Sorry vs. Apologize vs. Apology: 何が違うの?
sorry (feeling), apologize (action), and apology (noun) for perfect regret expressions.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'sorry' as an adjective to describe your feelings and 'apologize' as a verb to describe the action of saying it.
- Use 'sorry' with the verb 'to be' (e.g., I am sorry).
- Use 'apologize' as a standalone action verb (e.g., I apologize).
- Use 'sorry' for sympathy (I'm sorry for your loss), but 'apologize' only for your own mistakes.
Overview
sorry という言葉でしょう。しかし、英語には sorry 以外にも apologize や apology といった、謝罪を表す重要な言葉が存在します。これらはすべて「申し訳ない」という気持ちを伝えるものですが、文法上の役割(品詞)が根本的に異なり、それによって使い分けやニュアンスが変わってきます。sorry は「残念に思う、申し訳なく思う」という形容詞、apologize は「謝罪する」という動詞、そして apology は「謝罪」そのものを指す名詞です。この違いを理解することで、ビジネスシーンでのフォーマルな謝罪から、友人同士のカジュアルなやり取りまで、自信を持って使い分けられるようになります。この解説では、日本人が陥りやすい罠を回避しながら、これら3つの言葉を完璧に使いこなす方法を詳しく見ていきましょう。Sorry(形容詞 / 間投詞)sorry は、主語の状態や感情を表す「形容詞」です。日本語の「悲しい」や「嬉しい」と同じカテゴリーだと考えてください。そのため、文章で使うときには必ず be 動詞(am, is, are など)が必要になります。また、ぶつかったときなどに咄嗟に出る「ごめん!」という「間投詞」としても使われます。- 感情の焦点: 自分が「申し訳ないと感じている」という「状態」に焦点があります。
- 日本語との比較: 日本語の「ごめんなさい」に近いですが、英語では
I am sorry.のように「誰が」その状態なのかを明確にする必要があります。
Apologize(動詞)apologize は、謝罪という「動作」を表す「動詞」です。日本語の「謝る」「謝罪する」に直接対応します。主語が誰に対して、何のために謝るのかという「行為」そのものを強調します。- 行為の焦点: 謝罪するという「アクション」に焦点があります。
- 日本語との比較: 「私は~について謝罪します」という能動的な表現になります。
sorryよりもフォーマルで、責任を認めて公式に謝るニュアンスが強くなります。
Apology(名詞)apology は「謝罪」という「物事の名前」を表す「名詞」です。日本語の「お詫び」や「謝罪の言葉」に相当します。名詞なので、make(作る・行う)や accept(受け入れる)といった他の動詞と一緒に使われます。- 概念の焦点: 謝罪という「実体」や「メッセージ」に焦点があります。
- 日本語との比較: 「お詫びを申し上げる」や「謝罪を受け入れる」といった、少し硬い表現や客観的な記述に使われます。
sorry | 形容詞 | 申し訳なく思っている(状態) | be 動詞と一緒に使う |apologize | 動詞 | 謝罪する(行為) | 主語の後に直接置く(活用する) |apology | 名詞 | 謝罪・お詫び(もの) | make や give などの目的語になる |Sorry のパターンSubject + be verb + sorry が基本形です。何に対して申し訳ないのかを付け加えるときは、以下の前置詞を使い分けます。be sorry for+ [名詞/動名詞]: 自分の行為に対して謝るとき。I am sorry for the mistake.(間違いをしてすみません)be sorry about+ [名詞]: 起きてしまった状況や出来事に対して残念に思うとき。I am sorry about what happened.(起きてしまったことについて、申し訳なく思います)be sorry to+ [動詞の原形]: これからすること、あるいは今知ったことに対して遺憾に思うとき。I am sorry to disturb you.(お邪魔してすみません。※今邪魔している、あるいはこれから邪魔することに対して)be sorry that+ [主語 + 動詞]: 文章(節)をつなげて、具体的な内容を説明するとき。I am sorry that I couldn't attend the meeting.(会議に出席できなくてすみませんでした)
Apologize のパターンto、理由には for を使います。- 基本形:
Subject + apologize(s) + to [人] + for [理由] He apologized to me for his late arrival.(彼は遅刻したことを私に謝った)- 時制の変化:
- 現在形:
I apologize.(謝罪いたします) - 過去形:
I apologized.(謝罪しました) - 現在完了形:
I have apologized.((すでに)謝罪しました)
Apology のパターンmake an apology: 謝罪する(行為を行う)accept an apology: 謝罪を受け入れるoffer an apology: 謝罪を申し出る(フォーマル)My apologies: 「申し訳ございません」という丁寧なフレーズ(主にビジネスメール)
Sorrysorry が最も自然です。感情が直接伝わりやすい言葉です。Sorry, I'm late!(ごめん、遅れた!)I'm so sorry, I didn't mean to hurt you.(本当にごめん、傷つけるつもりはなかったんだ)
sorry を使います。I'm sorry to hear about your loss.(ご不幸をお聞きして、お悔やみ申し上げます)
Apologizeapologize が適しています。sorry よりも「責任を認めて、正式に謝罪の意を表す」というプロフェッショナルな響きがあります。We apologize for any inconvenience caused.(ご不便をおかけしたことをお詫び申し上げます)I apologize for the delay in my response.(返信が遅れたことをお詫びいたします)
Apologyapology を使います。Please accept my sincere apology.(私の心からの謝罪を受け入れてください)The company issued a public apology.(その会社は公式な謝罪文を出した)My apologies for the confusion.(混乱を招き申し訳ございません。※ビジネスメールの定番フレーズ)
I sorry. (be 動詞の脱落)sorry は形容詞なので、主語と述語(be 動詞)がセットで必要です。- ❌ Incorrect:
I sorry for being late. - ✅ Correct:
I am sorry for being late. - 解説: 日本語の「私は遅刻して申し訳ない(状態だ)」という構造を意識しましょう。
I apologize you. (前置詞 to の脱落)apologize は自動詞なので、謝る相手の前に必ず to が必要です。tell you や thank you のように直接人を置くことはできません。- ❌ Incorrect:
I apologize you for the mistake. - ✅ Correct:
I apologize to you for the mistake. - 解説:
toは「~に向かって」という方向を表す矢印の役割をしています。謝罪の言葉を「あなたに向けて」投げるイメージを持ってください。
sorry で訳すsorry は「謝罪」と「共感」にしか使えません。- 場面: 店員を呼ぶとき
- ❌ Incorrect:
Sorry!(これだと、何か悪いことをしたように聞こえます) - ✅ Correct:
Excuse me! - 場面: プレゼントをもらったとき
- ❌ Incorrect:
I'm sorry.(これだと、プレゼントを迷惑がっているように聞こえる場合があります) - ✅ Correct:
Thank you so much!
I'm sorry. | 最も一般的。個人的な感情や後悔を伝える。 | 中 |I apologize. | フォーマル。責任を認め、正式に謝罪する。 | 高 |My apologies. | 非常に丁寧。ビジネスメールや公的な場。 | 最高 |Excuse me. | 軽い謝罪(失礼します)、呼びかけ、聞き返し。 | 低~中 |Pardon me. | Excuse me よりも丁寧。上品な響き。 | 高 |Sorry for vs. Sorry about の微細な違いSorry for: 主に「自分の具体的な行動」に対して使います。I'm sorry for breaking the glass.(グラスを割ってごめん)Sorry about: 主に「起きてしまった状況」や「自分ではコントロールできないこと」に対して使います。I'm sorry about the rain.(雨が降って残念だね)
for を使うのが一般的です。I'm sorry を使うのは失礼ですか?I apologize for... や Please accept my apologies for... を使う方がプロフェッショナルで誠実な印象を与えます。My apologies は単数形(My apology)でも使えますか?My apologies を使います。これは「いくつものお詫びの気持ち」を込めるというニュアンスから来ています。単数形の apology は、I sent an apology email.(謝罪メールを送った)のように、具体的な「一つの謝罪」を指すときに使います。I'm sorry to hear that. は謝っているのですか?apologize の綴りが apologise になっているのを見ましたが、間違いですか?apologize はアメリカ英語、apologise はイギリス英語の綴りです。どちらを使っても通じますが、一つの文章やメールの中ではどちらかに統一するのがマナーです。日本の学校教育ではアメリカ英語の -ize を習うのが一般的です。sorry)」を伝えたいのか、「行為(apologize)」を伝えたいのか、あるいは「お詫び(apology)」という言葉自体を扱いたいのか、立ち止まって考えてみてください。最初は I am sorry. からで十分ですが、少しずつ I apologize to you for... のような構造を意識して練習していきましょう。一歩ずつの努力(頑張る spirit)が、あなたの英語をより自然で信頼されるものに変えていきます!Conjugating the Verb 'Apologize'
| Tense | Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
apologize
|
I apologize for the delay.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
apologizes
|
He apologizes for his cat.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
apologized
|
They apologized yesterday.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
I
|
am apologizing
|
I am apologizing right now.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
He / She / It
|
has apologized
|
She has already apologized.
|
|
Future
|
All subjects
|
will apologize
|
We will apologize tomorrow.
|
Common Contractions with 'Sorry'
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
I am sorry
|
I'm sorry
|
Most common in speech
|
|
We are sorry
|
We're sorry
|
Common for groups
|
|
He is sorry
|
He's sorry
|
Describing someone else
|
|
They are sorry
|
They're sorry
|
Describing a group
|
Meanings
The distinction between expressing a personal feeling of regret (sorry) and performing the formal act of admitting a fault (apologize).
Personal Regret
Using 'sorry' to express that you feel bad about a situation, whether or not it is your fault.
“I'm sorry it's raining today.”
“She felt sorry for the stray cat.”
Formal Act
Using 'apologize' to perform the social ritual of taking responsibility for a mistake.
“The company apologized for the delay.”
“I apologize for my late response.”
Sympathy
Using 'sorry' to show compassion for someone else's misfortune.
“I'm so sorry to hear about your grandfather.”
“We are sorry for your loss.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative (Sorry)
|
Subject + be + sorry
|
I am sorry.
|
|
Negative (Sorry)
|
Subject + be + not + sorry
|
I am not sorry.
|
|
Question (Sorry)
|
Be + subject + sorry?
|
Are you sorry?
|
|
Affirmative (Apologize)
|
Subject + apologize
|
I apologize.
|
|
Negative (Apologize)
|
Subject + do/does/did not + apologize
|
I don't apologize.
|
|
Question (Apologize)
|
Do/Does/Did + subject + apologize?
|
Did you apologize?
|
|
With Person
|
Apologize + to + [person]
|
I apologize to you.
|
|
With Reason
|
Sorry + for + [noun/verb-ing]
|
I'm sorry for the wait.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I apologize for my late arrival. (Arriving at a meeting or hangout)
I'm sorry I'm late. (Arriving at a meeting or hangout)
Sorry I'm late! (Arriving at a meeting or hangout)
My bad for being late. (Arriving at a meeting or hangout)
The World of Regret
Feelings (Adjective)
- Sorry I am sorry
Actions (Verb)
- Apologize I apologize
Nouns
- Apology Give an apology
Sorry vs. Apologize
Which one should I use?
Is it a feeling?
Is it for a boss?
Preposition Partners
Sorry + ...
- • for (action)
- • about (situation)
- • that (clause)
Apologize + ...
- • to (person)
- • for (reason)
- • profusely (adverb)
レベル別の例文
I am sorry.
I am sorry I am late.
Are you sorry?
She is sorry for the mess.
I apologize for the mistake.
I'm sorry about your phone.
He didn't apologize to me.
We are sorry for the noise.
I sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused.
I'm so sorry to hear that you didn't get the job.
You should apologize to her for being rude.
I'm sorry, but I can't come to the party.
The government issued a formal apology to the victims.
I'm sorry to bother you, but do you have the time?
He was deeply apologetic about the misunderstanding.
I apologize if I offended anyone with my comments.
It was a sorry sight to see the historic building in ruins.
I must apologize; I seem to have misplaced your files.
She offered a half-hearted apology that fooled no one.
I'm sorry, but your logic simply doesn't hold up.
The CEO's refusal to apologize proved to be his undoing.
I'm sorry to say that the project has been terminated.
He cut a sorry figure standing there in the rain.
To apologize is to acknowledge the social contract.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'sorry' to get attention or 'excuse me' for mistakes.
Mixing the noun 'apology' with the verb 'apologize'.
Using 'for' with verbs and 'to' with nouns incorrectly.
よくある間違い
I sorry.
I am sorry.
He sorries.
He is sorry.
I am apologize.
I apologize.
Sorry for you.
I'm sorry for you.
I apologize for you.
I apologize to you.
I am very apologize.
I am very sorry.
I sorry about that.
I'm sorry about that.
I apologize your loss.
I'm sorry for your loss.
I am apologizing for hear that.
I'm sorry to hear that.
She didn't sorry.
She wasn't sorry.
I apologize me.
I apologize.
文型パターン
I am sorry for ___.
I apologize to ___ for ___.
I'm sorry to hear that ___.
He/She refused to apologize for ___.
Real World Usage
Sorry, running 5 mins late!
I apologize for the delay in responding to your inquiry.
We apologize for the inconvenience caused by the flight cancellation.
So sorry for your loss, sending love.
I apologize, could you please repeat the question?
I'm sorry, but this isn't what I ordered.
The 'Be' Test
Sympathy vs. Guilt
Professional Polish
The Sarcastic Sorry
Smart Tips
Replace 'I'm sorry' with 'I apologize' to sound more professional.
Always use 'sorry', never 'apologize'.
You must use 'sorry'. You cannot say 'very apologize'.
Remember: TO a person, FOR a reason.
発音
Sorry Stress
The stress is on the first syllable.
Apologize Stress
The stress is on the second syllable.
The 'g' in Apologize
The 'g' makes a soft 'j' sound like in 'jump'.
Sincere Apology
I'm SO sorry. (Falling intonation on 'sorry')
Shows deep regret
Formal Apology
I apologize. (Flat, steady intonation)
Professional and serious
暗記しよう
記憶術
S-O-R-R-Y is a State Of Regret, Yes? (State = Adjective). Apologize is an Action (Action = Verb).
視覚的連想
Imagine a heart for 'sorry' (feelings) and a megaphone for 'apologize' (speaking/acting). You feel with your heart, but you speak into the megaphone.
Rhyme
If you feel it in your head, 'I am sorry' should be said. If you act to make it right, 'I apologize' is polite.
Story
A clumsy waiter drops a tray. He feels 'sorry' (internal feeling) as his face turns red. He quickly 'apologizes' (external action) to the customers so he doesn't get fired.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences: one using 'sorry' for a friend, one using 'apologize' for a boss, and one using 'sorry' to show sympathy for a sad news story.
文化メモ
British people are famous for saying 'sorry' very frequently, often even when they haven't done anything wrong (e.g., if someone else bumps into them). It functions as a social lubricant.
In US corporate culture, 'I apologize' is preferred over 'I'm sorry' because it sounds more proactive and less emotional, focusing on the resolution of the error.
Similar to the UK, Canadians use 'sorry' as a general polite filler. There is even a 'Sorry Act' in Ontario that says an apology does not legally constitute an admission of guilt.
'Sorry' comes from the Old English 'sarig' (full of sorrow/pain), related to 'sore'. 'Apologize' comes from the Greek 'apologia', which was actually a formal speech in defense of oneself.
会話のきっかけ
Have you ever had to apologize for a big mistake at work?
When was the last time you felt sorry for someone?
Do you think people say 'sorry' too much in your country?
If a company makes a mistake, should they apologize publicly?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
I ___ for being late to the meeting.
She is very ___ about breaking your glasses.
Find and fix the mistake:
I apologize you for the mistake.
I am sorry for the noise. -> I ___ for the noise.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
You can use 'apologize' to show sympathy when a friend's cat dies.
A: Did he say he was sorry? B: No, he refused to ___.
Identify the adjective.
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesI ___ for being late to the meeting.
She is very ___ about breaking your glasses.
Find and fix the mistake:
I apologize you for the mistake.
I am sorry for the noise. -> I ___ for the noise.
1. Sympathy for a loss, 2. Formal business error, 3. Bumping into a stranger
You can use 'apologize' to show sympathy when a friend's cat dies.
A: Did he say he was sorry? B: No, he refused to ___.
Identify the adjective.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesI'm ___ for forgetting your birthday!
The company had to ___ to its customers for the service outage.
He offered a sorry for his behavior.
We apologize for arrive late.
Which sentence properly uses 'sorry'?
Choose the best formal expression:
Translate: 'Le debo una disculpa grande.'
Translate: 'Ella se disculpó por no haber devuelto la llamada.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Form a coherent sentence:
Match the expressions with their common roles:
Match the situation with the best choice:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No. 'Apologize' is a verb. You should say 'I apologize' or 'I am apologizing'.
Yes, 'sorry' is much more common in daily conversation and informal writing.
They are often interchangeable, but 'sorry for' is usually followed by an action (sorry for being late), while 'sorry about' is for a situation (sorry about the weather).
You can, but it might sound a bit too formal or serious unless you really messed up.
It is a standard phrase used to show sympathy when someone tells you bad news.
No, 'apology' is a noun. You 'give' or 'make' an apology.
In British culture, 'sorry' is often used as a way to be polite or to avoid conflict, even if no one is at fault.
Use the phrase 'I apologize for...' or 'Please accept my sincere apologies for...'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Lo siento / Disculparse
Spanish 'Lo siento' is a verb phrase, while English 'Sorry' is an adjective.
Désolé / S'excuser
The French verb 's'excuser' is reflexive (to excuse oneself), whereas 'apologize' is not.
Es tut mir leid / Sich entschuldigen
German structure for 'sorry' is much more complex than the English adjective.
Gomen / Ayamaru
Japanese apologies often function as 'thank you' or 'excuse me' much more than in English.
Asif / I'tadhara
Arabic adjectives conjugate for gender, unlike English 'sorry'.
Duìbuqǐ / Dàoqiàn
Chinese does not use a 'be' verb with Duìbuqǐ.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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