B1 · 中級 チャプター 13

Explanations and Emotional Reactions

6 トータルルール
64 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of emotional nuance and contextual storytelling to sound like a native Korean speaker.

  • Provide background context with polite explanatory endings.
  • Reference shared knowledge to build conversational rapport.
  • Express genuine emotions ranging from surprise to gratitude.
Connect through emotion, express with confidence.

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! In this chapter, we're diving deep into the heart of Korean conversations to learn how to inject context and emotion into everything you say, making you sound incredibly natural, just like a native speaker. No more bland, robotic Korean for you! First up, with 거든요 you'll master how to politely provide reasons or offer background information your listener might not know, essentially saying because, you see... or as you know.... Then, we move to 잖아요, a super handy expression for referencing shared knowledge or gently reminding someone of a fact they should already be aware of, like you know, right...? Ever wanted to gracefully correct someone or assert a fact that contradicts their assumption, perhaps with a touch of modesty? That's exactly what ㄴ/은걸요 is for, giving you that perfect actually... nuance. Next, 덕분에 teaches you how to express gratitude, meaning thanks to... or because of... — but remember, it's exclusively for positive outcomes, unless you're being playfully sarcastic! Finally, we'll tackle the versatile ~다니. You'll learn two powerful uses: first, to convey shock or regret, like "I can't believe that...!

when faced with surprising or unfortunate news. Second, to express genuine surprise, disbelief, or admiration, giving you that
Wait, really?!" reaction to a newly discovered fact. These aren't just grammar points; they're the keys to unlocking truly expressive and engaging Korean. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to navigate complex social interactions, convey your true feelings, and understand the subtle nuances that make conversations so rich. Ready for this exciting journey?

  • 「〜なんですよ」理由の説明 (거든요)
    相手が知らない情報や理由を「実は〜なんですよ」と優しく説明する時に使います。«거든요» を使うと、会話がぐっと自然でネイティブっぽくなりますよ！
  • 「〜じゃないですか」の表現 (janayo)
    相手も知っていることを「ほら、〜でしょ？」と思い出させるときは «잖아요»、友達には «잖아»、目上の人には «아시잖아요» を使いましょう。
  • 「実は…」の語尾 (ㄴ/은걸요)
    相手の思い込みを優しく訂正したり、褒められた時に「謙遜」したりする時に使います。«ㄴ/은걸요» を添えるだけで、ぐっと自然な響きになりますよ！
  • 韓国語で「〜のおかげで」: -덕분에 の使い方
    ポジティブな結果に対して「〜のおかげで」と感謝を伝えるなら «덕분에» を使いましょう。悪い結果には使わないのがルールです！
  • 驚きの表現：「信じられない…」 (~다니)
    驚いたり、残念なニュースに反応する時、「～다니」は「～だなんて信じられない…」という気持ちを表す魔法の表現です。
  • 驚き：-다니 (えっ、本当に？)
    「-다니」は、何か事実を知って、「まさか！」や「すごい！」と«驚き»、«信じられない»気持ち、時には«感嘆»のリアクションを伝える時に使う表現ですよ。

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use contextual endings to explain your actions and opinions naturally.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, language explorer, to a crucial chapter in your Korean grammar B1 journey! In this guide, we're unlocking the secrets to truly natural and expressive Korean communication. Moving beyond basic sentence structures, we'll delve into patterns that allow you to convey subtle nuances, provide context, and express genuine emotions, just like native speakers do.
Mastering these structures is vital for navigating complex social interactions and understanding the rich tapestry of Korean conversation. By the time you finish this chapter, you'll be equipped to add depth and personality to your speech, making your Korean sound less like a textbook and more like real life.
This chapter focuses on five powerful grammatical tools: 거든요, 잖아요, ㄴ/은걸요, 덕분에, and ~다니. These aren't just dry rules; they are the keys to injecting background information, reminding others of shared knowledge, gently correcting assumptions, expressing heartfelt gratitude, and reacting with surprise or regret. At the B1 level, you're ready to move beyond simply being understood and start truly *connecting* with others in Korean.
Get ready to elevate your conversational skills and sound incredibly natural!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the core functions of these expressive Korean grammar patterns. First up is 거든요, which you use to provide background information or a reason for something, often when the listener isn't aware of it. It's like saying because, you see... or as you know....
For example: 비가 오거든요 (Because it's raining, you see). Next, we have 잖아요, a super handy pattern for referencing shared knowledge or reminding someone of a fact they should already know. Think of it as you know, right...? or as you know....
For instance: 어제 말했잖아요 (I told you yesterday, you know!).
Then comes ㄴ/은걸요, a subtle yet powerful ending for asserting a fact or gently correcting someone's assumption, often with a touch of modesty or politeness. It translates to actually... or
it is... you know.
For example: 저도 처음인걸요 (Actually, it's my first time too).
Moving on, 덕분에 allows you to express gratitude for a positive outcome, meaning thanks to... or because of.... Remember, it's exclusively for good things! 여행 덕분에 기분이 좋아요 (Thanks to the trip, I feel good).
Finally, the versatile ~다니 has two key uses. One is to express shock or regret, often upon hearing surprising or unfortunate news, like "I can't believe that...! or To think that...". For example: 벌써 끝났다니 믿을 수 없어요 (I can't believe it's already over).
The second use of ~다니 conveys genuine surprise, disbelief, or admiration for a newly discovered fact, similar to Wait, really?! or To think that.... 예를 들어: 혼자서 다 했다니 대단하네요 (To think you did it all by yourself, that's amazing!). Mastering these patterns will significantly boost your B1 Korean conversational fluency.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 공부 덕분에 시험에 떨어졌어요. (Thanks to studying, I failed the exam.)
✓ Correct: 공부를 안 한 탓에 시험에 떨어졌어요. (Because I didn't study, I failed the exam.)
*Explanation:* 덕분에 is exclusively for positive outcomes. Using it for negative situations sounds sarcastic or grammatically incorrect. For negative causes, use patterns like -때문에 or -탓에.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: (To a stranger) 여기 앉으세요. 비어있잖아요. (Please sit here. It's empty, you know.)
✓ Correct: (To a stranger) 여기 앉으세요. 비어있거든요. (Please sit here. It's empty, you see.)
*Explanation:* 잖아요 implies shared knowledge or a reminder. Using it with someone you don't have shared context with can sound presumptuous or impolite. 거든요 is better for providing new, factual information to someone.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: (To express shock) 네가 그걸 몰라 다니? (You don't know that, to think?)
✓ Correct: 네가 그걸 모르다니? (To think you don't know that?)
*Explanation:* When using ~다니 with verbs, the verb stem connects directly to ~다니 without additional particles like -라. The verb is in its plain form (e.g., 모르다 -> 모르다니).

Real Conversations

A

A

왜 이렇게 늦었어요? (Why are you so late?)
B

B

미안해요. 길이 많이 막혔거든요. (I'm sorry. The road was really jammed, you see.)
A

A

이 식당 진짜 맛있어요! (This restaurant is really delicious!)
B

B

맞아요. 우리 지난주에도 왔잖아요. (Right. We came last week too, you know!)
A

A

한국어 배우기 너무 어렵지 않아요? (Isn't learning Korean too hard?)
B

B

아니요, 생각보다 재미있는걸요! (No, actually, it's more fun than I thought!)

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I use 덕분에 even if the positive outcome wasn't directly caused by a person?

Yes! You can use 덕분에 with non-human subjects or situations, like 날씨 덕분에 (thanks to the weather) or 인터넷 덕분에 (thanks to the internet), as long as the result is positive.

Q

What's the main difference between 거든요 and -아서/어서?

While both give reasons, -아서/어서 states a direct, objective cause-and-effect. 거든요 provides background information or a reason the listener might not know, often with a slightly more conversational tone, setting up a further explanation or justification.

Q

Is ㄴ/은걸요 always polite?

Yes, ㄴ/은걸요 inherently carries a polite and often gentle nuance, making it suitable for situations where you're correcting or asserting a fact without sounding aggressive.

Q

Can ~다니 be used in formal speech?

While ~다니 is very common in spoken, informal contexts, it can appear in more formal settings, especially when conveying surprise or disbelief in a report or news. However, for very formal written contexts, other expressions might be preferred.

Cultural Context

These grammar patterns are deeply embedded in the social fabric of Korean conversations. Using 거든요 and 잖아요 correctly demonstrates an understanding of shared social context and helps build rapport. ㄴ/은걸요 allows for polite disagreement or assertion, reflecting the value placed on harmonious communication.
덕분에 is essential for expressing gratitude, a cornerstone of Korean etiquette. Finally, ~다니 lets you react authentically, showcasing emotional engagement, which is highly valued in close relationships. Mastering them helps you navigate the subtle dance of communication, making your B1 Korean sound truly authentic.

重要な例文 (8)

1

배가 부르거든요.

お腹がいっぱいなんですよ。

「〜なんですよ」理由の説明 (거든요)
2

제가 어제 잠을 못 잤거든요.

昨日寝られなかったんですよ。

「〜なんですよ」理由の説明 (거든요)
3

장학금 덕분에 대학교를 무사히 졸업했어요.

奨学金のおかげで、大学を無事に卒業できました。

韓国語で「〜のおかげで」: -덕분에 の使い方
4

네가 도와준 덕분에 빨리 끝났어!

君が手伝ってくれたおかげで、早く終わったよ！

韓国語で「〜のおかげで」: -덕분에 の使い方
5

I can't believe it's already 12 o'clock.

もう12時だなんて、信じられない。

驚きの表現：「信じられない…」 (~다니)
6

It's such a pity that the singer is retiring.

あの歌手が引退するなんて、本当に残念です。

驚きの表現：「信じられない…」 (~다니)
7

벌써 매진이라니 말도 안 돼!

もう売り切れだなんて、ありえない！

驚き：-다니 (えっ、本当に？)
8

민지 씨가 회사를 그만둔다니 정말 아쉬워요.

ミンジさんが会社を辞めるなんて、本当に残念です。

驚き：-다니 (えっ、本当に？)

ヒントとコツ (4)

⚠️

トーンに注意！

語尾を上げすぎると「だから言ったでしょ！」と反抗的に聞こえることがあります。«거든요.» と平坦に、または少し下げて言うのが優しく聞こえるコツです。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜なんですよ」理由の説明 (거든요)
⚠️

言い方に気をつけて！

強く言いすぎると「言ったでしょ！」と相手を責めているように聞こえます。優しく言うのがコツですよ。 «제가 아까 말했잖아요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜じゃないですか」の表現 (janayo)
⚠️

トーンに気をつけて！

相手の意見に反対する形になるので、語尾を少し上げて柔らかく言うのがコツです。«별로 안 추운걸요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「実は…」の語尾 (ㄴ/은걸요)
💡

タメ口なら「에」を省略してOK

仲の良い友達には、文末で「에」を抜いて «너 덕분이야!» (君のおかげだよ！) と言うと、より親近感がわきます。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語で「〜のおかげで」: -덕분에 の使い方

重要な語彙 (6)

덕분에 (deokbune) thanks to 상황 (sanghwang) situation 놀랍다 (nollapda) to be surprising 사실 (sasil) fact 기억하다 (gieokhada) to remember 충격 (chunggyeok) shock

Real-World Preview

briefcase

At the Office

Review Summary

  • Verb/Adj + 거든요
  • Verb/Adj + 잖아요
  • Verb/Adj + ㄴ/은걸요
  • Noun + 덕분에
  • Verb/Adj + 다니
  • Verb/Adj + 다니

よくある間違い

덕분에 is only for positive outcomes. Since getting wet/using an umbrella is neutral/negative, use 때문에.

Wrong: 비가 와서 덕분에 우산을 썼어요.
正解: 비가 와서 때문에 우산을 썼어요.

거든요 is for providing context to a sentence, not as an answer to a question.

Wrong: 그는 거든요.
正解: 그는 그래요.

잖아요 is only for facts you both know. Don't use it to ask about new information.

Wrong: 알잖아요? (when the listener doesn't know)
正解: 아세요? (Do you know?)

このチャプターのルール (6)

1

「〜なんですよ」理由の説明 (거든요)

B1
相手が知らない情報や理由を「実は〜なんですよ」と優しく説明する時に使います。«거든요» を使うと、会話がぐっと自然でネイティブっぽくなりますよ！
배가 부르거든요.
12 例文
2

「〜じゃないですか」の表現 (janayo)

B1
相手も知っていることを「ほら、〜でしょ？」と思い出させるときは «잖아요»、友達には «잖아»、目上の人には «아시잖아요» を使いましょう。
어제 말했잖아요.
12 例文
3

「実は…」の語尾 (ㄴ/은걸요)

B1
相手の思い込みを優しく訂正したり、褒められた時に「謙遜」したりする時に使います。«ㄴ/은걸요» を添えるだけで、ぐっと自然な響きになりますよ！
아니요, 잘 먹는걸요.
10 例文
4

韓国語で「〜のおかげで」: -덕분에 の使い方

B1
ポジティブな結果に対して「〜のおかげで」と感謝を伝えるなら «덕분에» を使いましょう。悪い結果には使わないのがルールです！
장학금 덕분에 대학교를 무사히 졸업했어요.
10 例文
5

驚きの表現：「信じられない…」 (~다니)

B1
驚いたり、残念なニュースに反応する時、「～다니」は「～だなんて信じられない…」という気持ちを表す魔法の表現です。
I can't believe it's already 12 o'clock.
10 例文
6

驚き：-다니 (えっ、本当に？)

B1
「-다니」は、何か事実を知って、「まさか！」や「すごい！」と«驚き»、«信じられない»気持ち、時には«感嘆»のリアクションを伝える時に使う表現ですよ。
벌써 매진이라니 말도 안 돼!
10 例文

Next Steps

You have mastered the emotional heart of Korean! Take a moment to celebrate this achievement before moving on to describing the world.

Watch a K-Drama and listen for these endings.

Continue to: Describing Nouns and Creating Concepts

クイック練習 (10)

形容詞の活用における間違いを見つけてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

날씨가 춥는다니 코트를 입으세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 날씨가 춥다니 코트를 입으세요.
形容詞（叙述動詞）は、「-ㄴ/는」を付けずに直接「-다니」を付けます。「춥다」→「춥다니」となります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 驚き：-다니 (えっ、本当に？)

文章の間違いを直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

열심히 공부하다 덕분에 시험에 합격했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 열심히 공부한 덕분에 시험에 합격했어요.
動詞を「덕분에」に繋げる時は連体形にします。合格したのは過去の勉強の結果なので、過去連体形の「공부한」が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語で「〜のおかげで」: -덕분에 の使い方

「それ、高いじゃないですか！」を友達へのタメ口（パンマル）に直してください。

그거 비싸잖아요!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그거 비싸잖아!
タメ口にするには、語尾の '요' を取るだけでOKです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜じゃないですか」の表現 (janayo)

友達が会社を辞めると言った時に、最も自然に驚きを表す応答はどれですか？

가: 저 회사를 그만두기로 했어요。 나: (____)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그만두다니요?!
驚きの発言に丁寧に反応する時は、「～다니」に「～요」を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 驚きの表現：「信じられない…」 (~다니)

「学生なんですよ」と言うために、空欄を埋めてください。

저는 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 학생이거든요
「학생」はパッチムで終わる名詞なので、「이거든요」を付けるのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜なんですよ」理由の説明 (거든요)

名詞への驚きを正しく表現している文を選んでください。

「彼が学生だなんて...」を表す正しい文を選んでください。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그 사람이 학생이라니...
子音で終わる名詞には「-이라니」を付けます。「학생」は「ㅇ」で終わるので、「학생이라니」となります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 驚き：-다니 (えっ、本当に？)

'작다'（小さい）を正しい形にして空欄を埋めてください。

A: 이 옷이 너무 커요. B: 아니요, 제 눈에는 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 작은걸요
'작다' は子音で終わる形容詞なので、'은걸요' を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「実は…」の語尾 (ㄴ/은걸요)

文法的に正しく、自然な文章を選んでください。

次のうち正しいものはどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 친구가 도와준 덕분에 숙제를 빨리 끝냈어요.
「덕분에」はポジティブな結果に使います。服が濡れたり遅刻したりするのはネガティブなので不適切です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語で「〜のおかげで」: -덕분에 の使い方

友達に「私たち、友達じゃん」とタメ口で言うのはどれ？

正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 우리 친구잖아.
名詞 '친구' にタメ口の '잖아' をつけるのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜じゃないですか」の表現 (janayo)

遅刻した理由（バスが来なかった）を説明するのに、最も自然なのはどれ？

最適な説明を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 버스가 안 왔거든요.
相手が知らない理由を新しく伝える時は「거든요」が最も自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜なんですよ」理由の説明 (거든요)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

はい、タメ口の「거든」の形なら可能です。例えば «집에 가거든 연락해»（家に着いたら連絡して）のように使いますが、文末で終わる説明の「거든요」とは使い分けが必要です。
丁寧な「ヘヨ体」ですが、かなり会話的な表現です。書き言葉や非常に公的な場（面接など）では «-기 때문이다» を使う方がプロフェッショナルに聞こえます。
あまりおすすめしません。相手が知っている前提の話し方なので、少し馴れ馴れしく聞こえるからです。 «처음 뵙는데 실례잖아요.»
-죠 は「〜ですよね？」と確認する感じですが、 잖아요 は「〜じゃないですか（知ってるでしょ）」と念を押す感じです。 «오늘 날씨가 정말 춥잖아요.»
少し注意が必要です。「〜ですよ」と丁寧ではありますが、反論のニュアンスがあるので「口答え」に見えることもあります。«이미 했는걸요» などは控えめにしましょう。
~는데요は「〜なんですけど…」と相手の反応を待つ感じですが、~ㄴ/은걸요は「実は〜なんですよ」と事実を提示するニュアンスが強いです。
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Describing Nouns and Creating Concepts
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