Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms that pose a threat to health.
واژه در 30 ثانیه
- Microorganisms that cause disease.
- Includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites.
- Crucial in health and hygiene discussions.
Overview
“病菌”是一个中文名词，指的是能够引起疾病的微生物或病原体。这个词涵盖了多种类型的微小生物，包括细菌（bacteria）、病毒（viruses）、真菌（fungi）以及一些寄生虫（parasites）。它们是导致各种传染病和非传染性疾病的根本原因。病菌的种类繁多，形态各异，但它们共同的特点是能够侵入人体或其他生物体内，并在其中繁殖，从而破坏正常的生理功能，引发疾病症状。
“病菌”一词常用于描述疾病的来源和传播媒介。在句子中，它通常作为主语、宾语或定语出现。例如，“空气中可能含有有害的病菌”（主语），“医生正在研究这种新型病菌”（宾语），“我们要注意防止病菌的传播”（定语）。该词的使用频率较高，尤其是在讨论健康、卫生、医学和公共卫生等话题时。
“病菌”经常出现在以下语境中：
**日常生活**：提醒人们注意防护，避免接触病原体，如“感冒是一种由病毒引起的病菌传播的疾病”。
与“病菌”相似的词语包括“细菌”（bacteria）、“病毒”（viruses）、“病原体”（pathogen）。
- 细菌：特指一类单细胞微生物，是病菌的一个重要子集，但并非所有细菌都会致病。
- 病毒：指一类比细菌更小的、结构更简单的病原体，只能在宿主细胞内复制。
- 病原体：是“病菌”的更广义的同义词，泛指一切能够引起疾病的生物体或物质，包括但不限于微生物，有时也可能指朊病毒等非典型病原。
“病菌”是一个更通俗、更常用的词语，涵盖了上述多种致病微生物，而“病原体”则更偏向学术和专业术语。
مثالها
勤洗手是防止病菌感染最简单有效的方法之一。
everydayWashing hands frequently is one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent germ infection.
新型冠状病毒是一种高度传染性的病菌。
newsThe novel coronavirus is a highly contagious pathogen.
别到处乱摸，手上可能沾满了病菌！
informalDon't touch things everywhere; your hands might be covered in germs!
研究表明，某些病菌在特定环境下具有极强的生存能力。
academicResearch indicates that certain pathogens exhibit extreme survivability in specific environments.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
病从口入
Illness enters through the mouth
人山人海
Huge crowds (often implying potential germ spread)
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Bacteria are a specific type of microorganism, whereas '病菌' (bìngjùn) is a broader term encompassing bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., that cause disease.
Viruses are another specific type of pathogen, smaller than bacteria. '病菌' includes viruses but is not limited to them.
الگوهای دستوری
How to Use It
نکات کاربردی
The term '病菌' is widely understood and used in both spoken and written Chinese. It is suitable for general conversation, news reports, and educational materials related to health. While it can be used in formal contexts, more specific terms like '病原体' might be preferred in highly technical or scientific writing.
اشتباهات رایج
Learners might sometimes confuse '病菌' with a specific type of microorganism like '细菌' or '病毒'. It's important to remember that '病菌' is a general term for any disease-causing microbe. Also, avoid using it for non-microbial causes of illness.
Tips
Understand Germs and Hygiene
Focus on the role of germs in everyday life and how hygiene practices prevent their spread.
Avoid Overgeneralization
Remember that not all microbes are harmful; some are essential for health. 'Germ' usually refers to pathogens.
Hygiene is Highly Valued
In many East Asian cultures, cleanliness and hygiene are deeply ingrained values, often linked to health and social respect.
ریشه کلمه
The word '病菌' (bìngjùn) is a combination of '病' (bìng), meaning illness or disease, and '菌' (jùn), which refers to microbes, fungi, or bacteria. The term directly translates to 'disease microbes' or 'pathogenic germs'.
بافت فرهنگی
In Chinese culture, maintaining cleanliness and avoiding 'unclean' things is strongly associated with health and well-being. Discussions about '病菌' often emphasize diligence in hygiene practices as a way to protect oneself and family.
راهنمای حفظ
Think of '病' (illness) and '菌' (germ/microbe) combined: germs that cause illness. Visualize tiny invaders making people sick.
سوالات متداول
4 سوال“病菌”是一个总称，泛指所有能引起疾病的微生物，包括细菌、病毒、真菌等。“细菌”是“病菌”中的一种。不是所有的细菌都会致病，有些细菌对人体是有益的。
不一定。病菌的传播途径多种多样，包括空气飞沫（如感冒病毒）、接触传播（如手接触被污染的表面）、食物和水传播（如细菌性食物中毒）、体液传播（如艾滋病病毒）以及通过昆虫叮咬（如疟疾）等。
预防病菌感染的关键在于保持良好的个人卫生习惯，如勤洗手、咳嗽或打喷嚏时遮挡口鼻、避免用不干净的手触摸眼口鼻。此外，保持环境清洁、注意饮食卫生、按时接种疫苗也是重要措施。
大部分我们日常谈论的“病菌”是指致病微生物，对人类是有害的。但人体内也存在大量共生菌群，它们对维持人体健康、帮助消化、抵抗有害病菌等起着重要作用，并非所有微生物都是有害的。
خودت رو بسنج
我们要养成良好的卫生习惯，以防止______的传播。
句子的意思是防止引起疾病的微生物传播，因此“病菌”是最合适的词。
下列哪项最能准确地解释“病菌”？
“病菌”的定义就是指能够引起疾病的微生物，如细菌、病毒等。
词语：病菌，传播，注意，防止
这是一个常见的表达方式，强调需要警惕并采取措施来阻止病菌的扩散。
امتیاز: /3
Summary
Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms that pose a threat to health.
- Microorganisms that cause disease.
- Includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites.
- Crucial in health and hygiene discussions.
Understand Germs and Hygiene
Focus on the role of germs in everyday life and how hygiene practices prevent their spread.
Avoid Overgeneralization
Remember that not all microbes are harmful; some are essential for health. 'Germ' usually refers to pathogens.
Hygiene is Highly Valued
In many East Asian cultures, cleanliness and hygiene are deeply ingrained values, often linked to health and social respect.
مثالها
4 از 4勤洗手是防止病菌感染最简单有效的方法之一。
Washing hands frequently is one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent germ infection.
新型冠状病毒是一种高度传染性的病菌。
The novel coronavirus is a highly contagious pathogen.
别到处乱摸，手上可能沾满了病菌！
Don't touch things everywhere; your hands might be covered in germs!
研究表明，某些病菌在特定环境下具有极强的生存能力。
Research indicates that certain pathogens exhibit extreme survivability in specific environments.
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