعد از حروف اضافه، فعل به صورت ing میآید.- ساختار:
put off+verb-ing - مثال:
She puts off doing her assignments.(او انجام تکالیفش را عقب میاندازد.)
put off the task | Don't put off the exam. | امتحان را عقب نینداز. |put the task off | Don't put the exam off. | امتحان را عقب نینداز. |put it off | I will put it off. | آن را عقب خواهم انداخت. |put off + ing | He put off buying a car. | او خرید ماشین را عقب انداخت. |put off در موقعیتهای مختلفی کاربرد دارد که در ادامه به رایجترین آنها در زندگی روزمره و کاری میپردازیم:put off بهترین گزینه است.- مثال:
I always put off going to the dentist because I'm afraid.
- مثال:
We had to put off the conference until next month due to the budget issues.
- مثال:
They decided to put off their wedding until the summer.
- مثال:
Can we put off our coffee date to Friday?
put off it. اما همانطور که گفته شد، ضمیر باید همیشه در وسط باشد.- اشتباه:
I'm too tired to wash the dishes, so I'll put off them. - درست:
I'm too tired to wash the dishes, so I'll put them off.
to قبل از فعل دومto go استفاده کنند.- اشتباه:
He put off to call his parents. - درست:
He put off calling his parents. - نکته آموزشی: همیشه به یاد داشته باشید که
offیک حرف اضافه است و بعد از حروف اضافه در انگلیسی، فعل به صورتingمیآید.
put off ممکن است کمی بیش از حد خودمانی به نظر برسد. در این مواقع بهتر است از postpone یا defer استفاده کنید.- نامناسب در نامه رسمی:
The company put off the signing of the contract. - مناسب:
The company postponed the signing of the contract.
put off را با کلمات مشابه بدانید. در جدول زیر این تفاوتها را بررسی کردهایم:Put off | نیمهرسمی / دوستانه | عقب انداختن یک کار به صورت ارادی | I put off my homework. |Postpone | رسمی | تغییر زمان یک رویداد رسمی | The meeting was postponed. |Delay | خنثی | تاخیر (معمولاً غیرارادی یا به دلیل عوامل بیرونی) | The flight was delayed by rain. |Call off | نیمهرسمی | لغو کردن کامل (کنسل کردن) | They called off the match. |put off را با call off اشتباه میگیرند. به یاد داشته باشید که put off یعنی «الان انجام نمیدهیم ولی بعداً انجام میدهیم»، اما call off یعنی «کلاً انجام نمیدهیم و لغو شد».put off برای آدمها هم استفاده کنم؟He puts me off یعنی «او باعث میشود من از چیزی یا کسی بدم بیاید» یا «او تمرکز من را به هم میزند». برای معنای «عقب انداختن»، این فعل معمولاً برای کارها، جلسات و تصمیمات به کار میرود.put off با delay در چیست؟Put off معمولاً یک تصمیم آگاهانه است (مثلاً شما تصمیم میگیرید درس نخوانید). اما delay بیشتر زمانی به کار میرود که عاملی بیرونی باعث تاخیر شده است (مثلاً ترافیک تهران باعث تاخیر شما شده است).I always put off spring cleaning until the last days of Esfand.Conjugating 'Put Off'
| Tense | Subject | Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
put off
|
I put off the work.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
puts off
|
She puts off the work.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
put off
|
He put off the work yesterday.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
I
|
am putting off
|
I am putting off the work.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
He / She / It
|
has put off
|
She has put off the work.
|
|
Future (Will)
|
All subjects
|
will put off
|
They will put off the work.
|
Pronoun Placement (The Sandwich Rule)
| Object Type | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Noun
|
Put off + [Noun]
|
Put off the meeting.
|
|
Noun
|
Put + [Noun] + off
|
Put the meeting off.
|
|
Pronoun
|
Put + [Pronoun] + off
|
Put it off.
|
|
Pronoun (Incorrect)
|
Put off + [Pronoun]
|
*Put off it (WRONG)
|
Meanings
To delay doing something until a later time or date, often because you do not want to do it.
Postpone
To move an event or task to a later time.
“Don't put off your homework until the last minute.”
“They decided to put the party off because of the rain.”
Deter/Disgust
To make someone dislike something or not want to do something.
“The smell of the restaurant really put me off.”
“His arrogant attitude puts off potential employers.”
Distract
To stop someone from concentrating on what they are doing.
“Please be quiet; you're putting me off my game.”
“The loud music put her off while she was trying to study.”
Reference Table
| فاعل | فعل + مفعول | بخش دوم فعل | معنی |
|---|---|---|---|
|
من
|
put the meeting
|
off
|
عقب انداختن یه جلسه
|
|
تو
|
put it
|
off
|
عقب انداختن 'اون' (استفاده صحیح از ضمیر)
|
|
او
|
puts off
|
studying
|
عقب انداختن یه عمل (-ing form)
|
|
ما
|
put the party
|
off
|
عقب انداختن یه رویداد اجتماعی
|
|
آنها
|
put off
|
the trip
|
عقب انداختن سفر
|
|
او
|
is putting off
|
cleaning
|
در حال عقب انداختن یه کار خونه
|
طیف رسمیت
We shall postpone the meeting until a later date. (Workplace)
We need to put off the meeting. (Workplace)
Let's put the meeting off for now. (Workplace)
Let's push it back. (Workplace)
The Three Faces of 'Put Off'
Delay
- Postpone Move to later
Deter
- Dislike Lose interest
Distract
- Interrupt Lose focus
Put Off vs. Call Off
Is your object a pronoun?
Is the object 'it' or 'them'?
Common Objects for 'Put Off'
Tasks
- • Homework
- • Cleaning
- • Work
Events
- • Meeting
- • Wedding
- • Party
Actions
- • Going
- • Calling
- • Deciding
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I put off the meeting.
Don't put it off.
We put off the game.
Can we put off lunch?
He put the party off until Saturday.
I am putting off my homework.
She put off the doctor's visit.
They put it off for a week.
I keep putting off going to the gym.
The long lines put me off the museum.
Why do you always put off doing your chores?
We shouldn't put off making a decision.
The manager decided to put off the launch indefinitely.
I was put off by his constant complaining.
Stop whistling! You're putting me off my work.
They've put off the renovation until they have more funds.
The sheer complexity of the task put many people off.
He has a tendency to put off difficult conversations.
The sudden noise put the golfer off his swing.
I've put off replying to that email for far too long.
The government's prevarication has put off much-needed reform.
One shouldn't be put off by the initial hurdles of learning a language.
The prospect of failure often puts off even the most ambitious entrepreneurs.
He was put off his stroke by the unexpected question from the audience.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both involve stopping a planned event.
Both use the particle 'off'.
Both mean a delay.
اشتباهات رایج
I put off it.
I put it off.
Put off to go.
Put off going.
I putted off.
I put off.
He put off the meeting until yesterday.
He put off the meeting until tomorrow.
I put off the meeting for tomorrow.
I put off the meeting until tomorrow.
The smell put off me.
The smell put me off.
I put off to call him.
I put off calling him.
I was put off from the price.
I was put off by the price.
Don't put off me.
Don't put me off.
I put off my homeworks.
I put off my homework.
He put off to have decided.
He put off making a decision.
The noise put me off of my work.
The noise put me off my work.
I put off it's completion.
I put off its completion.
الگوهای جملهسازی
I keep putting off ___.
Don't let the ___ put you off.
We had to put the ___ off until ___.
It really puts me off when ___.
Real World Usage
Hey, can we put off our coffee until 4?
I was put off by the lack of growth opportunities.
The ending of that movie really put me off the whole franchise.
We should put off the launch until the bugs are fixed.
Don't put off your check-up.
The crowd is trying to put the kicker off.
ساندویچ ضمیرها
it یا them رو بذار وسط put و off. مثل یه ساندویچ خوشمزه که ضمیر میشه مغز ساندویچ! I will put it off.
یه وقت کنسلی نکنی!
call off رو به جای put off نگی. call off یعنی یه کاری کلاً کنسل شده و دیگه انجام نمیشه. ولی put off یعنی فقط گذاشتی برای یه وقت دیگه، مثل یه چرت کوتاه! "We put off the meeting, we didn't call it off."طبیعی حرف زدن
postpone درسته ولی وقتی توی مکالمههای روزمره از put off استفاده میکنی، خیلی طبیعیتر به نظر میای. I need to put off my plans.
Smart Tips
Switch to 'put off' to sound more like a native speaker.
Always put it in the middle. Think of it as a 'sandwich'.
Use 'put off' to describe the specific thing that caused the dislike.
Add -ing immediately. No exceptions!
تلفظ
Linking
The 't' in 'put' often links to the 'o' in 'off', sounding like 'pu-toff'.
Flapped T
In American English, the 't' sounds like a quick 'd' because it is between vowels.
Phrasal Verb Stress
Put OFF (Stress is on 'off')
Standard phrasal verb stress pattern.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Put it OFF until the clock is OFF.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a giant 'OFF' switch on a calendar. When you 'put' a task onto that switch, the date disappears and moves to next month.
Rhyme
Don't be a scoff, don't put it off!
Story
John had a big exam. He kept putting off studying. He put it off on Monday, he put it off on Tuesday. Finally, the exam was put off by the school because of snow!
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write down three things you are currently putting off using the 'Put off + -ing' structure.
نکات فرهنگی
In Western business culture, 'putting off' a meeting is common but usually requires a valid reason to avoid appearing unprofessional.
The 'deter' sense ('That put me off my tea') is extremely common in the UK compared to some other dialects.
Students globally use 'put off' to describe procrastination, a shared cultural experience in education.
From the verb 'put' (Middle English 'putten') and the adverb 'off'. The sense of 'postpone' emerged in the late 14th century.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
What is one task you have been putting off lately?
Has a bad review ever put you off a movie?
Do you prefer to do hard tasks first or put them off?
What kind of behavior puts you off when meeting new people?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
He always ____ off his laundry until Sunday.
He در زمان حال ساده، به s نیاز داریم.Choose the best sentence:
it همیشه باید بین put و off قرار بگیرن.Find and fix the mistake:
They put off to buy a new car.
put off باید از فرم -ing (اسم مصدر) فعل بعدی استفاده کنیم.Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesI've been putting off _______ (write) that report all week.
Choose the correct pronoun placement.
Find and fix the mistake:
We putted off the meeting.
We decided to postpone the wedding.
1. Postpone, 2. Deter, 3. Distract
'Put off' can only be used for time delays.
A: Are you coming to the gym? B: No, I'm ___ until tomorrow.
Select the correct list.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesoff / the / put / they / wedding / .
Wir müssen das Treffen verschieben.
Match the meaning to the verb:
Can we ___ it off? I'm busy.
She is putting off to call her mom.
Pick the natural-sounding sentence:
put / it / don't / off / !
I am delaying the flight.
Stop ____ off your chores!
Match the object to the correct sentence:
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
No, you should say 'put off until tomorrow' or 'put off to a later date'.
It is neutral. It's fine for work, but in a very formal legal document, 'postpone' is better.
'Put off' is usually an intentional choice. 'Delay' is often an external event (like a flight delay).
No, for clothes you use 'take off'.
Yes, when it has an object, you can put the object in the middle.
Yes, 'putting things off' is the phrasal verb way to say 'procrastinate'.
Yes, e.g., 'The meeting was put off.'
It's an idiom meaning something distracted you and broke your rhythm.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Posponer / Aplazar
Spanish doesn't have a direct 'phrasal' equivalent that changes meaning with a particle.
Remettre / Différer
French uses a prepositional structure rather than a particle verb.
Aufschieben / Verschieben
German word order in subordinate clauses is different from English.
延期する (Enki suru)
Japanese grammar is SOV, making the placement of 'off' very confusing for learners.
يؤجل (Yu'ajjil)
Arabic verbs conjugate heavily for person and gender, unlike the simple 'put'.
推迟 (Tuīchí)
Chinese has no verb conjugation or particles that function like English prepositions.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
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