Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the flow of time by connecting your past actions, future plans, and thoughtful intentions.
- Conjugate verbs into the past tense using 았/었/였.
- Express future plans and predictions with (으)ㄹ 거예요.
- Convey personal intent and polite guesses using 겠.
学べること
Hey there, language explorer! Ready to seriously level up your Korean conversational skills? You've already got the basics down, now let's add some serious depth to your storytelling! In this exciting chapter, we're diving deep into expressing time and intent, covering crucial verb endings that'll let you talk about literally anything – past, present, and future! First up, you'll master the 았/었/였 endings. These are your secret weapon for talking about *what you did* or *what happened*. Ever wanted to tell your friend about that delicious meal you *ate* yesterday, or that cool movie you *watched* last week? This is how you do it! You'll learn to perfectly match these endings to verb stems, making your past tense sound totally natural. Then, we zoom into the future with (으)ㄹ 거예요. This versatile ending is perfect for sharing your general plans and making predictions. Whether you're telling someone 'I *will go* to the market tomorrow' or 'I *think* it *will rain* later,' you'll confidently express your future. It's all about how it attaches to the verb stem based on its final consonant! And for the grand finale, we introduce 겠 (get)! This powerful ending has two awesome uses. First, it's for when you want to show *strong personal intent* – like saying 'I *will definitely* do it!' with conviction. Second, it's fantastic for making *polite, empathetic guesses*. Imagine seeing your friend looking tired and saying 'You *must be* tired, right?' This makes your Korean sound thoughtful and engaged. See how it all connects? From recounting yesterday's adventures to mapping out tomorrow's plans and even subtly understanding others, these rules build on each other. By the end of this chapter, you won't just be forming sentences; you'll be telling stories, making plans, and connecting more deeply in Korean. You'll be able to say what you *did*, what you *will do*, and even make smart guesses about what *might be*. Ready to master time and intent? Let's go!
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韓国語で過去のことを話す：았/었/였のルール動詞の語幹の母音に合わせて «았»、 «었»、 «했» を使い分けるのが、過去形マスターへの近道です！
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未来形：〜するつもり・〜でしょう ((으)ㄹ 거예요)未来の予定や「〜するつもり」を伝えたいなら «(으)ㄹ 거예요» を使いましょう。語幹の最後にパッチムがあるかで «ㄹ 거예요» か «을 거예요» を選ぶのがポイントです。
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未来の意志と推量 (겠)自分の「やるぞ！」という強い意志や、相手への「〜でしょうね」という「思いやり」を伝える魔法のパーツです。«겠» を使って、もっと自然で丁寧な韓国語を目指しましょう！
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韓国語の意志と推測：未来形 (`겠`)自分の固い「意志」を宣言する時や、相手の状況を思いやって「推量」する時に «겠» を使いましょう。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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By the end you will be able to: Recount a past event clearly using the correct past tense suffix.
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By the end you will be able to: Describe your upcoming schedule and make predictions for the week.
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By the end you will be able to: Use '겠' to politely express your firm intentions or empathetic guesses.
チャプターガイド
Overview
았/었/였, explore the versatile Korean future tense (으)ㄹ 거예요, and uncover the nuances of Korean intent and polite guessing using 겠. These elements are fundamental for natural, engaging conversations, allowing you to move beyond basic greetings and truly connect. Get ready to transform your ability to communicate in Korean!How This Grammar Works
았, 었, or 였 depends on the last vowel of the stem. If the last vowel is ㅏ or ㅗ, you use 았어요 (e.g., 가다 -> 갔어요 (I went)). If the last vowel is anything else, you use 었어요 (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹었어요 (I ate)).하다, it always changes to 했어요 (e.g., 공부하다 -> 공부했어요 (I studied)).을 거예요 (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹을 거예요 (I will eat)). If it ends in a vowel, you add ㄹ 거예요 (e.g., 가다 -> 갈 거예요 (I will go)). This is your go-to for saying I am going to...or
I will... in everyday situations.겠). This versatile ending has two main uses. For first-person subjects, 겠 expresses strong personal intent or determination (e.g., 제가 하겠습니다!(으)ㄹ 거예요. For second or third-person subjects, 겠 is used to make a polite, empathetic guess or assumption (e.g., 피곤하시겠어요 (You must be tired)).
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 어제 밥을 먹았다요.
았/었/였 ending already incorporates the past tense. Adding 다요 (a declarative ending) after it is grammatically incorrect in polite speech. Always use the conjugated polite form 았/었/였어요.- 1✗ Wrong: 저는 내일 공부할 거예요. (when expressing strong personal resolve)
(으)ㄹ 거예요 is correct for general future plans, 겠 is preferred when the speaker wants to emphasize their strong will or determination, especially in more formal or resolute contexts. (으)ㄹ 거예요 is more neutral.- 1✗ Wrong: 친구가 오겠어요. (when simply stating a future event)
겠 is generally not used for simple, objective future predictions about others without an element of guessing or empathy. For basic future statements about third parties, (으)ㄹ 거예요 is the natural choice. 친구가 오겠어요 would imply My friend must be comingor
My friend might be comingbased on a guess.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
What is the primary difference between (으)ㄹ 거예요 and 겠 when talking about the future in Korean?
(으)ㄹ 거예요 expresses a general plan or a neutral prediction, while 겠 conveys the speaker's strong will/intent (for first-person) or a polite, empathetic guess/assumption (for second/third-person).
Can 겠 be used in questions?
Yes, 겠어요? is often used to politely ask about someone's intention or to offer help, like «뭐 드시겠어요?» (What would you like to eat/drink?) or to make a polite suggestion.
How do irregular verbs like 듣다 (to listen) or 돕다 (to help) conjugate with 았/었/였?
Irregular verbs follow specific rules. For 듣다, the ㄷ changes to ㄹ before a vowel ending, so it becomes 들었어요. For 돕다, the ㅂ changes to ㅜ before a vowel ending, so it becomes 도왔어요.
Cultural Context
(으)ㄹ 거예요 and 겠 often reflects subtle social dynamics. Using 겠 to express strong intent can sound more formal or resolute, sometimes used in professional settings or when making a firm commitment. For empathetic guesses like 피곤하시겠어요, it shows consideration for the other person's state, fostering a sense of connection.았/었/였어요 is universally used, but remember that the level of formality (e.g., 했어요 vs. 했습니다) will also influence the overall tone of your communication.重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
母音の合体ショートカット
発音のちょっとしたコツ
独り言の「겠다」
気分は名探偵！
重要な語彙 (6)
Real-World Preview
Planning the Weekend
Review Summary
- Stem + 았/었/였어요
- Stem + (으)ㄹ 거예요
- Stem + 겠어요
- Stem + 겠어요
よくある間違い
You don't need to double the politeness marker. Just use the past tense suffix once.
겠 is usually for the speaker's intent or guessing; for neutral future facts, use (으)ㄹ 거예요.
There must be a space between the verb ending and the word 거예요.
このチャプターのルール (4)
Next Steps
You have done an amazing job navigating the timeline of Korean! Keep practicing these endings in your daily speech.
Write a 3-sentence diary entry using past and future forms.
クイック練習 (10)
Find and fix the mistake:
제 친구가 한국에 가겠습니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来の意志と推量 (겠)
저는 내일부터 운동을 ___. (하다)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の意志と推測：未来形 (`겠`)
저는 학교에 ____.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語で過去のことを話す：았/었/였のルール
「勉強しました」を韓国語で言うと？
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語で過去のことを話す：았/었/였のルール
친구가 선물을 받아서 정말 ___.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の意志と推測：未来形 (`겠`)
내일 학교에 ___ (가다 - 行く).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来形：〜するつもり・〜でしょう ((으)ㄹ 거예요)
제가 도와 ___.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来の意志と推量 (겠)
I will go first.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の意志と推測：未来形 (`겠`)
Find and fix the mistake:
저는 서울에서 살을 거예요. (私はソウルに住むつもりです。)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来形：〜するつもり・〜でしょう ((으)ㄹ 거예요)
正しい未来形の文章を選んでください：
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来形：〜するつもり・〜でしょう ((으)ㄹ 거예요)
Score: /10
