A1 · 初級 チャプター 2

Did You Finish? Expressing Results

7 トータルルール
72 例文
6

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing results and outcomes with precision using Chinese result complements.

  • Attach specific result words to verbs to show completion.
  • Distinguish between finishing a task and doing it well.
  • Describe successful sensory experiences like seeing and hearing.
Don't just do it—finish it with style!

学べること

Hey there, ready for another exciting step in your Chinese journey? In this chapter, we're going to unlock a super useful secret: how to clearly tell someone the *outcome* of an action. Did you finish that task? Did you find what you were looking for? Did you truly understand what was said? You know how in English we might just add finished or understood to our sentences? In Chinese, there's a really cool, precise way to do this using result complements. These are little power-up words that attach right after your verb to show exactly what happened. You'll learn how to use '完 (wán)' to definitively say something is 100% *finished*, or '好 (hǎo)' to express that an action is *satisfactorily completed* and everything's ready to go. Want to show you *succeeded* in reaching a specific goal? '到 (dào)' is your go-to. And for those moments when you truly *saw* or *heard* something, and crucially, *understood* it, '见 (jiàn)' and '懂 (dǒng)' will become your best friends. Imagine telling a friend you've *finished* your homework, or that you've *found* your misplaced keys, or that you *understood* the instructions perfectly. These complements are essential for clear communication. They might seem a bit different at first, but trust us, once you get the hang of attaching them to your verbs, your Chinese will become incredibly precise and natural. By the end of this chapter, you won't just be doing things; you'll be able to vividly describe the *results* of your actions. Get ready to level up your Chinese and communicate with confidence!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 完 (wán) to state that a task is 100% finished.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between 完 (wán) and 好 (hǎo) when describing completed actions.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Describe successful perception using 见 (jiàn) and 懂 (dǒng).

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language explorer! Welcome to an essential step in your Chinese grammar A1 journey. In this chapter, we're diving deep into one of the coolest and most practical aspects of the language: how to clearly express the *results* of actions.
Forget just saying you did something; now you'll learn how to say you finished doing it, or successfully found it, or even understood it completely! This concept, known as result complements, is a cornerstone of clear communication in Chinese and will significantly boost your fluency at the CEFR A1 level and beyond.
Mastering result complements will empower you to describe outcomes with precision, making your conversations much more natural and effective. Instead of asking Did you eat? you can ask
Did you finish eating?
– a subtle but important difference in Chinese. We'll explore specific result complements like 完 (wán) for completion, 好 (hǎo) for satisfactory completion, 到 (dào) for achieving a goal, 见 (jiàn) for perceiving, and 懂 (dǒng) for understanding.
These little words pack a big punch, attaching right after your verb to paint a vivid picture of the action's outcome.
This guide will equip you with the tools to confidently express whether an action was completed, done well, successfully achieved, perceived, or understood. By the end, you'll feel much more capable of sharing your experiences and understanding others, taking your A1 Chinese skills to the next level. Let's unlock the power of results!

How This Grammar Works

In Chinese, when you want to show the outcome or result of an action, you often use a structure called a result complement. This is a word that immediately follows the main verb to indicate the state or consequence of that action. It's like a power-up for your verb!
One of the most common result complements is 完 (wán), meaning finished or completed. When you use Verb + 完 (wán), it signifies that the action has been brought to a definitive end. For example, 吃饭 (chīfàn) means to eat, but 吃完 (chī wán) means to finish eating.
* 我吃完饭了。(Wǒ chī wán fàn le.) (I finished eating.)
Another useful complement is 好 (hǎo), which means good or ready. When used as a result complement, Verb + 好 (hǎo) indicates that an action is satisfactorily completed and ready for the next step.
* 饭做好 了。(Fàn zuò hǎo le.) (The meal is cooked and ready.)
To express that you've succeeded in reaching a specific goal or finding something, you'll use 到 (dào). This result complement often translates to to reach, to arrive, or to succeed in.
* 我找到我的手机了。(Wǒ zhǎo dào wǒ de shǒujī le.) (I found my phone.)
For sensory perception, we use 见 (jiàn). When you Verb + 见 (jiàn), it means you have clearly perceived something, often to see or to hear something specific.
* 我看见他了。(Wǒ kàn jiàn tā le.) (I saw him.)
Finally, for true comprehension, we have 懂 (dǒng). The result complement 懂 (dǒng) means to understand. When you Verb + 懂 (dǒng), it means you've grasped the meaning or concept.
* 我听懂了。(Wǒ tīng dǒng le.) (I understood what was heard.)
These patterns are crucial for expressing clear outcomes in your A1 Chinese conversations.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: 我写功课。(Wǒ xiě gōngkè.)
Correct: 我写完功课了。(Wǒ xiě wán gōngkè le.)
*Explanation:* While «我写功课» means I write homework, it doesn't specify if the action is finished. To clearly state that you've *finished* writing your homework, you need the result complement 完 (wán). The «了 (le)» particle often accompanies completed actions.
  1. 1Wrong: 饭做完了。(Fàn zuò wán le.)
Correct: 饭做好了。(Fàn zuò hǎo le.)
*Explanation:* While 完 (wán) means finished, 好 (hǎo) is more appropriate here. 做完 (zuò wán) means simply finished cooking, but 做好 (zuò hǎo) implies
cooked well and ready to eat,
which is usually the intended meaning when talking about preparing food.
  1. 1Wrong: 我听。(Wǒ tīng.)
Correct: 我听懂了。(Wǒ tīng dǒng le.)
*Explanation:* «我听» means I listen or I am listening. If you want to convey that you *understood* what was heard, you must use the result complement 懂 (dǒng). This is a common point of confusion for A1 Chinese learners.

Real Conversations

A

A

你找到你的钥匙了吗?(Nǐ zhǎo dào nǐ de yàoshi le ma?) (Did you find your keys?)
B

B

是的,我找到了!(Shì de, wǒ zhǎo dào le!) (Yes, I found them!)
A

A

你的作业写完了吗?(Nǐ de zuòyè xiě wán le ma?) (Have you finished your homework?)
B

B

还没,我还没写完。(Hái méi, wǒ hái méi xiě wán.) (Not yet, I haven't finished writing it.)
A

A

你看懂这个电影了吗?(Nǐ kàn dǒng zhège diànyǐng le ma?) (Did you understand this movie?)
B

B

我看懂了,很有趣!(Wǒ kàn dǒng le, hěn yǒuqù!) (I understood it, it was very interesting!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between 完 (wán) and 好 (hǎo) as result complements?

完 (wán) simply means an action is completed. 好 (hǎo) implies it's completed *satisfactorily* or *ready* for its intended purpose.

Q

Can I use 到 (dào) with any verb to mean succeed?

Not with *any* verb. 到 (dào) often pairs with verbs like 找 (zhǎo - to look for), 听 (tīng - to listen), 看 (kàn - to look), to show success in perceiving or locating something.

Q

Are result complements used only in positive sentences?

No, they can be used in negative sentences too! For example, 没吃完 (méi chī wán - didn't finish eating) or 没听懂 (méi tīng dǒng - didn't understand).

Q

How important are result complements for A1 Chinese learners?

Extremely important! They add precision and naturalness to your speech. Mastering them early will significantly improve your ability to communicate clearly and effectively in Chinese.

Cultural Context

In Chinese communication, clarity about outcomes is highly valued. Using result complements isn't just about grammatical correctness; it reflects a cultural preference for directness regarding the status of tasks or understanding. Unlike English, where context might imply completion, Chinese often explicitly states it.
This precision helps avoid ambiguity and ensures everyone is on the same page, whether discussing daily chores or complex ideas. Mastering these patterns allows you to sound more natural and integrate better into typical conversational flows.

重要な例文 (4)

1

我没看完这个电影。

この映画を最後まで見終わりませんでした。

結果補語:やり遂げるための表現 (V + 完/好/到)
2

听懂老师的话了吗?

先生の言ったことが理解できましたか?

結果補語:やり遂げるための表現 (V + 完/好/到)
3

我看到了那个有名の网红。

あの有名なインフルエンサーを見かけたよ。

成功のマーカー:結果を表す 到 (dào) の使い方
4

你听到我说话了吗?

私の声、聞こえてる?

成功のマーカー:結果を表す 到 (dào) の使い方

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

「聞こえる」と「わかる」を使い分けよう

「音は聞こえたけど、意味はわからなかった」と言えると一気にネイティブっぽくなります。«我听到了,但没听懂» と言ってみましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:「わかる」を表す`懂` (dǒng) の使い方
💡

超強力な接着剤のイメージ

動詞と結果補語は、強力なボンドでくっついていると思って!間に「目的語」を入れちゃうと、意味が通じなくなるよ。 «我看完了那本书。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:動作の結果を表す(動詞+結果)
💡

脳への接続ケーブル

「见」は、外の世界とあなたの脳をつなぐHDMIケーブルのようなものです。つながれば「見えた!」となります。«我看见你了。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「見えた」「聞こえた」の結果:補語 见 (jiàn)
💡

「準備OK」の合図

英語の 'ready' に置き換えられる場面なら、ほとんどの場合 «好» を使えば正解です! «准备好了。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 準備完了!結果補語の「好 (hǎo)」の使い方

重要な語彙 (7)

做(zuò) to do / to make 完(wán) finished / ended 好(hǎo) done well / ready 找(zhǎo) to look for 看(kàn) to look / to watch / to read 听(tīng) to listen 懂(dǒng) to understand

Real-World Preview

pencil

Checking Homework

users

Finding a Friend

Review Summary

  • Verb + Complement + (了)
  • Verb + 完 (wán)
  • Verb + 好 (hǎo)
  • Verb + 到 (dào)
  • 看/听 + 见 (jiàn)
  • 看/听 + 懂 (dǒng)

よくある間違い

While 'Verb + 完 + 了 + Object' is possible, for simple sentences, putting 了 at the end of the sentence is more natural to show a new state.

Wrong: 我吃完了苹果 (wǒ chī wán le píng guǒ) - *incorrect placement of 了 in some contexts*
正解: 我吃完苹果了 (wǒ chī wán píng guǒ le)

找 (zhǎo) only means 'to look for'. To say you actually 'found' it, you MUST add the complement 到 (dào).

Wrong: 我找我的书了 (wǒ zhǎo wǒ de shū le)
正解: 我找到我的书了 (wǒ zhǎo dào wǒ de shū le)

To negate a result that didn't happen in the past, use 没 (méi) before the verb and keep the complement.

Wrong: 我听了,但是我不懂 (wǒ tīng le, dàn shì wǒ bù dǒng)
正解: 我听了,但是没听懂 (wǒ tīng le, dàn shì méi tīng dǒng)

このチャプターのルール (7)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked one of the most powerful features of Chinese grammar! Being able to express results will make your Chinese sound much more sophisticated and clear. Keep practicing these 'power-up' words!

Label your daily chores with 完 or 好.

Describe three things you saw or heard today using 见.

クイック練習 (9)

「鍵が見つかりませんでした」と正しく言っているのはどれ?

正しい文章を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ} {没|méi} {找到|zhǎodào} {我的|wǒde} {钥匙|yàoshi}。
「見つける」という結果には「到」が必要で、過去の否定には「没」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 成功のマーカー:結果を表す 到 (dào) の使い方

「あなたの言ったことが聞こえませんでした」という意味の文はどれ?

正しい翻訳を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ}{没|méi}{听|tīng}{见|jiàn}{你|nǐ}{说|shuō}{的话|dehuà}。
知覚(聞こえる)の結果を表すには「听见」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:やり遂げるための表現 (V + 完/好/到)

否定文の形を正しく直してください。

{我|wǒ}{没|méi}{做|zuò}{完|wán}{了|le}{作业|zuòyè}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ}{没|méi}{做|zuò}{完|wán}{作业|zuòyè}。
「没」を使って結果を否定する場合、文末の「了」は削除しなければなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:やり遂げるための表現 (V + 完/好/到)

正しい語順の文はどれかな?

文法的に正しいものを選んでね:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他买到票了 (Tā mǎidào piào le)
「動詞 (买) + 結果 (到) + 目的語 (票)」の順番が正解!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:動作の結果を表す(動詞+結果)

「あなたの声が聞こえました」と言うために、空欄を埋めてください。

{我|wǒ} ___ {你|nǐ} {の|de} {声音|shēngyīn} {了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {听到|tīngdào}
{听到|tīngdào}は「聞こえた」という結果を表します。{听话|tīnghuà}は「言うことを聞く(お利口な)」という意味です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 成功のマーカー:結果を表す 到 (dào) の使い方

映画を見終わったことを表す言葉を選んでください。

{我|wǒ}{看|kàn}___ {电|diàn}{影|yǐng}{了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
「完」という補語は、動作が最後まで終わったことを示します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:やり遂げるための表現 (V + 完/好/到)

語順を直して「彼を見かけました」という文にしてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

{我|wǒ} {看|kàn} {了|le} {到|dào} {他|tā}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ} {看到|kàndào} {了|le} {他|tā}。
結果補語の「到」は動詞のすぐ後ろに置きます。「了」はその後に続きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 成功のマーカー:結果を表す 到 (dào) の使い方

この文の間違いを見つけてね。

Find and fix the mistake:

我没看见了你的猫。(Wǒ méi kànjiàn le nǐ de māo.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 「了」を消す
「没」を使って否定するときは、完了の「了」は一緒に使わないルールだよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:動作の結果を表す(動詞+結果)

「リンゴを食べ終わりました」という意味になるように選んでね。

我 ___ 那个苹果了。(Wǒ ___ nàge píngguǒ le.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 吃完 (chīwán)
動作(吃)が先、結果(完)が後だよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果補語:動作の結果を表す(動詞+結果)

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

動詞の後ろにくっついて、その動作の結果どうなったかを表す言葉です。例えば «洗»(洗う)に «干净»(きれい)をつけると «洗干净»(きれいに洗う)になります。
はい、結果補語として使う時は「見て、または聞いて理解した」という結果を報告する役割をします。«看懂» なら「見て理解した」となります。
看は「見る」という動作、看见は「見える」という結果だよ。見ていても見つからないこともあるからね。 «我看见他了。»
全部じゃないけど、よく使うものは決まっているよ!「きれい(干净)」や「はっきり(清楚)」などが定番。 «洗干净。»
いいえ、「说见」とは言いません。「见」は受け取る感覚用です。話す場合は「说完(話し終わる)」などを使います。«我说完了。»
「了」があると「見えた!」という完了のニュアンスが強まります。日常会話では「了」を付けるのが普通です。«我看见他了。»