Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of expressing results and outcomes with precision using Chinese result complements.
- Attach specific result words to verbs to show completion.
- Distinguish between finishing a task and doing it well.
- Describe successful sensory experiences like seeing and hearing.
学べること
Hey there, ready for another exciting step in your Chinese journey? In this chapter, we're going to unlock a super useful secret: how to clearly tell someone the *outcome* of an action. Did you finish that task? Did you find what you were looking for? Did you truly understand what was said?
You know how in English we might just add finished or understood to our sentences? In Chinese, there's a really cool, precise way to do this using result complements. These are little power-up words that attach right after your verb to show exactly what happened. You'll learn how to use '完 (wán)' to definitively say something is 100% *finished*, or '好 (hǎo)' to express that an action is *satisfactorily completed* and everything's ready to go. Want to show you *succeeded* in reaching a specific goal? '到 (dào)' is your go-to. And for those moments when you truly *saw* or *heard* something, and crucially, *understood* it, '见 (jiàn)' and '懂 (dǒng)' will become your best friends.
Imagine telling a friend you've *finished* your homework, or that you've *found* your misplaced keys, or that you *understood* the instructions perfectly. These complements are essential for clear communication. They might seem a bit different at first, but trust us, once you get the hang of attaching them to your verbs, your Chinese will become incredibly precise and natural. By the end of this chapter, you won't just be doing things; you'll be able to vividly describe the *results* of your actions. Get ready to level up your Chinese and communicate with confidence!
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結果補語:「わかる」を表す`懂` (dǒng) の使い方「懂」は、見る・聞くなどの動作のあとに「理解できた!」という結果をプラスする魔法の言葉です。«听懂»(聞いてわかる)や «看懂»(見てわかる)のようにセットで使いましょう。
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結果補語:動作の結果を表す(動詞+結果)動詞のすぐ後ろに「結果」をピタッとくっつけるのがコツ!「動詞 + 結果 + 目的語」のセットで覚えよう。 «完» «到» «見»
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「見えた」「聞こえた」の結果:補語 见 (jiàn)五感で何かを「キャッチした!」という結果を伝える魔法の言葉です。«看见»、«听见»、«闻见» の3つをセットで覚えましょう。
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準備完了!結果補語の「好 (hǎo)」の使い方動詞のあとに «好» をつけるだけで、「満足いく形で終わった!」「準備万端!」というニュアンスになります。 «准备好» や «做好» が魔法のキーワードです。
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「終わった」を表す結果補語:動詞 + 完 (wán)動詞のすぐ後ろに «完» をピタッとくっつけるだけで、そのアクションが100%終わったことを伝えられるよ。 «完» «完了» «し終わった»
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結果補語:やり遂げるための表現 (V + 完/好/到)動詞のあとに「結果」を表す言葉をピタッとくっつけるだけ!「完」は終わり、「好」は準備完了、「到」は目標達成を表す «魔法のパーツ» です。
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成功のマーカー:結果を表す 到 (dào) の使い方動詞のあとに «到» をプラスするだけで、アクションが「成功した」ことを伝えられます! «看到» «找到» «買到» などが定番です。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Use 完 (wán) to state that a task is 100% finished.
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By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between 完 (wán) and 好 (hǎo) when describing completed actions.
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3
By the end you will be able to: Describe successful perception using 见 (jiàn) and 懂 (dǒng).
チャプターガイド
Overview
did something; now you'll learn how to say you finished doing it, or successfully found it, or even understood it completely! This concept, known as result complements, is a cornerstone of clear communication in Chinese and will significantly boost your fluency at the CEFR A1 level and beyond.Did you eat? you can ask Did you finish eating?– a subtle but important difference in Chinese. We'll explore specific result complements like 完 (wán) for completion, 好 (hǎo) for satisfactory completion, 到 (dào) for achieving a goal, 见 (jiàn) for perceiving, and 懂 (dǒng) for understanding.
How This Grammar Works
finished or completed. When you use Verb + 完 (wán), it signifies that the action has been brought to a definitive end. For example, 吃饭 (chīfàn) means to eat, but 吃完 (chī wán) means to finish eating.good or ready. When used as a result complement, Verb + 好 (hǎo) indicates that an action is satisfactorily completed and ready for the next step.to reach, to arrive, or to succeed in.to see or to hear something specific.to understand. When you Verb + 懂 (dǒng), it means you've grasped the meaning or concept.Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 我写功课。(Wǒ xiě gōngkè.)
I write homework, it doesn't specify if the action is finished. To clearly state that you've *finished* writing your homework, you need the result complement 完 (wán). The «了 (le)» particle often accompanies completed actions.- 1✗ Wrong: 饭做完了。(Fàn zuò wán le.)
finished, 好 (hǎo) is more appropriate here. 做完 (zuò wán) means simply finished cooking, but 做好 (zuò hǎo) implies cooked well and ready to eat,which is usually the intended meaning when talking about preparing food.
- 1✗ Wrong: 我听。(Wǒ tīng.)
I listen or I am listening. If you want to convey that you *understood* what was heard, you must use the result complement 懂 (dǒng). This is a common point of confusion for A1 Chinese learners.Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
What's the main difference between 完 (wán) and 好 (hǎo) as result complements?
完 (wán) simply means an action is completed. 好 (hǎo) implies it's completed *satisfactorily* or *ready* for its intended purpose.
Can I use 到 (dào) with any verb to mean succeed?
Not with *any* verb. 到 (dào) often pairs with verbs like 找 (zhǎo - to look for), 听 (tīng - to listen), 看 (kàn - to look), to show success in perceiving or locating something.
Are result complements used only in positive sentences?
No, they can be used in negative sentences too! For example, 没吃完 (méi chī wán - didn't finish eating) or 没听懂 (méi tīng dǒng - didn't understand).
How important are result complements for A1 Chinese learners?
Extremely important! They add precision and naturalness to your speech. Mastering them early will significantly improve your ability to communicate clearly and effectively in Chinese.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (4)
ヒントとコツ (4)
「聞こえる」と「わかる」を使い分けよう
超強力な接着剤のイメージ
脳への接続ケーブル
「準備OK」の合図
重要な語彙 (7)
Real-World Preview
Checking Homework
Finding a Friend
Review Summary
- Verb + Complement + (了)
- Verb + 完 (wán)
- Verb + 好 (hǎo)
- Verb + 到 (dào)
- 看/听 + 见 (jiàn)
- 看/听 + 懂 (dǒng)
よくある間違い
While 'Verb + 完 + 了 + Object' is possible, for simple sentences, putting 了 at the end of the sentence is more natural to show a new state.
找 (zhǎo) only means 'to look for'. To say you actually 'found' it, you MUST add the complement 到 (dào).
To negate a result that didn't happen in the past, use 没 (méi) before the verb and keep the complement.
このチャプターのルール (7)
Next Steps
You've just unlocked one of the most powerful features of Chinese grammar! Being able to express results will make your Chinese sound much more sophisticated and clear. Keep practicing these 'power-up' words!
Label your daily chores with 完 or 好.
Describe three things you saw or heard today using 见.
クイック練習 (9)
正しい文章を選んでください:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 成功のマーカー:結果を表す 到 (dào) の使い方
正しい翻訳を選んでください:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:やり遂げるための表現 (V + 完/好/到)
{我|wǒ}{没|méi}{做|zuò}{完|wán}{了|le}{作业|zuòyè}。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:やり遂げるための表現 (V + 完/好/到)
文法的に正しいものを選んでね:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:動作の結果を表す(動詞+結果)
{我|wǒ} ___ {你|nǐ} {の|de} {声音|shēngyīn} {了|le}。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 成功のマーカー:結果を表す 到 (dào) の使い方
{我|wǒ}{看|kàn}___ {电|diàn}{影|yǐng}{了|le}。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:やり遂げるための表現 (V + 完/好/到)
Find and fix the mistake:
{我|wǒ} {看|kàn} {了|le} {到|dào} {他|tā}。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 成功のマーカー:結果を表す 到 (dào) の使い方
Find and fix the mistake:
我没看见了你的猫。(Wǒ méi kànjiàn le nǐ de māo.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:動作の結果を表す(動詞+結果)
我 ___ 那个苹果了。(Wǒ ___ nàge píngguǒ le.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:動作の結果を表す(動詞+結果)
Score: /9