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B2 conjunction خنثی 3 دقیقه مطالعه

犹如

youru /joʊ˧˥ y˧˥/
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Overview

The Chinese word '犹如' (yóu rú) is a literary and somewhat formal conjunction and verb that conveys the meaning of 'just like,' 'as if,' or 'similar to.' It is often used to draw vivid comparisons, create imagery, or emphasize a resemblance between two things, actions, or states.

Usage and Nuances:

  1. 1Comparison and Similarity: At its core, '犹如' is used to highlight a strong likeness. It suggests that one thing is like another, often in a striking or poetic way. For example, '她的歌声犹如天籁' (Tā de gēshēng yóurú tiānlài) translates to 'Her singing is just like celestial music,' emphasizing the ethereal beauty of her voice.
  1. 1Figurative Language (Metaphor and Simile): '犹如' is a powerful tool for crafting metaphors and similes. It's frequently found in poetry, descriptive writing, and elevated prose. When you see '犹如,' prepare for a comparison that aims to evoke a strong feeling or image. For instance, '时间犹如白驹过隙' (Shíjiān yóurú báijū guòxì) means 'Time is just like a white colt galloping past a crack,' illustrating the swift and fleeting nature of time.
  1. 1Indicating a State or Condition: Beyond comparing objects, '犹如' can also describe a state that is similar to another. '他沉默不语，犹如雕塑一般' (Tā chénmò bùyǔ, yóurú diāosù yībān) means 'He remained silent, just like a statue,' describing his motionless and uncommunicative state.
  1. 1Formal and Literary Tone: Compared to more colloquial comparison words like '像' (xiàng), '犹如' carries a more formal, literary, and often poetic tone. It elevates the language and can make a description feel more profound or artistic. You're less likely to hear '犹如' in casual everyday conversation and more likely to encounter it in written works, speeches, or formal discussions.
  1. 1Structure: '犹如' typically precedes the noun, noun phrase, or clause it is comparing something to. The structure is often: Subject + 犹如 + Object/State.

Examples:

  • 她的眼睛犹如深邃的湖泊。 (Tā de yǎnjīng yóurú shēnsuì de húbó.) - Her eyes are just like deep lakes. (Emphasizes depth and mystery)
  • 他的内心犹如一团燃烧的火焰。 (Tā de nèixīn yóurú yī tuán ránshāo de huǒyàn.) - His inner self is just like a burning flame. (Conveys passion or intensity)
  • 这场比赛犹如一场没有硝烟的战争。 (Zhè chǎng bǐsài yóurú yī chǎng méiyǒu xiāoyān de zhànzhēng.) - This match is just like a war without gunpowder smoke. (Highlights the fierce competition)
  • 雨点犹如断了线的珍珠，纷纷落下。 (Yǔdiǎn yóurú duànle xiàn de zhēnzhū, fēnfēn luòxià.) - The raindrops are just like pearls with broken strings, falling one after another. (Creates a beautiful, delicate image)

In summary, '犹如' is a sophisticated and expressive Chinese word used to draw strong, often poetic or vivid comparisons, lending a formal and literary flair to the language.

مثال‌ها

1

你犹如我的家人一样。

Describes a close relationship.

You are just like my family.

2

她的歌声犹如天籁，令人陶醉。

Describing the quality of singing.

Her singing is like a heavenly sound, intoxicating.

3

时间犹如白驹过隙，转瞬即逝。

Referring to the passage of time.

Time is like a white colt galloping past a crack, fleeting in an instant.

4

这片湖水犹如一面镜子，映照着蓝天白云。

Describing the appearance of a lake.

This lake is like a mirror, reflecting the blue sky and white clouds.

5

他的力量犹如一头猛兽，无人能敌。

Describing immense physical power.

His strength is like a fierce beast, unrivaled.

ترکیب‌های رایج

犹如A一般B
犹如A一样B
犹如A仿佛B
犹如A酷似B

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

犹如 در مقابل 仿佛 (fǎngfú)
'犹如' emphasizes similarity, while '仿佛' can also imply a sense of illusion or unreality.
犹如 در مقابل 如同 (rútóng)
Both '犹如' and '如同' mean 'just like' or 'as if'. '如同' is generally more formal.
犹如 در مقابل 好像 (hǎoxiàng)
'好像' is a more casual and common way to express 'as if' or 'like'. '犹如' is more literary and formal.

الگوهای دستوری

犹如 + noun/phrase: Used to compare something to a noun or a phrase. Example: 她的声音犹如天籁。(Her voice is like the sound of nature.) 犹如 + verb phrase: Used to compare an action or state to a verb phrase. Example: 他犹如闪电般冲了出去。(He rushed out like lightning.) 犹如...一般/一样: (yóurú...yībān/yīyàng) This structure intensifies the comparison, meaning 'just like...in general/the same'. Example: 他的笑容犹如阳光一般温暖。(His smile is as warm as sunshine.)

نحوه استفاده

نکات کاربردی

'犹如' is a formal and literary term primarily used to draw a strong and often poetic comparison. While it translates to 'just like,' 'as if,' or 'similar to,' it is not interchangeable with more common, colloquial terms such as '像' (xiàng) or '好像' (hǎoxiàng) in everyday conversation. '犹如' is best reserved for situations where you want to emphasize a striking similarity or to create a more elevated, descriptive tone. For example, instead of saying '他的歌声像鸟儿一样' (His singing is like a bird's), one might use '他的歌声犹如天籁' (His singing is like heavenly music) to convey a deeper sense of beauty and wonder. It can be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a clause. It's often employed in written works, speeches, or artistic descriptions to add a touch of eloquence and precision. Avoid using it in casual spoken Chinese, where it might sound overly formal or even archaic. It typically precedes the object of comparison.

اشتباهات رایج

犹如 (yóu rú) is often confused with 好像 (hǎo xiàng) or 就像 (jiù xiàng). While all can mean 'like' or 'as if', 犹如 tends to be more literary and formal than 好像 or 就像. 好像 and 就像 are more commonly used in everyday conversation. Think of 犹如 as a more elegant or poetic way to say 'just like' or 'as if'. It often implies a strong resemblance or a vivid comparison.

نکات

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Usage Tips for 犹如 (yóu rú)

犹如 (yóu rú) is a formal and literary term often used to draw a vivid comparison between two things, emphasizing their similarity. It's stronger and more evocative than simply using '像' (xiàng, like). It frequently appears in written contexts, speeches, and formal discussions. When using it, ensure the comparison is impactful and adds depth to your statement. For example, '她的歌声犹如天籁' (Tā de gēshēng yóurú tiānlài - Her singing is just like celestial music) clearly illustrates its use in creating a strong image.
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Common Pitfalls with 犹如 (yóu rú)

A common mistake is using 犹如 (yóu rú) in informal or casual conversations where '像' (xiàng) or '好像' (hǎoxiàng) would be more appropriate. Overusing it can make your language sound stilted or unnatural. Another pitfall is making a comparison that isn't particularly strong or clear, which can weaken the intended effect. Remember, 犹如 (yóu rú) implies a significant resemblance, so choose your comparisons carefully. Avoid using it with abstract concepts that don't lend themselves to vivid imagery.
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Mastering 犹如 (yóu rú) for Expressive Language

To master 犹如 (yóu rú), practice using it in sentences where you want to create a powerful metaphor or simile. Think about scenarios where you want to describe something by equating it to another, more evocative thing. For instance, '时间犹如白驹过隙' (Shíjiān yóurú báijūguòxì - Time is just like a white colt flashing past a crevice) is a classic example of its effective use. Pay attention to how it's used in literature and news articles to grasp its nuances. Regular exposure and practice will help you integrate it naturally into your expressive vocabulary.

ریشه کلمه

The character '犹' (yóu) originally referred to a mythical animal, often depicted as a monkey or a small bear, that was said to be very hesitant or indecisive. Over time, it came to mean 'still' or 'yet'. The character '如' (rú) means 'as' or 'like'. Together, '犹如' (yóu rú) therefore conveys the sense of 'still like' or 'as if', emphasizing a strong resemblance or comparison. Its usage can be traced back to classical Chinese literature, where it was employed to draw vivid parallels and comparisons. The combination of the two characters creates a nuanced expression that goes beyond a simple 'like' or 'as', suggesting a more profound or striking similarity. This construction is a common feature of Chinese compound words, where individual characters contribute to a richer, more specific meaning.

بافت فرهنگی

The word '犹如' (yóurú) in Chinese carries a nuanced cultural weight, often appearing in classical literature, poetry, and formal writing. It evokes a sense of refined comparison, suggesting a strong resemblance or a metaphorical likeness rather than a simple 'like' or 'as'. Its usage can elevate the tone of a description, imparting a more elegant and poetic quality. In traditional Chinese thought, metaphors and analogies are highly valued for their ability to convey complex ideas and emotions concisely. '犹如' fits well within this tradition, allowing for vivid imagery and deeper meaning. It's frequently used to describe natural phenomena, human emotions, or abstract concepts by likening them to something concrete and understandable, making it a powerful tool for evocative expression. The term also subtly implies a certain timelessness, often connecting contemporary observations with ancient wisdom or enduring truths.

راهنمای حفظ

犹如 (yóu rú) sounds like 'yo, Roo!' Imagine Roo (from Winnie the Pooh) saying 'yo' as he jumps, just like he's 'just like' his mom, Kanga.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال
'犹如' (yóu rú) is a Chinese word that translates to 'just like,' 'as if,' or 'similar to.' It is often used to draw a comparison between two things, highlighting their resemblance or how one thing appears to be another. It can be used in both formal and informal contexts to create vivid descriptions or analogies.
Certainly! '犹如' can be used in various ways. For instance, you might say: '她的歌声犹如天籁' (Tā de gēshēng yóurú tiānlài), which means 'Her singing is just like the sound of nature/heavenly music.' Another example: '他犹如一座山，稳重而坚定' (Tā yóurú yī zuò shān, wěnzhòng ér jiāndìng), meaning 'He is like a mountain, steady and firm.' It emphasizes the strong resemblance.
Yes, there are several synonyms that convey similar meanings to '犹如.' Some common ones include '好像' (hǎoxiàng - as if; seems like), '如同' (rútóng - like; similar to), and '仿佛' (fǎngfú - as if; seemingly). While they all express comparison, '犹如' often implies a more poetic or impactful comparison than some of its simpler counterparts.
While both '犹如' and '像' (xiàng) mean 'like' or 'as if,' there's a subtle difference in their usage and nuance. '像' is a more common and general term for comparison, often used in everyday conversation. '犹如,' on the other hand, tends to be more formal, literary, or poetic. It's often used to create a stronger, more evocative image or analogy, making the comparison more pronounced and impactful.

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank

她跑得飞快，______一阵风。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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那座山峰高耸入云，______一座巨大的屏障。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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她的歌声美妙动听，______天籁之音。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

امتیاز: /3

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