A2 · 初中級 チャプター 14

Speaking with Respect: Honorifics for VIPs

6 トータルルール
63 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of respect by mastering Korean honorific particles and VIP verbs.

  • Replace standard particles with 께서 and 께 to address elders.
  • Conjugate special honorific verbs for existence, eating, and sleeping.
  • Navigate social hierarchies with confidence and natural politeness.
Elevate your Korean, one respectful sentence at a time.

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! You've already done an amazing job learning the Korean basics, and now it's time to add a super important layer to your conversations: speaking with respect! This chapter,

Speaking with Respect: Honorifics for VIPs,
is all about upgrading your Korean to sound natural and polite, especially when you're talking to people older than you, your teachers, or even your boss. We’ll dive deep into seven essential rules. You know 이/가 and 에게/한테? Well, we’ll learn their special VIP versions: 께서 and 께. Imagine chatting with your Korean grandmother or a respected senior—using these particles correctly will instantly show your thoughtfulness and understanding of Korean culture. Beyond particles, we're tackling three crucial VIP verbs: 계시다 (for to be), 드시다 or 잡수시다 (for to eat), and 주무시다 (for to sleep). Instead of just saying 먹다 for your professor, you’ll master 드시다, making you sound incredibly respectful and fluent. By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand *why* honorifics are vital; you'll be able to confidently use them in everyday situations, making great impressions and navigating social interactions with ease. Get ready to elevate your Korean to the next level!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly identify when to swap basic particles for VIP honorific particles.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use honorific verbs like 계시다 and 드시다 in daily conversations.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language explorer! You've already done an amazing job learning the Korean grammar basics, and now it's time to add a super important layer to your conversations: speaking with respect! This chapter,
Speaking with Respect: Honorifics for VIPs,
is all about upgrading your Korean to sound natural and polite, especially when you're talking to people older than you, your teachers, or even your boss.
This is a crucial step for A2 Korean learners looking to truly connect in Korean society. Mastering Korean honorifics isn't just about sounding smart; it's about showing thoughtfulness and understanding of Korean culture, which values hierarchy and respect deeply.
We'll dive deep into essential rules that elevate your everyday communication. You know 이/가 and 에게/한테? Well, we’ll learn their special VIP versions: 께서 and 께.
Imagine chatting with your Korean grandmother or a respected senior—using these particles correctly will instantly show your politeness. We'll also tackle three crucial VIP verbs: 계시다 (for to be), 드시다 or 잡수시다 (for to eat), and 주무시다 (for to sleep). Instead of just saying 먹다 for your professor, you’ll master 드시다, making you sound incredibly respectful and fluent.
By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand *why* honorifics are vital; you'll be able to confidently use them in everyday situations, making great impressions and navigating social interactions with ease. Get ready to elevate your polite Korean to the next level!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter focuses on
Speaking with Respect: Honorifics for VIPs
by introducing special particles and verbs used when referring to or speaking about people deserving of high respect. This is a key part of Korean grammar A2 proficiency.
First, let's look at the particles:
The VIP Subject Particle: 께서 (kkyeseo)
This particle replaces the standard subject particles 이/가 when the subject of the sentence is someone you need to show respect to. It marks a respected person as the one performing the action.
Example

할머니께서 책을 읽으세요. (Grandma is reading a book.)

(Instead of: 할머니가 책을 읽어요.)
Korean 'To' for VIPs: The Honorific Particle 께 (kke)
This particle replaces 에게 or 한테 when the recipient of an action is someone you need to show respect to. It indicates that the action is directed *to* a respected person.
Example

선생님께 질문을 드렸어요. (I asked a question to the teacher.)

(Instead of: 선생님한테 질문을 했어요.)
Next, we have the VIP verbs, which are essential for showing respect in polite Korean:
Honorific 'To Be' (계시다): This verb replaces 있다 (to be, to exist) when referring to the existence or presence of a respected person.
Example

아버지는 지금 사무실에 계세요. (Father is currently in the office.)

Honorific Eating: 드시다 & 잡수시다: These verbs replace 먹다 (to eat) and 마시다 (to drink) when referring to a respected person's act of eating or drinking. 잡수시다 is generally considered slightly more formal or traditional than 드시다.
Example

사장님께서 아침 식사를 드셨어요. (The boss ate breakfast.)

Example

할아버지께서 약을 잡수세요. (Grandfather is taking medicine.)

Special Honorific Verb: To Sleep (주무시다): This verb replaces 자다 (to sleep) when referring to a respected person's act of sleeping.
Example

어머니께서 방에서 주무세요. (Mother is sleeping in the room.)

These VIP verbs – 계시다, 주무시다, 드시다 (and 잡수시다) – are fundamental to showing proper respect in Korean. Using them correctly instantly elevates your Korean grammar and cultural understanding.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 선생님이 오셨어요.
✓ Correct: 선생님께서 오셨어요.
*Explanation:* When referring to a respected person like a teacher (선생님) as the subject, you must use the honorific subject particle 께서 instead of the basic 이/가.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 할머니한테 편지를 보냈어요.
✓ Correct: 할머니께 편지를 보냈어요.
*Explanation:* When the recipient of an action is a respected person like a grandmother (할머니), the honorific particle 께 should be used instead of 에게 or 한테.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 아버지가 밥을 먹어요.
✓ Correct: 아버지께서 밥을 드세요. (or 아버지께서 식사를 잡수세요.)
*Explanation:* For a respected person like a father (아버지), you should use the honorific subject particle 께서 and the honorific verb 드시다 (or 잡수시다) instead of 이/가 and 먹다.

Real Conversations

A

A

할머니, 저 왔어요! 어머니께서는 집에 계세요? (Grandma, I'm here! Is Mom at home?)
B

B

아니, 어머니께서는 아직 안 계셔. 점심은 드셨니? (No, Mom isn't here yet. Did you eat lunch?)
A

A

사장님, 이 서류를 사장님께 제출해도 될까요? (Boss, may I submit these documents to you?)
B

B

네, 저에게 주시면 됩니다. 김 부장님께서는 회의에 참석하셨나요? (Yes, you can give them to me. Has Manager Kim attended the meeting?)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the main difference between 께서 and 이/가 in Korean grammar?

께서 is the honorific version of the subject particles 이/가. You use 께서 when the subject of the sentence is someone you want to show respect to (e.g., elders, teachers, superiors).

Q

Can I use 드시다 and 잡수시다 interchangeably for to eat for VIPs?

Yes, generally they are interchangeable. 잡수시다 is often perceived as slightly more formal or traditional than 드시다, but both are correct honorifics for to eat or to drink.

Q

Are there other common honorific verbs in Korean besides 계시다, 드시다, 주무시다?

Yes, there are several others! Some examples include 말씀하시다 (to speak, honorific of 말하다), 편찮으시다 (to be sick, honorific of 아프다), and 돌아가시다 (to pass away, honorific of 죽다). This chapter focuses on the most common ones for A2 level.

Cultural Context

In Korean culture, the use of honorifics like 께서, 께, and honorific verbs such as 계시다, 드시다, and 주무시다 is fundamental to demonstrating respect. It's not merely a linguistic choice but a reflection of social hierarchy, age, and relationship dynamics. Using these forms correctly shows that you acknowledge and respect the person's position or age, which is highly valued.
Failing to use them can be perceived as rude or disrespectful, even if unintentional. Therefore, mastering these Korean honorifics is essential for smooth and polite interactions in almost any social setting.

重要な例文 (8)

1

선생님께서 오십니다.

先生がいらっしゃいます。

VIP専用の主格助詞：께서 (kkyeseo)
2

할머니께서 용돈을 주셨어!

おばあちゃんがお小遣いをくれたよ！

VIP専用の主格助詞：께서 (kkyeseo)
3

저는 할머니께 선물을 드렸어요.

私はおばあちゃんにプレゼントを差し上げました。

VIP向けの韓国語「に」：尊敬の助詞「께」
4

교수님께 이메일을 보냈습니다.

教授にメールを送りました。

VIP向けの韓国語「に」：尊敬の助詞「께」
5

선생님, 지금 학교に `계세요`?

先生、今学校にいらっしゃいますか？

尊敬の「いる・いらっしゃる」(계시다)
6

할머니께서는 방에서 주무시고 `계십니다`.

おばあちゃんは部屋で寝ていらっしゃいます。

尊敬の「いる・いらっしゃる」(계시다)
7

사장님, 커피 드세요.

社長、コーヒーを召し上がってください。

尊敬語で食べる：드시다 と 잡수시다
8

할머니, 진지 잡수셨어요?

おばあちゃん、お食事召し上がりましたか？

尊敬語で食べる：드시다 と 잡수시다

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

動詞とのセット使い

«께서» を使ったら、後ろの動詞も «-(으)시-» を入れて敬語にするのが鉄則です。«선생님께서 오세요.» のようにセットで使いましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: VIP専用の主格助詞：께서 (kkyeseo)
🎯

動詞とセットで覚えよう！

«께» を使う時は、後ろに来る動詞もセットでアップグレードさせましょう。例えば「あげる」なら «드리다» を使うのが鉄則です。 «선생님께 선물을 드렸어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: VIP向けの韓国語「に」：尊敬の助詞「께」
⚠️

自分に使うのはNG！

社長や部長であっても、自分のことに «계시다» を使うとすごく傲慢に聞こえちゃいます。自分には必ず «있어요» を使いましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 尊敬の「いる・いらっしゃる」(계시다)
⚠️

自分には使わないで！

自分の行動に «드시다» を使うのは大きなマナー違反です。自分の時は «저는 먹었어요» と言いましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 尊敬語で食べる：드시다 と 잡수시다

重要な語彙 (5)

선생님 (seonsaengnim) teacher 계시다 (gyesida) to be (honorific) 드시다 (deusida) to eat (honorific) 주무시다 (jumusida) to sleep (honorific) 부모님 (bumonim) parents

Real-World Preview

utensils

Dining with a Professor

Review Summary

  • Noun + 께서
  • Noun + 께
  • 계시다
  • 드시다
  • 주무시다

よくある間違い

You must use the honorific particle 께서 when the subject is a VIP.

Wrong: 선생님이 계시다.
正解: 선생님께서 계시다.

Never use basic verbs like 먹다 for elders; always use the honorific form.

Wrong: 선생님 먹어요.
正解: 선생님 드세요.

한테 is for friends; use 께 for family elders and seniors.

Wrong: 할머니한테 드렸어요.
正解: 할머니께 드렸어요.

このチャプターのルール (6)

1

VIP専用の主格助詞：께서 (kkyeseo)

A2
目上の人（先生、上司、年配の方）が主語の時は、いつもの 이/가 の代わりに «께서» を使いましょう。
선생님께서 오십니다.
11 例文
2

VIP向けの韓国語「に」：尊敬の助詞「께」

A2
目上の人や尊敬すべき相手には、いつもの「에게/한테」の代わりに «께» を使いましょう。セットで使う動詞も «드리다» などの「尊敬語」にすると完璧です。
저는 할머니께 선물을 드렸어요.
10 例文
3

尊敬の「いる・いらっしゃる」(계시다)

A2
目上の人が「いる・いらっしゃる」と言いたいときは «계시다» を使いましょう。場所や存在を丁寧に伝える魔法の言葉です！
선생님, 지금 학교에 `계세요`?
12 例文
4

尊敬語で食べる：드시다 と 잡수시다

A2
目上の人が「食べる・飲む」時は、動詞を «드시다» にアップグレードして敬意を表しましょう！ «드시다» «잡수시다» «尊敬語»
사장님, 커피 드세요.
10 例文
5

特別な尊敬動詞：寝る (주무시다)

A2
目上の人には「자다」の代わりに「주무시다」を使いましょう。自分には「자다」を使うのが鉄則です。
할머니께서 지금 방에서 주무세요.
10 例文
6

特別な尊敬動詞：敬意を表す (계시다, 주무시다, 드시다)

A2
目上の人を敬う3つの「VIP動詞」—«계시다»、«주무시다»、«드시다»—を使いこなして、韓国語の敬語をマスターしましょう！
사장님, 여기 `계세요`?
10 例文

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job today! Keep practicing these honorifics and you'll sound like a local in no time.

Practice writing five sentences about your family using 께서 and 께.

Continue to: Talking About Time and Intent

クイック練習 (10)

先生に食事をしたか尋ねる時、どの文章が正しいですか？

正しい文章を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님, 진지 드셨어요?
「드시다」は「먹다」の尊敬語です。「진지」は「ご飯」の尊敬語です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 特別な尊敬動詞：敬意を表す (계시다, 주무시다, 드시다)

「食べる」の丁寧な尊敬語を使って、空欄を埋めてください。

선생님, 점심 맛있게 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 드세요
先生に対しては «먹다» を «드시다» に変える必要があります。«드세요» が正しい丁寧な命令形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 尊敬語で食べる：드시다 と 잡수시다

次の文章の間違いを直して、最も丁寧な表現にしてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

아버지가 지금 자요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 아버지께서 지금 주무세요.
より丁寧に言うためには、助詞を「께서」に変え、動詞を「주무세요」にするのがベストです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 特別な尊敬動詞：寝る (주무시다)

文章の中の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

사장님한테 이 서류를 전달했습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사장님께 이 서류를 전달했습니다.
相手が「사장님（社長）」なので、カジュアルな «한테» ではなく «께» を使うべきです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: VIP向けの韓国語「に」：尊敬の助詞「께」

「寝る」の正しい尊敬語を選んで空欄を埋めてください。

할머니께서 지금 안방에서 ________.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 주무세요
主語が「おばあちゃん（할머니）」なので、特別な尊敬語である「주무세요」を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 特別な尊敬動詞：寝る (주무시다)

この文章の間違いを直してください。

사장님, 사무실에 있어요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사장님, 사무실에 계세요?
社長（사장님）の所在を聞く時は、尊敬語の «계시다» を使うのがビジネスのマナーです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 尊敬の「いる・いらっしゃる」(계시다)

自分自身の行動について話す時の間違いを見つけてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

저는 지금 집에 계세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 지금 집에 있어요.
自分自身に尊敬動詞「계시다」を使ってはいけません。普通の「있다（있어요）」を使いましょう。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 特別な尊敬動詞：敬意を表す (계시다, 주무시다, 드시다)

文化的に不自然な部分を見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

할아버지, 시원한 물 잡수세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 할아버지, 시원한 물 드세요.
水などの飲み物に «잡수시다» は使えません。飲み物には «드시다» を使いましょう。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 尊敬語で食べる：드시다 と 잡수시다

主語に適切な助詞を選んでください。

___ (おじいちゃん) が寝ています。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 할아버지께서
文法的に '가' も可能ですが、おじいちゃんには尊敬の '께서' を使うのが最も適切です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: VIP専用の主格助詞：께서 (kkyeseo)

先生にプレゼントを渡したことを伝える時、最も適切な文章はどれですか？

最も自然で丁寧な文章を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님께 선물을 드렸어요.
「선생님」は尊敬すべき相手なので、助詞は «께»、動詞は «드리다» を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: VIP向けの韓国語「に」：尊敬の助詞「께」

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

間違いではありませんが、少し教養がない、あるいは失礼に聞こえることがあります。«사장님께서» と言う方が安心ですよ。
普通は使いません。兄弟なら «언니가» に敬語の動詞を合わせるくらいが自然です。«께서» は少し堅苦しすぎます。
「께」はVIP（上司や祖父母）用、「에게」は作文などの書き言葉用、「한테」は友達との話し言葉用と覚えましょう。例えば «친구한테» と «선생님께» の違いですね。
いいえ、変わりません！そのまま名詞の後ろにつけるだけなので簡単です。 «선생님께» も «할머니께» も同じ形ですよ。
はい、とても丁寧に話したい時や、親の前でお兄さんを立てる時に使えます。でも、仲が良い兄弟なら普通の «있어요» や «있어» で十分ですよ。
「계세요」は人がそこにいること、「있으세요」は人が何かを持っている（または体の一部など）ことに使います。 «선생님 계세요?» は「先生いますか？」、 «선생님 차 있으세요?» は「先生、車ありますか？」となります。
前のチャプター
Mastering Negation and Prohibitions
次のチャプター
Talking About Time and Intent
ロードマップに戻る