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A2 verb ニュートラル #5,000 よく出る 3分で読める

يظلم

yazlim /jaðˤ.lama/
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Overview

The Arabic word 'يظلم' (yaẓlim) is a versatile verb derived from the root ظ-ل-م (ẓ-l-m), which carries core meanings related to darkness, injustice, and oppression. Its meaning and nuance depend heavily on its vocalization and grammatical form.

**Form I (فَعَلَ - Fa'ala): ظَلَمَ (ẓalama)**

When vocalized as ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) in Form I, the primary meanings revolve around injustice and wrongdoing:

  • To do wrong, to commit an injustice, to oppress: This is the most common and prominent meaning. For example, 'ظَلَمَ الرَّجُلُ جَارَهُ' (ẓalama ar-rajulu jārahu) means 'The man wronged his neighbor' or 'The man oppressed his neighbor.' It implies acting unfairly or exceeding bounds.
  • To treat unjustly, to tyrannize: This emphasizes the power dynamic where one party acts unfairly against another.
  • To diminish, to reduce unjustly: In some contexts, it can imply taking away someone's rights or property unfairly.

**Form I (فَعِلَ - Fa'ila): ظَلِمَ (ẓalima)**

When vocalized as ظَلِمَ (ẓalima), it often refers to becoming dark or obscured:

  • To become dark, to be dark: This is directly related to the user's query. For example, 'ظَلِمَ اللَّيْلُ' (ẓalima al-laylu) means 'The night became dark.' It describes a state of darkness settling in.
  • To be obscure, to be dim: This can refer to light fading or visibility decreasing.

Form IV often denotes causation or making something happen:

  • To make dark, to darken: This is the transitive version of 'to become dark.' For example, 'أَظْلَمَ الْمَكَانَ' (aẓlama al-makāna) means 'He darkened the place.' It implies an active agent causing darkness.
  • To enter into darkness, to be overtaken by darkness: This can also describe the onset of darkness, like 'أَظْلَمَ اللَّيْلُ' (aẓlama al-laylu) meaning 'The night grew dark' or 'Night fell.'
  • To find dark: Less common, but can imply perceiving something as dark.

**Summary for 'يظلم' (yaẓlim):**

When you see 'يظلم', it is the imperfect (present/future) tense of the verb. Its specific meaning will depend on the intended root form and context:

  • From ظَلَمَ (ẓalama - Form I, active voice): 'He/it wrongs, oppresses, acts unjustly.' This is the most frequent usage in its imperfect form.
  • From ظَلِمَ (ẓalima - Form I, active voice): 'He/it becomes dark, grows dark, is obscure.' This is the meaning directly related to the user's provided definition.
  • From أَظْلَمَ (aẓlama - Form IV, active voice): 'He/it makes dark, darkens, causes darkness.'

Therefore, 'يظلم' can mean 'to become dark' or 'to make dark/obscure' depending on whether it's understood as the imperfect of ظَلِمَ (to become dark) or أَظْلَمَ (to make dark). The context of the sentence is crucial for disambiguation. Without vocalization marks, Arabic often relies on context to determine the precise meaning and grammatical form.

例文

1

يظلم الليل تدريجياً بعد غروب الشمس.

وصف الليل

The night gradually becomes dark after sunset.

2

تغطي السحب الكثيفة السماء فتظلم الأجواء.

وصف الطقس

Thick clouds cover the sky, making the atmosphere dark.

3

حاول أن يظلم الحقيقة لكنها انكشفت.

محاولة إخفاء

He tried to obscure the truth, but it was revealed.

4

تظلم الغرفة بإغلاق الستائر.

وصف فعل

She makes the room dark by closing the curtains.

5

لا تظلم الأمور، كن واضحًا في كلامك.

نصيحة

Don't obscure things, be clear in your speech.

よく使う組み合わせ

يظلم الليل
يظلم الكون
يظلم المكان
يظلم الأفق

よく混同される語

يظلم 対 w
80+ WORDS

文法パターン

p1 p2 p3

使い方

使い方のコツ

The verb 'يظلم' (yaẓlim) can be used in several ways, primarily meaning 'to become dark' or 'to make dark/obscure', and metaphorically 'to wrong, to oppress, or to act unjustly'. When used transitively, it means 'to wrong someone' or 'to treat someone unjustly'. For example, 'ظلم الرجل امرأته' (ẓalama al-rajulu imra'atahu) means 'The man wronged his wife'. It can also refer to the act of obscuring something, like 'ظلم الحقيقة' (ẓalama al-ḥaqīqata) meaning 'He obscured the truth'. Intransitively, it can describe the onset of darkness, such as 'ظلم الليل' (ẓalama al-laylu) meaning 'The night became dark'. The passive form 'يُظلم' (yuẓlamu) means 'to be wronged' or 'to be oppressed'. The noun 'ظلم' (ẓulm) signifies injustice or oppression. Understanding the context is crucial to differentiate between its literal and metaphorical meanings, especially regarding darkness versus injustice. The verb often implies a deliberate act of wrongdoing rather than an accidental one.

よくある間違い

A common mistake might be confusing the root of 'يظلم' (ظ ل م) with similar-sounding roots. For example, 'علم' (ʿalam) means to know, and 'سلم' (salam) means peace. The distinct 'ظ' sound in 'يظلم' is key to its meaning of darkness or injustice, as it can also mean to oppress or be unjust.

ヒント

💡

Distinguish from Injustice

While 'يظلم' can mean 'to be unjust' or 'to oppress' in some contexts, when referring to light, it distinctly means 'to become dark' or 'to obscure'. The root shares both meanings.
💡

Practice Conjugation

Arabic verbs are highly inflected. Practice conjugating 'يظلم' in various tenses, persons, and moods to master its usage. For instance, 'ظلم' (he darkened/was unjust), 'تظلم' (she darkens/is unjust), 'أظلم' (I darken/am unjust).

語源

The Arabic word 'يظلم' (yaẓlim) originates from the triliteral root ظ-ل-م (ẓ-l-m), which fundamentally conveys the concept of darkness, obscurity, and also injustice. This root is ancient and deeply embedded in Semitic languages. **Core Meaning Evolution:** 1. **Darkness/Obscurity:** The primary and most direct meaning relates to the absence of light. This can be natural darkness (nightfall, a dark room) or the act of making something dark or obscure. * The form 'ظَلَمَ' (ẓalama) as a verb can mean 'it became dark' or 'he darkened/obscured something'. * The noun 'ظُلْمَة' (ẓulmah) means 'darkness'. * 'مُظْلِم' (muẓlim) means 'dark' or 'darkened'. 2. **Injustice/Wrongdoing:** A significant semantic expansion of the root connects darkness with injustice. This connection is found across many cultures and languages, where darkness symbolizes evil, wrong, or a lack of clarity/truth, while light symbolizes justice, truth, and right. * 'ظَلَمَ' (ẓalama) also means 'he wronged', 'he oppressed', 'he treated unjustly'. This is a very common usage in classical and modern Arabic. * 'ظُلْم' (ẓulm) is the noun for 'injustice', 'oppression', 'wrongdoing'. * 'ظَالِم' (ẓālim) means 'unjust', 'oppressor', 'tyrant'. **Interrelation of Meanings:** The conceptual link between darkness and injustice is profound. Just as darkness obscures vision and understanding, injustice obscures truth and fairness. To 'darken' someone's life can mean to bring them hardship and suffering, which is a form of injustice. **Grammatical Forms and Their Nuances:** * **Form I (فَعَلَ - fa'ala):** The basic form, 'ظَلَمَ' (ẓalama), as mentioned, carries both meanings: 'to be dark/become dark' and 'to wrong/oppress'. The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended. * **Form II (فَعَّلَ - fa''ala):** 'ظَلَّمَ' (ẓallama) is less common but can intensify the meaning of wronging or accusing of injustice. * **Form IV (أَفْعَلَ - af'ala):** 'أَظْلَمَ' (aẓlama) specifically means 'to become dark' or 'to enter into darkness' (e.g., night falling). It also means 'to find someone unjust' or 'to deem someone unjust'. * **Form V (تَفَعَّلَ - tafa''ala):** 'تَظَلَّمَ' (taẓallama) means 'to complain of injustice', 'to seek redress for a wrong'. * **Form X (اِسْتَفْعَلَ - istaf'ala):** 'اِسْتَظْلَمَ' (istaẓlama) also means 'to consider someone unjust' or 'to ask for justice'. **The word 'يظلم' (yaẓlim) specifically is the imperfect (present/future) form of the Form I verb 'ظَلَمَ'.** Therefore, depending on context, it can mean: * 'He/it becomes dark' or 'He/it makes dark/obscures'. * 'He wrongs', 'He oppresses', 'He acts unjustly'. **Cognates in Other Semitic Languages:** The root ẓ-l-m has cognates in other Semitic languages, also carrying similar dual meanings of darkness and injustice: * **Hebrew:** The root צ-ל-ם (ts-l-m) primarily relates to 'shadow' or 'image', but also has connections to darkness in some contexts. While not a direct semantic match for injustice, the 'shadow' aspect shares the visual obscurity. * **Aramaic/Syriac:** The root ṭ-l-m (ܛܠܡ) or 'ẓ-l-m' also has meanings related to darkness, dimness, and potentially metaphorical senses of obscurity or distress. In summary, 'يظلم' (yaẓlim) embodies a rich semantic history, stemming from a fundamental root that connects the physical phenomenon of darkness with the ethical concept of injustice, a linkage deeply ingrained in Arabic linguistic and cultural thought.

文化的な背景

The Arabic word 'يظلم' (yaẓlim) carries significant cultural and religious weight, particularly within Islamic contexts. It is frequently used in the Quran and Hadith to describe concepts of injustice, oppression, and wrongdoing, often contrasted with divine justice and light. In a broader cultural sense, 'ظلم' (ẓulm), the noun form, is a deeply condemned act, representing a violation of rights and a deviation from moral and ethical conduct. This concept is embedded in everyday language and proverbs, emphasizing fairness and the rejection of oppression. The act of 'making dark or obscure' can also metaphorically refer to obscuring truth or justice, aligning with the negative connotations of the root. The cultural understanding of 'يظلم' is thus intertwined with themes of morality, accountability, and the pursuit of justice in society and in the eyes of God.

覚え方のコツ

The word 'يظلم' (yaẓlam) sounds a bit like 'ظلام' (ẓalām), which means darkness. So, when you hear 'يظلم', think of something becoming dark or making something dark.

よくある質問

4 問
The root of 'يظلم' (yaẓlim) is ظ ل م (ẓ-l-m). This root carries a fundamental meaning related to darkness, obscurity, injustice, and oppression in Arabic. It's a very rich and versatile root, giving rise to many words with related but distinct meanings, depending on the vocalization and form of the verb or noun. Understanding this root helps to grasp the semantic field of 'يظلم' and its various connotations.
The primary meanings of 'يظلم' encompass two main semantic fields. Firstly, it refers to 'to become dark' or 'to grow dark,' describing the natural phenomenon of day turning into night or an area losing its light. Secondly, it means 'to make dark or obscure,' implying an action that causes something to lose its brightness or clarity. While not directly stated in the prompt, it's worth noting that this root also leads to meanings of injustice and oppression, which are closely tied to the metaphorical concept of darkness obscuring truth or fairness.
Certainly! Here are some examples to illustrate the usage of 'يظلم': 1. 'بدأت السماء تظلم تدريجياً.' (The sky began to darken gradually.) - This refers to the natural darkening of the sky. 2. 'ظلمت الغيوم المنظر.' (The clouds obscured the view.) - Here, 'ظلمت' (a past tense form of the verb) means to make dark or obscure. 3. 'يظلم الليل على المدينة.' (The night darkens over the city.) - Another example of natural darkening. These examples show the verb in different contexts, primarily focusing on its literal meanings of becoming or making dark.
Yes, there are many related words and concepts stemming from the same root ظ ل م (ẓ-l-m). Some prominent examples include: * **ظلام (ẓalām):** This is a noun meaning 'darkness.' * **ظلمة (ẓulmah):** Another noun for 'darkness,' often referring to a specific instance or patch of darkness. * **ظالم (ẓālim):** An adjective meaning 'unjust' or 'oppressive,' and also a noun meaning 'oppressor.' * **مظلوم (maẓlūm):** An adjective meaning 'oppressed' or 'wronged,' and a noun for 'victim of injustice.' * **ظلم (ẓulm):** A noun meaning 'injustice' or 'oppression.' These words highlight the broader semantic field of the root, connecting the physical concept of darkness to the moral concept of injustice, where truth or fairness is obscured.

自分をテスト

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أظلم الليل فعدنا إلى ______.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
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لا تظلم الناس، فالله لا يحب ______.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
fill blank

يظلم الكون عند غياب ______.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

スコア： /3

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