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B1 verb #4,000 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

损坏

sǔnhuài رتبه 4,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 损坏 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 损坏 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '损坏' (sǔnhuài) often. Instead, you will mostly use the simple word '坏' (huài), which means 'broken' or 'bad.' For example, if your phone is not working, you say '手机坏了' (shǒujī huàile). '损坏' is a more 'grown-up' and formal version of this. Think of '坏' as 'it's broken' and '损坏' as 'it has been damaged.' As an A1 student, you might see '损坏' on signs in parks or museums. If you see a sign that says '请勿损坏' (qǐng wù sǔnhuài), it just means 'Please don't break this.' You can remember it by looking at the second part, '坏,' which you already know. The first part, '损,' adds a sense of 'loss' or 'cost.' So, '损坏' is about breaking something that costs money or is important. Even if you don't say it yet, recognizing it helps you understand rules in public places in China. Don't worry about the grammar too much; just remember it's a formal way to say something is physically damaged.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to move beyond simple sentences. You might encounter '损坏' (sǔnhuài) when you are shopping or traveling. For example, if you buy something on Taobao and it arrives with a crack, you might see the word '损坏' in the return policy. In A2, you should know that '损坏' is specifically for physical things. You can't '损坏' a person's feelings, but you can '损坏' a chair or a bike. A common sentence pattern you might use is '...被损坏了' (was damaged). For instance, '我的自行车被损坏了' (My bicycle was damaged). This sounds more specific than just saying it's 'bad.' It implies that something happened to it to make it break. You might also see it paired with '赔偿' (péicháng - compensation). If you see '损坏赔偿,' it means you have to pay if you break it. This is useful for renting cars or hotel rooms. At this level, focus on recognizing the word in written notices and understanding that it is more formal than '弄坏' (nònghuài).

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At the B1 level, '损坏' (sǔnhuài) is an essential part of your vocabulary. You should be able to use it to describe accidents, report technical issues, and understand formal documents. You need to distinguish it from '破坏' (pòhuài - to destroy/sabotage) and '损害' (sǔnhài - to harm interests/health). As a B1 learner, you should use '损坏' when the damage is physical and often accidental or neutral. For example, '这台电脑在运输过程中损坏了' (This computer was damaged during transport). You should also be comfortable using adverbs with it, such as '严重损坏' (seriously damaged) or '轻微损坏' (slightly damaged). You will find this word frequently in news reports about weather (e.g., '洪水损坏了道路') or in professional emails. Understanding the nuance of '损坏' helps you sound more professional. Instead of saying 'I broke the company phone' with '我弄坏了公司手机' (which sounds a bit like a child), you can say '我不小心损坏了公司手机,' which sounds more like a responsible adult taking accountability in a professional setting.

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced grasp of '损坏' (sǔnhuài) and its placement in formal discourse. You are expected to use it in written reports, legal contexts, and complex discussions about property and logistics. You should understand that '损坏' focuses on the physical impairment of an object's function or value. In B2, you might explore the noun form more: '损坏的程度' (the extent of damage). You should also be able to use it in the context of '损坏公物' (damaging public property) when discussing social issues or civic responsibilities. At this level, you should also be aware of its synonyms like '破损' (specifically for surface damage or tears) and '受损' (a more passive, formal term often used for structures or large-scale assets). For example, '该建筑在地震中受损严重' (The building was severely damaged in the earthquake). You should be able to explain the difference between '损坏' and '损害' clearly, noting that the former is for tangible objects while the latter is for intangible rights or biological health. Your ability to choose the correct word among these 'damage' synonyms shows your advanced proficiency.

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At the C1 level, your use of '损坏' (sǔnhuài) should be precise and contextually perfect. You will encounter it in high-level academic texts, legal statutes, and technical engineering reports. You should understand how '损坏' interacts with specific legal concepts like '故意损坏公私财物罪' (the crime of intentionally damaging public or private property). At this level, you should also be sensitive to the stylistic choice of using '损坏' versus more literary terms like '残损' (damaged and incomplete, often used for antiques) or '损毁' (destroyed/damaged, often used for cultural relics). You might use '损坏' in an analytical sense, such as discussing the '损坏机制' (damage mechanism) of a specific material in a scientific context. Your vocabulary should be broad enough to use '损坏' as a baseline and then move into more specific terms like '磨损' (wear and tear), '腐蚀' (corrosion), or '老化' (aging) as the situation requires. A C1 learner should be able to write a formal complaint or a technical assessment where '损坏' is used to accurately categorize types of physical failure without confusing it with abstract '损害' or malicious '破坏'.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like intuition for '损坏' (sǔnhuài). You understand its etymological roots—how the character '损' (to diminish) combined with '坏' (to ruin) creates a specific semantic field of physical loss. You can use it fluently in any register, from technical specifications to legal arguments. You might use it metaphorically in very specific literary contexts, though you would typically prefer other terms for abstract concepts. You are aware of the word's history and its role in the evolution of the Chinese legal and social vocabulary. You can distinguish the subtle differences in tone between '损坏', '受损', '破损', '损毁', and '摧毁' in a split second, choosing the one that fits the exact degree of destruction and the required level of formality. For a C2 speaker, '损坏' is not just a word for 'broken'; it is a precise tool for describing the physical state of the world, used with an awareness of its connotations of value, utility, and accountability. You can effortlessly navigate complex sentences where '损坏' is part of a larger discussion on liability, material science, or historical preservation.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

损坏 در ۳۰ ثانیه

损坏 (sǔnhuài) means to physically damage or break a tangible object.
It is a formal term used in business, law, and technical contexts.
It differs from '破坏' (pòhuài) which implies more violent or systemic destruction.
Commonly used in the passive voice (被损坏) to describe accidents or wear.

The Chinese verb 损坏 (sǔnhuài) is a cornerstone of intermediate Chinese vocabulary, specifically used to describe physical damage or impairment to objects, equipment, or property. At its core, the word combines the character 损 (sǔn), which means to lose, decrease, or damage, with 坏 (huài), which means bad, broken, or ruined. Together, they form a formal to semi-formal term that implies an object has lost its original integrity or functionality due to external forces, wear and tear, or accidents.

Physicality: Unlike 'break' (破), which might just mean a crack, 损坏 often implies the object is no longer usable or has significantly decreased in value. It is the standard term used in legal contracts, shipping documents, and public notices.

由于运输不当，货物受到了严重损坏。 (Due to improper transportation, the goods suffered serious damage.)

In everyday life, you will encounter this word in contexts where responsibility is assigned. For example, if you rent an apartment in China, the contract will likely have a clause regarding 损坏公物 (damaging public property) or 损坏赔偿 (compensation for damage). It suggests a level of seriousness that the simple word '坏了' (broken) lacks. While '坏了' is a state, '损坏' is the action or the result of an action that led to that state.

Scope of Use: It applies to tangible items like electronics, furniture, vehicles, and buildings. It is rarely used for abstract concepts like feelings or relationships, where '伤害' (shānghài) or '破坏' (pòhuài) would be more appropriate.

请爱护图书馆的书籍，不要损坏。 (Please take care of the library books and do not damage them.)

Furthermore, 损坏 carries a nuance of 'diminishment.' The character 损 (sǔn) historically referred to the act of reducing something or taking away from it. When applied to modern objects, it suggests that the object has been 'diminished' in its capacity to perform its intended function. This is why it is the preferred term in technical reports. If a hard drive is '损坏', it might still look fine on the outside, but its internal data structure is compromised.

Social Context: In Chinese society, public property is often labeled with '损坏公物，照价赔偿' (Damage to public property must be compensated at cost). This cultural emphasis on communal responsibility makes 损坏 a word associated with accountability and civic duty.

手机屏幕被我不小心损坏了。 (The phone screen was accidentally damaged by me.)

Using 损坏 correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as both a verb and a noun (though primarily a verb in common usage). It often appears in passive constructions (被字句) because we frequently discuss damage in terms of what happened to an object rather than who did it.

Passive Voice: Structure: [Object] + 被 + [Agent/Cause] + 损坏了. This is the most common way to report an accident. For example: '电脑被水损坏了' (The computer was damaged by water).

这台机器因为长期使用而严重损坏。 (This machine is seriously damaged due to long-term use.)

When using it in an active sense, the subject is usually the cause of the damage. '这种化学物质会损坏塑料' (This chemical substance will damage plastic). Notice how the sentence flows directly from the cause to the effect. In professional writing, you might see it as a noun: '损坏的程度' (the degree of damage) or '损坏的原因' (the cause of damage).

Collocation with Adverbs: Common adverbs include 严重 (seriously), 轻微 (slightly), 故意 (intentionally), and 不慎 (accidentally). These help specify the intent and extent of the damage.

他不慎损坏了公司的相机。 (He accidentally damaged the company's camera.)

In more complex sentences, 损坏 can be part of a conditional structure. '如果损坏了，你必须赔偿' (If it gets damaged, you must compensate). This is a standard sentence pattern for rental agreements or borrowing items. It is also used in the negative to express preservation: '完好无损' (perfectly intact, without damage), where '损' refers back to our target word.

The Resultative '成': Sometimes you might see '损坏成...' to describe the resulting state. '杯子被损坏成了碎片' (The cup was damaged into pieces), though this is less common than simple '损坏了'.

暴风雨损坏了许多房屋。 (The storm damaged many houses.)

Lastly, consider the object of the verb. While usually physical, in formal legal or journalistic Chinese, it can occasionally refer to '损坏名誉' (damage to reputation), though '损害' (sǔnhài) is much more standard for reputation. For a B1 learner, stick to physical objects to ensure accuracy.

If you travel to a Chinese-speaking city, 损坏 is a word you will see more than you hear in casual conversation. It is the language of signs, bureaucracy, and logistics. When you are on the subway and see a sign near the emergency brake, it will likely warn against '损坏设备' (damaging the equipment). In this context, it carries the weight of the law.

Public Transportation: Announcements often use this word. '请勿损坏车内设施' (Please do not damage the facilities inside the carriage). It sounds authoritative and formal, setting a standard for public behavior.

公共财物，禁止损坏。 (Public property, damage prohibited.)

In the world of e-commerce (like Taobao or JD.com), 损坏 is a key term for customer service. If you receive a package and the item inside is broken, you would tell the seller: '收到时发现商品有损坏' (I found the product was damaged upon receipt). This initiates the return process. The seller might ask for '损坏的照片' (photos of the damage) to verify the claim.

Technical Support: When talking to a repairman, you might hear: '零件损坏了，需要更换' (The part is damaged and needs to be replaced). Here, 损坏 is used as a diagnosis. It’s more professional than just saying it's 'broken'.

由于电路损坏，整栋楼停电了。 (Due to circuit damage, the whole building has a power outage.)

News reports frequently use 损坏 when covering natural disasters. '地震损坏了数千座建筑' (The earthquake damaged thousands of buildings). In these reports, the word helps quantify the scale of the disaster in a factual, objective manner. It contrasts with more emotional words, focusing instead on the physical reality of the destruction.

Formal Writing: In academic papers or technical manuals, 损坏 is the standard term. You will see it in troubleshooting sections: '常见损坏原因' (Common causes of damage).

请检查包装是否有损坏。 (Please check if the packaging has any damage.)

The most frequent mistake learners make with 损坏 is confusing it with its close relatives: 破坏 (pòhuài) and 损害 (sǔnhài). While they all translate to 'damage' or 'destroy' in English, their usage in Chinese is strictly delineated by the nature of the object and the intent of the actor.

Mistake 1: 损坏 vs. 破坏: 破坏 implies a more violent or intentional destruction, or the breaking of a system/rule. You '破坏' a relationship (关系) or '破坏' the environment (环境). You '损坏' a physical tool. Using 损坏 for a relationship sounds like you physically broke a person's body.

Incorrect: 他的话损坏了我们的友谊。 (His words damaged our friendship - use 破坏 or 损害 instead.)

Another common error is using 损坏 for abstract interests or health. For these, 损害 (sǔnhài) is the correct choice. 损害 is used for '损害健康' (damage health) or '损害利益' (damage interests). 损坏 is strictly for things you can touch. If you say '损坏健康', it sounds like your body parts are physically chipped or broken like a ceramic pot.

Mistake 2: Overusing it in casual speech: In a casual setting, saying '我的笔损坏了' (My pen is damaged) sounds overly dramatic and robotic. Instead, just say '我的笔坏了' (My pen is broken). 损坏 is reserved for when you need to be precise or formal.

Casual: 电视坏了。 (The TV is broken.) vs. Formal: 电视在搬运过程中受到损坏。 (The TV was damaged during moving.)

Learners also struggle with the 'degree' of damage. 损坏 usually implies something can still be recognized as the object it was, just in a bad state. If something is completely obliterated, use 摧毁 (cuīhuǐ). If you say a building was '损坏' after a massive bomb, you are understating the situation significantly.

Grammar Error: Object Placement: Because 损坏 is a formal verb, it often doesn't take simple direct objects as easily as '弄坏' (nònghuài). You wouldn't usually say '我损坏了书' in conversation; you'd say '我把书弄坏了'. 损坏 is better suited for the subject of a report or a passive '被' sentence.

Better: 文件被雨水损坏了。 (The documents were damaged by rain.)

To truly master 损坏, you must see where it fits in the spectrum of Chinese words for 'breaking' and 'damaging.' Chinese is very specific about how things break and what the result is.

损坏 vs. 损害 (sǔnhài): Both use '损' (loss). 损坏 is for physical objects (cars, toys, tools). 损害 is for abstract things (reputation, health, interests). You '损害' someone's rights, but you '损坏' their car.

吸烟会损害你的健康。 (Smoking will damage your health.)

Next is 破坏 (pòhuài). This is a much 'stronger' word. It implies destruction, sabotage, or breaking a system. If a protestor smashes a window, that is '破坏'. If the window gets a crack because the house settled, that is '损坏'. 破坏 is often intentional and malicious, whereas 损坏 is neutral.

损坏 vs. 弄坏 (nònghuài): This is a register difference. 弄坏 is highly colloquial. If a child breaks a toy, they say '我把玩具弄坏了'. It would be very strange for a 5-year-old to say '我损坏了玩具'. Use 弄坏 in daily life and 损坏 in professional contexts.

别把我的电脑弄坏了！ (Don't break my computer! - Casual)

Then there is 毁坏 (huǐhuài). This is even more intense than 损坏. It implies total ruin or devastation, often on a large scale. '毁坏' is used for historical relics being destroyed or a city being ruined by war. It carries a sense of tragedy that 损坏 lacks.

Other specialized terms: 磨损 (mósǔn) - Wear and tear from friction.
受损 (shòusǔn) - To suffer damage (often used in financial or structural contexts).
破损 (pòsǔn) - Damaged and torn (usually for paper, cloth, or surfaces).

这些古迹在战争中被毁坏了。 (These historic sites were destroyed in the war.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 坏 in its traditional form (壞) is much more complex, containing the 'garment' (衣) radical, suggesting a torn or ruined piece of clothing.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /sǔn xuâɪ/

US /sʊn hwaɪ/

The stress is slightly more on the second syllable 'huài' as it is a 4th tone.

هم‌قافیه با

滚 (gǔn) 本 (běn) 外 (wài) 快 (kuài) 卖 (mài) 再 (zài) 带 (dài) 态 (tài)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'sǔn' as 'shǔn' (adding a 'h').
Using the 1st tone for 'huài' instead of the 4th.
Mumbling the 'n' in 'sǔn'.
Confusing 'huài' with 'huí'.
Failing to dip low enough on the 3rd tone of 'sǔn'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Common on signs and in news.

نوشتن 4/5

The character '损' can be tricky to write correctly.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Used in professional or reporting situations.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clear pronunciation, often in announcements.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

坏损东西赔被

بعداً یاد بگیرید

损害破坏维修保养折旧

پیشرفته

摧毁陨落残缺瑕疵损毁

گرامر لازم

The '被' (bèi) particle for passive voice.

手机被我损坏了。

Resultative complements with '了'.

机器损坏了。

Adverbial placement before the verb.

严重损坏。

Using '由于' (yóuyú) to state a cause.

由于地震，房屋损坏了。

The '把' (bǎ) construction for active damage.

他把相机损坏了。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

手机损坏了。

The phone is damaged.

Simple subject + verb + 了.

不要损坏玩具。

Don't damage the toys.

Imperative '不要' + verb + object.

书被损坏了。

The book was damaged.

Basic passive '被' structure.

电脑没有损坏。

The computer is not damaged.

Negative '没有' before the verb.

谁损坏了椅子？

Who damaged the chair?

Question word '谁' as subject.

这个杯子损坏了。

This cup is damaged.

Demonstrative '这个' + noun + verb.

我的车损坏了。

My car is damaged.

Possessive '我的' + noun + verb.

小心，别损坏它。

Be careful, don't damage it.

Precautionary '小心' + '别' + verb.

请检查货物是否有损坏。

Please check if the goods have any damage.

Using '损坏' as a noun here.

如果不小心损坏了，要赔钱。

If you accidentally damage it, you must pay.

Conditional '如果...要...'.

大雨损坏了花园的门。

The heavy rain damaged the garden gate.

Subject (natural force) + verb + object.

这台机器损坏得很严重。

This machine is very seriously damaged.

Verb + '得' + adverbial complement.

由于使用时间太长，零件损坏了。

Due to long use, the parts are damaged.

Reason '由于...' + result.

他在搬家时损坏了电视。

He damaged the TV while moving.

Time phrase '在...时' + verb.

这里的设施被损坏了。

The facilities here were damaged.

Passive voice '被' with plural objects.

那个相机损坏了，不能用了。

That camera is damaged and can't be used.

Resultative '不能用了'.

公司要求员工不得损坏办公设备。

The company requires employees not to damage office equipment.

Formal '不得' (must not).

包裹在寄送途中受到了轻微损坏。

The package suffered slight damage during delivery.

Formal '受到...损坏'.

任何损坏公物的行为都会受到惩罚。

Any act of damaging public property will be punished.

Complex subject '损坏公物的行为'.

如果发现设备损坏，请立即报告。

If you find equipment damage, please report it immediately.

Conditional '如果...请...'.

这件古董在展览中被意外损坏了。

This antique was accidentally damaged during the exhibition.

Passive '被' with adverb '意外'.

强风损坏了屋顶上的瓦片。

Strong winds damaged the tiles on the roof.

Subject (natural cause) + verb + object.

我们需要评估一下车辆的损坏情况。

We need to evaluate the damage to the vehicle.

Noun phrase '损坏情况' (damage situation).

这种清洁剂可能会损坏家具表面。

This cleaner might damage the furniture surface.

Auxiliary '可能会' (might).

由于维护不善，桥梁结构遭到了损坏。

Due to poor maintenance, the bridge structure was damaged.

Formal passive '遭到' instead of '被'.

故意损坏他人财物是违法行为。

Intentionally damaging others' property is an illegal act.

Gerund-like subject '故意损坏...财物'.

该软件的更新损坏了我的系统文件。

The software update damaged my system files.

Technical context.

地震对当地的基础设施造成了严重损坏。

The earthquake caused serious damage to local infrastructure.

Verb phrase '造成...损坏' (cause damage).

我们必须防止这些珍贵资料受到损坏。

We must prevent these precious materials from being damaged.

Verb '防止' (prevent).

租赁合同中明确规定了损坏赔偿标准。

The rental contract clearly stipulates the standards for damage compensation.

Legal terminology.

长期暴露在阳光下会损坏书的封面。

Long-term exposure to sunlight will damage book covers.

Gerund subject '长期暴露在阳光下'.

由于零件损坏，生产线被迫停止运行。

Due to damaged parts, the production line was forced to stop.

Cause-effect structure.

这种化学反应会不可逆转地损坏金属表面。

This chemical reaction will irreversibly damage the metal surface.

Adverbial '不可逆转地' (irreversibly).

该报告详细记录了飓风造成的房屋损坏程度。

The report detailed the extent of housing damage caused by the hurricane.

Attribute clause '飓风造成的'.

在修复过程中，要极力避免对原件的二次损坏。

During restoration, extreme care must be taken to avoid secondary damage to the original.

Term '二次损坏' (secondary damage).

由于证据损坏，案件的调查陷入了僵局。

Due to damaged evidence, the case investigation reached a stalemate.

Abstract application in a formal context.

严寒天气损坏了地下供水管道。

The freezing weather damaged the underground water pipes.

Technical cause.

任何形式的损坏都应由责任方承担修复费用。

Any form of damage should have its repair costs borne by the responsible party.

Formal legal structure.

该项技术的缺陷可能会损坏用户的隐私安全。

The technical flaw might damage the user's privacy security.

Metaphorical use in high-level tech discussion.

博物馆采用恒温系统以防止文物受潮损坏。

The museum uses a constant temperature system to prevent artifacts from being damaged by moisture.

Purpose clause '以防止'.

历史的尘埃并未能损坏这些思想的价值。

The dust of history has not been able to damage the value of these ideas.

Highly literary/metaphorical usage.

在宏观经济波动中，中小企业的资产负债表受到了损坏。

Amidst macroeconomic fluctuations, the balance sheets of SMEs were damaged.

Financial metaphor.

此类基因突变可能会损坏生物体的防御机制。

Such genetic mutations might damage the organism's defense mechanisms.

Scientific/Biological context.

过度开采导致生态系统的自我修复能力严重损坏。

Over-exploitation has led to the severe damage of the ecosystem's self-repair capacity.

Environmental science context.

该判决被认为损坏了司法系统的权威性。

The verdict was considered to have damaged the authority of the judicial system.

Political/Legal nuance.

即使是极微小的震动也可能损坏这台精密仪器的校准。

Even the tiniest vibration might damage the calibration of this precision instrument.

Precision engineering context.

长期以来的信任关系因为这次欺骗而彻底损坏。

The long-standing relationship of trust was completely damaged by this deception.

Abstract interpersonal context (formal).

法律必须严惩那些恶意损坏公共基础设施的犯罪分子。

The law must severely punish those criminals who maliciously damage public infrastructure.

Complex legalistic sentence structure.

مترادف‌ها

破坏损毁弄坏伤害

متضادها

保护修复完好

ترکیب‌های رایج

严重损坏

轻微损坏

损坏公物

受到损坏

故意损坏

损坏程度

不可修复的损坏

零件损坏

造成损坏

损坏的名誉

عبارات رایج

损坏赔偿

— Compensation for damage. Used in legal and rental contexts.

合同里有关于损坏赔偿的条款。

如有损坏

— If there is any damage. Used as a conditional in warnings.

如有损坏，照价赔偿。

完好无损

— Perfectly intact. Used to describe something that survived without damage.

包裹寄到时完好无损。

人为损坏

— Man-made damage. Used in warranties to exclude user error.

保修不包括人为损坏。

严重损坏

— Severe damage. Used in news and reports.

由于火灾，房屋严重损坏。

表面损坏

— Surface damage. Used for scratches or cosmetic issues.

这只是表面损坏，不影响使用。

内部损坏

— Internal damage. Used for electronics or machinery.

虽然外观没事，但可能有内部损坏。

设备损坏

— Equipment damage. General term for broken machinery.

设备损坏导致生产停止。

设施损坏

— Facility damage. Used for buildings or public infrastructure.

公园的设施损坏了。

损坏记录

— Damage record. A log of what has been broken.

请在损坏记录本上登记。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

损坏 vs 损害

Used for abstract things like health or rights.

损坏 vs 破坏

Used for systemic destruction or intentional sabotage.

损坏 vs 破损

Focuses on the state of being torn or cracked.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"完好无损"

— Completely undamaged; in perfect condition.

经过长途运输，瓷器依然完好无损。

Common Idiom

"毁坏殆尽"

— To be completely destroyed; nothing left.

大火过后，森林被毁坏殆尽。

Literary

"损人利己"

— To harm others to benefit oneself (uses the '损' root).

这种损人利己的事情我们不能做。

Common Idiom

"香消玉损"

— The death of a beautiful woman (metaphorical 'damage').

一代名伶就这样香消玉损了。

Literary/Poetic

"损兵折将"

— To suffer heavy losses in troops and generals.

这场仗打得我们损兵折将。

Military/Historical

"磨损消耗"

— Wear and tear; depletion through use.

机器的磨损消耗是不可避免的。

Technical

"破旧损坏"

— Old and broken.

屋子里全是破旧损坏的家具。

Descriptive

"不可损毁"

— Indestructible.

这种材料被认为是不可损毁的。

Formal

"损其锋芒"

— To blunt someone's edge or spirit.

这次失败损其锋芒，他变得低调了。

Literary

"有损尊严"

— To damage one's dignity.

这样做会有损尊严。

Formal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

损坏 vs 损害

Both sound similar and mean 'damage'.

损坏 is for physical objects. 损害 is for abstract concepts like health, interests, or reputation.

损害健康 (damage health) vs. 损坏电脑 (damage computer).

损坏 vs 破坏

Both involve breaking things.

破坏 is more violent, intentional, or refers to breaking rules/systems. 损坏 is usually physical and neutral.

破坏规矩 (break rules) vs. 损坏桌子 (damage a table).

损坏 vs 弄坏

Both mean 'to break'.

弄坏 is colloquial and used in speech. 损坏 is formal and used in writing.

我把笔弄坏了 (Casual) vs. 笔受到了损坏 (Formal).

损坏 vs 毁坏

Both mean 'damage'.

毁坏 is much stronger, implying total destruction or ruin.

毁坏古迹 (destroy ancient relics).

损坏 vs 磨损

Both involve things getting worse.

磨损 is specifically for damage caused by friction or long-term use.

轮胎磨损 (tire wear).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Object] + 损坏了。

电脑损坏了。

[Object] + 被 + [Cause] + 损坏了。

书被水损坏了。

由于 [Reason]，[Object] 损坏了。

由于大雨，门损坏了。

[Agent] + 不小心 + 损坏了 + [Object]。

我不小心损坏了相机。

对 [Object] 造成了 [Adverb] 损坏。

对环境造成了严重损坏。

[Object] 受到 [Adverb] 损坏的风险。

文物受到意外损坏的风险很大。

[Abstract] 的价值并未因 [Object] 损坏而减少。

思想的价值并未因书籍损坏而减少。

[Verb] 过程中应当避免损坏 [Object]。

运输过程中应当避免损坏商品。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

损坏 (damage)

损耗 (wear and tear)

损失 (loss)

فعل‌ها

损坏 (to damage)

损害 (to harm)

损 (to lose/harm)

صفت‌ها

损坏的 (damaged)

坏的 (broken)

مرتبط

破坏

修理

赔偿

故障

折旧

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very common in written Chinese and professional contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

损坏健康 → 损害健康
Health is abstract/biological, so 损害 is required.
损坏关系 → 破坏关系
Relationships are systems/bonds, so 破坏 is the standard term.
我的笔损坏了 (to a friend) → 我的笔坏了
损坏 is too formal for a casual chat about a pen.
由于我不小心，损坏了书。 → 我不小心把书弄坏了。
While grammatically okay, '弄坏' is much more natural for personal accidents.
损坏法律 → 违反法律
You don't 'damage' a law; you 'violate' (违反) it.

نکات

Context Matters

Always check if the object is physical. If it's a chair, use 损坏. If it's a friendship, use 破坏.

The '了' Factor

Usually, 损坏 needs a '了' at the end to show the damage has already happened.

Formal Reports

In a formal email, use '货物受到损坏' to sound more professional than '货坏了'.

Public Manners

Look for signs in China with '损坏' to learn how public rules are phrased.

Character Breakdown

Focus on '损' (loss) and '坏' (bad). A loss that makes something bad is damage.

Softening the Blow

Use '不慎损坏' (carelessly damaged) when you are the one who broke something.

News Keywords

When you hear '损坏' in the news, listen for the cause (地震, 洪水, 暴雨).

COLLOQUIAL VS FORMAL

Switch between 弄坏 and 损坏 depending on who you are talking to.

Contractual Use

In a rental contract, '损坏' is the standard term for any damage you might cause.

Imagine a Crack

Associate 损坏 with a picture of a cracked phone screen.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine your HAND (扌) accidentally knocks a vase onto the EARTH (土), making it BAD (坏). That is 损坏.

تداعی تصویری

Picture a shipping box with a large red 'FRAGILE' sticker that has been crushed. The word 损坏 is written on the insurance claim form next to it.

شبکه واژگان

Object Accident Loss Repair Contract Public Property Function Value

چالش

Try to find 3 things in your room that are '损坏' and describe how it happened using the '被' structure.

ریشه کلمه

The character 损 (sǔn) consists of the 'hand' radical (扌) and '员' (yuán), originally meaning to reduce or diminish by hand. 坏 (huài) consists of 'earth' (土) and '不' (bù), implying something that is no longer 'on the ground' or 'right'.

معنای اصلی: Diminishing something to the point of badness or uselessness.

Sino-Tibetan

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful not to use 损坏 when talking about people's bodies unless it's a very clinical medical context.

In English, we use 'damage' for both physical and abstract things (damage reputation). In Chinese, you must split these.

Chinese Civil Code (民法典) - Clauses on property damage. Public transport signs in Beijing/Shanghai. Museum 'No Touch' warnings.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Shipping/Logistics

货物损坏
运输损坏
检查损坏
损坏报告

Legal/Contracts

损坏赔偿
故意损坏
损坏标准
财物损坏

Technical Support

设备损坏
零件损坏
内部损坏
损坏原因

Public Places

损坏公物
禁止损坏
请勿损坏
爱护设施

Insurance

损坏评估
损坏程度
车辆损坏
意外损坏

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"如果你的手机损坏了，你会去哪里修理？"

"你曾经在网上买到过损坏的商品吗？"

"在你的国家，损坏公物会受到什么样的惩罚？"

"如何防止电脑在长途旅行中损坏？"

"你觉得故意损坏他人财物的人在想什么？"

موضوعات نگارش

描述一次你心爱的东西被损坏的经历。当时你的心情是怎样的？

如果你是一个博物馆的管理员，你会写什么样的标语来防止游客损坏文物？

讨论一下现代电子产品为什么比以前更容易损坏。

写一封给快递公司的投诉信，说明你收到的包裹已经损坏。

你认为对于故意损坏公共设施的人，最好的教育方式是什么？

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, 损坏 is strictly for objects. For a person's health, use 损害. For a person's feelings, use 伤害.

坏了 is a simple state (It's broken). 损坏 is a more formal verb (It has been damaged). You use 坏了 with friends and 损坏 in a report.

Not necessarily, but it is neutral. If someone smashes a window on purpose to cause trouble, 破坏 is better. If they break it while moving, 损坏 is better.

You can, but 损害名誉 is much more common and standard in Chinese.

You can use 损坏 itself or 损坏情况 (damage situation). For example: 检查损坏 (check the damage).

Yes, it can be used for 'damaged files' (损坏的文件) or 'damaged systems' (损坏的系统).

It is a standard phrase meaning 'damaging public property', often seen on warning signs.

Use '被' or '受到'. Example: 椅子被损坏了 or 椅子受到了损坏.

Usually, we use 变质 (biànzhì) for food going bad, but if the packaging is damaged, you can say 包装损坏.

The most common opposite in terms of state is 完好 (wánhǎo - intact).

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