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A2 noun #3,500 よく出る 10分で読める

饭菜

fancai 上位3,500

練習する例文メモとヒント饭菜 30秒で

解説饭菜 in your Level:

At the A1 level, think of 饭菜 (fàncài) as 'the food on the table.' It is made of two words you already know: 饭 (fàn - rice/meal) and 菜 (cài - vegetable/dish). When you put them together, they mean a whole meal. You use this word to tell people if you like the food or if you are ready to eat. For example, '饭菜很好吃' (The food is very tasty). It's a very simple and useful word for basic conversations about eating at home or in a restaurant. You will mostly use it with the verb '吃' (chī - to eat) or '做' (zuò - to make). Remember, it's not just one dish; it's the whole spread of food for your breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

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At the A2 level, you should start using 饭菜 (fàncài) to describe meals more specifically. It is a collective noun for prepared food. You can use measure words like 顿 (dùn) to talk about a specific meal (e.g., 这顿饭菜). You should also learn common adjectives that go with it, such as 丰盛 (fēngshèng - sumptuous) or 简单 (jiǎndān - simple). At this level, you can distinguish between '饭菜' (the meal) and '食物' (food in general). You will hear this word often when someone invites you to dinner: '来尝尝我做的饭菜' (Come taste the food I made). It is the standard word for 'the meal' in everyday Chinese life.

For B1 learners, 饭菜 (fàncài) becomes part of more complex sentence structures. You might use it to discuss habits, such as '家里的饭菜比饭店的更健康' (Home-cooked food is healthier than restaurant food). You should also be aware of its cultural weight—how offering '饭菜' is a sign of hospitality. You can use it in passive sentences or with resultative complements, like '饭菜都凉了' (The food has all gone cold). At this level, you should also understand how '饭菜' fits into the broader vocabulary of dining, contrasting it with more specific terms like '特色菜' (specialty dish) or '主食' (staple food). It is also used when discussing social issues, like the quality of '学校饭菜' (school meals).

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At the B2 level, you can use 饭菜 (fàncài) to discuss nuances in culinary culture and social expectations. You understand that in a formal Chinese dinner, the '饭菜' is served in a specific order and that the term encompasses the balance of 'yin and yang' or different flavors (sweet, sour, bitter, spicy, salty). You might use it in more formal writing to describe the hospitality of a host: '主人准备了极其丰盛的饭菜来款待我们' (The host prepared an extremely sumptuous meal to entertain us). You can also use it metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions related to domestic life and the 'smell of fire and smoke' (烟火气), which represents the warmth of a home where '饭菜' is regularly cooked.

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At the C1 level, your use of 饭菜 (fàncài) should reflect a deep understanding of its register. While still a common word, you know when to substitute it with more literary terms like 肴馔 (yáozhuàn) or 珍馐 (zhēnxiū) for dramatic effect or in high-level literature. You can analyze the sociological aspects of '饭菜', such as how the composition of daily meals has changed with China's economic development. You might discuss the '饭菜' in the context of food security, traditional festivals (like the Reunion Dinner), or regional identity. Your usage is precise, and you can use the term to evoke specific emotions or cultural memories in your writing and speaking.

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For C2 speakers, 饭菜 (fàncài) is a versatile tool used to navigate the most subtle social and literary landscapes. You might use it in a critique of a classic novel to discuss how the description of '饭菜' reflects a character's social status or state of mind. You understand its role in regional dialects and how its pronunciation or associated idioms might vary. You can engage in high-level debates about the 'globalization of Chinese 饭菜' or the preservation of traditional cooking methods. At this level, the word is not just a label for food; it is a cultural signifier that you can manipulate to convey complex ideas about home, nationhood, and the human condition.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

饭菜 30秒で

饭菜 (fàncài) is the standard Chinese word for a 'meal' or 'prepared food' served at the table, combining staple and dishes.
It is used in daily life to comment on cooking quality, invite guests to eat, or describe what is being served.
Commonly paired with verbs like '做' (cook) and '吃' (eat), and measured with '顿' (dùn) for a single meal instance.
It carries a warm, domestic connotation and is essential for expressing hospitality and appreciation in Chinese social contexts.

The Chinese word 饭菜 (fàncài) is a fundamental noun in everyday Mandarin, representing the concept of a complete meal or the collective spread of food served on a table. To understand its depth, one must look at its constituent parts: 饭 (fàn), which literally means cooked rice or staple food, and 菜 (cài), which refers to vegetables, meat dishes, or non-staple items. Together, they form the holistic idea of 'food prepared for eating.' Unlike the more abstract term 食物 (shíwù), which covers biological food in general, 饭菜 specifically denotes the prepared dishes one consumes during lunch, dinner, or a feast. It carries a domestic and warm connotation, often associated with home cooking, hospitality, and the act of sharing a meal with family or friends.

Literal Composition: The combination of staple (rice/grain) and non-staple (dishes) reflects the traditional Chinese dietary structure where a meal is balanced between these two categories.
Common Usage: Used when commenting on the quality of a meal, inviting someone to eat, or describing the spread of food at a restaurant or home.

妈妈做的饭菜总是最好吃的。 (The meal/food Mom makes is always the most delicious.)

In social contexts, 饭菜 is the go-to word when you want to compliment the host. If you are invited to a Chinese home, praising the 'fàncài' is the ultimate sign of respect. It isn't just about the flavor; it's about the effort put into the preparation. You will hear it in restaurants when patrons discuss the menu or when a waiter asks if the food is to your liking. It is inclusive of everything on the table—from the bowl of rice to the plate of braised pork and the stir-fried greens. This word encapsulates the essence of Chinese culinary culture, which emphasizes variety and the communal sharing of multiple dishes.

这里的饭菜不仅味道好，而且很便宜。 (The food here not only tastes good but is also very cheap.)

Cultural Nuance: In China, 'fàncài' is often the center of social bonding. The phrase '趁热吃饭菜' (Eat the food while it's hot) is a common expression of care from elders to juniors.

Furthermore, the term is used in professional settings like school or company cafeterias (食堂). Students might complain about the 'fàncài' being repetitive, or a company might pride itself on providing high-quality 'fàncài' to its employees. It is a versatile, everyday term that bridges the gap between formal and informal speech, making it indispensable for A2 learners who are beginning to navigate social situations involving dining.

Using 饭菜 (fàncài) correctly involves understanding its role as a collective noun. It is most commonly paired with verbs like 做 (zuò - to make/cook), 准备 (zhǔnbèi - to prepare), 吃 (chī - to eat), and 尝 (cháng - to taste). Because it represents a set of items, it is often preceded by measure words like 顿 (dùn) for a single meal or 些 (xiē) for an indefinite amount of food. Understanding these pairings is key to sounding natural in Mandarin.

我正在为晚上的客人们准备饭菜。 (I am preparing the meal for tonight's guests.)

Common Verb Pairings: 1. 做饭菜 (Cook a meal)
2. 剩饭菜 (Leftover food)
3. 尝饭菜 (Taste the food)

When describing 饭菜, adjectives like 丰盛 (fēngshèng - sumptuous/abundant), 可口 (kěkǒu - tasty), or 简单 (jiǎndān - simple) are frequently used. For instance, a festive New Year's dinner would be described as '丰盛的饭菜', whereas a quick weekday lunch might be '简单的饭菜'. This allows the speaker to convey not just the presence of food, but its quality and nature.

今天的饭菜非常丰盛，大家多吃点。 (Today's meal is very sumptuous; everyone, please eat more.)

Another important aspect is the negative or critical usage. If the food is cold, you say '饭菜凉了' (The food has gone cold). If someone is picky, you might say they '挑剔饭菜' (are picky about the food). These structures are vital for expressing dissatisfaction or urgency in daily life. In a sentence like '饭菜快凉了，快来吃吧！' (The food is getting cold, come and eat quickly!), the word serves as a call to action, emphasizing the importance of enjoying the meal at its best.

Measure Words: - 顿 (dùn): For a specific occasion/meal.
- 些 (xiē): For some/plural dishes.
- 盘 (pán): If referring specifically to the plates of food.

Lastly, consider the possessive usage. You can attribute the food to a person or a place: '家里的饭菜' (home-cooked food), '饭店的饭菜' (restaurant food). This helps in making comparisons, a very common topic in Chinese conversation. People often debate whether '家里的饭菜' is healthier than '外面的饭菜' (food from outside). Mastering these simple possessive structures will greatly enhance your ability to participate in discussions about lifestyle and health.

The word 饭菜 (fàncài) is ubiquitous in Chinese life, but its heart lies in the domestic sphere. You will hear it most frequently in the kitchen or around the dining table. A grandmother might shout from the kitchen, '饭菜好了！' (The food is ready!), which is the universal signal for the family to gather. In this context, the word carries a sense of warmth and duty. It’s also heard in 'Sichuan' or 'Cantonese' restaurants when the head of the table asks, '这家的饭菜合你的胃口吗？' (Does the food here suit your taste?), highlighting its role in social etiquette and hospitality.

快坐下，饭菜就要上桌了。 (Quickly sit down, the food is about to be served on the table.)

In educational settings, particularly in primary and secondary schools, students often talk about the '学校饭菜' (school food). It is a common topic of bonding or complaining among peers. Similarly, in the workplace, colleagues might discuss where to find the best '午间饭菜' (lunch food) or comment on the '食堂的饭菜' (cafeteria food). In these public settings, the word is used more functionally to describe the quality and availability of sustenance during the workday.

Scenario: At a Friend's House: Host: '没什么好饭菜，随便吃点。' (Nothing great to eat, just have a bit of whatever.)
Guest: '哪里，这顿饭菜太丰盛了！' (Not at all, this meal is too sumptuous!)

Television dramas and movies frequently use 饭菜 to depict family dynamics. A scene showing a mother waiting for her late-returning child often features her reheating the '饭菜'. This visual and auditory cue represents care and silent love. Furthermore, in travel shows or food vlogs, presenters will use the word to summarize the overall culinary experience of a region: '这里的饭菜很有特色' (The food here is very unique). It acts as a summary of the local flavors and ingredients.

Finally, you will encounter this word in health and lifestyle blogs. Articles might discuss '健康的饭菜搭配' (healthy meal combinations), focusing on the ratio of vegetables to meat. This usage is more analytical, treating the meal as a nutritional unit. Whether in a cozy kitchen, a bustling cafeteria, or a health magazine, 饭菜 remains the essential term for the food that fuels daily life.

For English speakers, the most common mistake is confusing 饭菜 (fàncài) with 食物 (shíwù). While '食物' is the general term for 'food' (anything edible), '饭菜' specifically refers to prepared meals. You wouldn't call an apple or a raw egg '饭菜', but you would call them '食物'. Using '食物' when you mean 'the dinner I cooked' sounds overly clinical and unnatural in Chinese. It’s like saying 'I have prepared the biological nutrients' instead of 'I have prepared the meal.'

我喜欢这家的食物。
更好：我喜欢这家的饭菜。 (I like the food/meal at this place.)

Mistake 1: Over-generalization: Using '饭菜' to refer to snacks, drinks, or raw ingredients. '饭菜' must imply a prepared meal with both staple and dish components.
Mistake 2: Measure Word Confusion: Using '个' (gè) instead of '顿' (dùn). You don't say '一个饭菜'; you say '一顿饭菜'.

Another frequent error is using 饭菜 when you only mean a specific dish. If you are pointing at a plate of Kung Pao Chicken, you should say '这道菜' (this dish), not '这顿饭菜'. '饭菜' is the collective whole. Conversely, if you only ate rice, you shouldn't say you ate '饭菜', as the 'cài' (dishes) part was missing. This nuance reflects the importance of balance in Chinese dining culture.

Lastly, learners often forget the 'rice' component in Northern China. While '饭菜' generally works everywhere, in the North, the '饭' (staple) might be noodles or steamed buns (馒头), but the word '饭菜' is still used generically to mean the meal. Don't be confused if there is no actual rice on the table; the word has evolved to mean the meal structure rather than just 'rice and dishes'. Avoid being too literal with the 'rice' translation to prevent confusion in different regional contexts.

While 饭菜 (fàncài) is the most common term for a standard meal, several alternatives exist depending on the register and context. Understanding these will help you fine-tune your vocabulary for different social situations. The most common alternative is simply 菜 (cài), which is often used as a shorthand. For example, '上菜' (serve the dishes) is used in restaurants. However, '菜' alone focuses on the non-staple items, whereas '饭菜' is more inclusive.

饭菜 vs. 食物 (shíwù): 饭菜: Prepared meal, home/restaurant context.
食物: Any edible substance, scientific/general context.
饭菜 vs. 美食 (měishí): 饭菜: Everyday food, neutral.
美食: Gourmet food, high quality, often used in reviews.

In more formal or literary contexts, you might encounter 肴 (yáo) or 佳肴 (jiāyáo). These words specifically refer to delicious, high-quality meat and fish dishes. You would see '美味佳肴' in a formal speech or a fancy restaurant's promotional material. It is much more sophisticated than the humble '饭菜'. Another formal term is 膳食 (shànshí), which is often used in medical or institutional contexts, like '营养膳食' (nutritional meal/diet).

晚宴上摆满了各种美味佳肴。 (The banquet was filled with all kinds of delicious delicacies.)

For a very casual setting, people might just say 饭 (fàn). '吃饭了吗？' (Have you eaten?) is the most common greeting. However, '饭' is very broad and can mean just rice or the entire act of eating. When you want to specifically comment on the food itself, '饭菜' remains the best choice for clarity. If you are talking about the ingredients before they are cooked, use 食材 (shícái). If you are talking about a specific style of food (like Italian food), use 菜系 (càixì) or 料理 (liàolǐ), the latter being particularly common for Japanese food (日本料理).

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient China, '饭' (grain) was the primary source of calories, while '菜' (dishes) was considered a supplement to help the grain go down. This is why the word 'rice' is still synonymous with 'meal' in many Asian languages.

発音ガイド

UK /fàn.tsʰâɪ/

US /fàn.tsʰaɪ/

Both syllables are equally stressed as they both carry the 4th tone.

韻が合う語

饭 (fàn) rhymes with: 站 (zhàn), 慢 (màn), 看 (kàn) 菜 (cài) rhymes with: 爱 (ài), 快 (kuài), 在 (zài) Other 4th tone pairs: 训练 (xùnliàn), 电脑 (diànnǎo - partial) Common food rhymes: 蛋 (dàn), 拌 (bàn)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'cài' as 'kài' (using a 'k' sound instead of 'ts').
Missing the falling tone on 'fàn', making it sound like a question.
Conflating the 'ts' sound with a simple 's' sound.
Failing to aspirate the 'c' in 'cài' (though it is a 'ts' sound, it needs a puff of air).
Pronouncing it as one long syllable instead of two distinct morphemes.

難易度

読解 2/5

Characters are basic (饭 and 菜 are taught early).

ライティング 3/5

The character '菜' has many strokes and requires practice.

スピーキング 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but tones must be clear.

リスニング 1/5

Very common word, easy to recognize in context.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

饭 (rice) 菜 (vegetable) 吃 (eat) 好 (good) 做 (do/make)

次に学ぶ

丰盛 (sumptuous) 味道 (taste) 准备 (prepare) 顿 (measure word) 厨房 (kitchen)

上級

佳肴 (delicacy) 膳食 (diet) 烹饪 (cooking) 食材 (ingredients) 胃口 (appetite)

知っておくべき文法

Measure word '顿' (dùn)

我吃了一顿丰盛的饭菜。

Resultative complement '好了' (hǎo le)

饭菜已经做好了。

Possessive '的' (de)

妈妈做的饭菜。

Adjective + '的' + Noun

可口的饭菜。

The '把' (bǎ) construction

请把饭菜端到桌子上。

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レベル別の例文

饭菜好了。

The food is ready.

饭菜 (fàncài) + 好了 (hǎo le) indicates completion.

饭菜很好吃。

The food is delicious.

Simple Subject + Adverb + Adjective structure.

我不喜欢这里的饭菜。

I don't like the food here.

Negative structure using 不 (bù).

你在做什么饭菜？

What food are you making?

Question using 什么 (shénme).

这些饭菜很贵。

These dishes/meals are expensive.

Using 这些 (zhèxiē) to pluralize.

请吃点饭菜。

Please eat some food.

Polite request using 请 (qǐng).

饭菜凉了。

The food has gone cold.

凉 (liáng) as a resultative state.

这里的饭菜很多。

There is a lot of food here.

Using 多 (duō) to indicate quantity.

这顿饭菜非常丰盛。

This meal is very sumptuous.

Measure word 顿 (dùn) for a meal.

妈妈每天都准备好饭菜。

Mom prepares the food every day.

Adverb 每天 (měitiān) showing frequency.

我想尝尝你做的饭菜。

I want to taste the food you made.

Reduplicated verb 尝尝 (chángchang) for 'to try/taste'.

学校的饭菜不太好。

The school food isn't very good.

Noun phrase '学校的饭菜'.

他只吃简单的饭菜。

He only eats simple meals.

Adjective 简单 (jiǎndān) modifying the noun.

我们要把饭菜吃完。

We need to finish the food.

把 (bǎ) construction for disposal.

这里的饭菜合你的胃口吗？

Does the food here suit your taste?

Idiomatic phrase 合...胃口 (suit one's taste).

剩饭菜可以明天吃。

Leftover food can be eaten tomorrow.

Compound 剩饭菜 (shèng fàncài) for leftovers.

虽然饭菜很简单，但味道很地道。

Although the meal is simple, the flavor is very authentic.

Although... but (虽然...但) structure.

他总是挑剔家里的饭菜。

He is always picky about the food at home.

Verb 挑剔 (tiāoti) meaning 'to be picky'.

这里的饭菜让我记起了家乡的味道。

The food here reminds me of the taste of my hometown.

Causative 让 (ràng) structure.

为了招待客人，他准备了最好的饭菜。

To entertain guests, he prepared the best food.

为了 (wèile) indicating purpose.

医生建议他多吃清淡的饭菜。

The doctor suggested he eat more light/bland food.

Adjective 清淡 (qīngdàn) for light food.

饭菜的香味吸引了很多人。

The aroma of the food attracted many people.

Possessive phrase '饭菜的香味'.

这家饭店的饭菜种类非常多。

This restaurant has a wide variety of food.

Noun 种类 (zhǒnglèi) for types/variety.

他一边看电视，一边吃着简单的饭菜。

He is eating a simple meal while watching TV.

一边...一边 (yībiān) for simultaneous actions.

在节日里，家家户户都会准备丰盛的饭菜。

During festivals, every household prepares a sumptuous meal.

Reduplicated noun 家家户户 (every household).

由于忙于工作，他经常顾不上吃热乎的饭菜。

Due to being busy with work, he often can't manage to eat hot food.

Phrase 顾不上 (gù bù shàng) - can't manage to.

这里的饭菜不仅色香味俱全，而且价格合理。

The food here is not only perfect in color, aroma, and taste, but also reasonably priced.

Idiom 色香味俱全 (sè xiāng wèi jù quán).

尽管饭菜已经凉了，他还是吃得很香。

Even though the food was already cold, he still ate it with great relish.

尽管...还是 (jǐnguǎn...háishì) - even though... still.

合理的饭菜搭配对身体健康至关重要。

Reasonable meal combinations are vital for physical health.

至关重要 (zhì guān zhòng yào) - vital/crucial.

这些剩饭菜如果处理不当，很容易变质。

If these leftovers are not handled properly, they can easily spoil.

Conditional 如果... (rúguǒ).

他把所有的心思都花在了钻研饭菜的烹饪上。

He put all his heart into studying the cooking of meals.

Phrase 花在...上 (spend [time/effort] on...).

这种饭菜的做法在南方非常普遍。

This way of making the meal is very common in the South.

Noun 做法 (zuòfǎ) - way of doing/making.

那一桌热气腾腾的饭菜，凝聚了母亲对家人的关爱。

That table of steaming hot food embodies a mother's care for her family.

Verb 凝聚 (níngjù) - to embody/condense.

随着生活水平的提高，人们对饭菜的要求也越来越高。

With the improvement of living standards, people's requirements for food are also getting higher.

随着... (suízhe) - along with/as...

这种饭菜虽然卖相一般，但入口即化，回味无穷。

Although this meal's appearance is average, it melts in your mouth and has a long-lasting aftertaste.

Idiom 回味无穷 (huíwèi wúqióng).

他在异国他乡，最怀念的就是家里那口家常饭菜。

In a foreign land, what he misses most is the taste of home-cooked meals.

Phrase 异国他乡 (yìguó tāxiāng) - foreign land.

饭菜的质量直接影响到员工的工作积极性。

The quality of the meals directly affects employees' work enthusiasm.

Noun 积极性 (jījíxìng) - enthusiasm/initiative.

他通过改良传统的饭菜，创造出了独特的现代风味。

By improving traditional meals, he created a unique modern flavor.

Verb 改良 (gǎiliáng) - to improve/reform.

饭菜不仅仅是填饱肚子的工具，更是一种文化的传承。

Food is not just a tool to fill the stomach, but also a heritage of culture.

不仅是...更是... (not only... but also...).

桌上的饭菜早已杯盘狼藉，客人们谈兴正浓。

The food on the table was already a mess of empty plates, but the guests were still in high spirits for conversation.

Idiom 杯盘狼藉 (bēipán lángjí).

文学作品中对饭菜的细腻描写，往往能透视出时代的变迁。

Delicate descriptions of food in literary works often reveal the changes of the era.

Verb 透视 (tòushì) - to look through/reveal.

他笔下的饭菜，仿佛带着泥土的芬芳和生活的原味。

The meals in his writing seem to carry the fragrance of the soil and the original flavor of life.

Simile 仿佛 (fǎngfú) - as if.

在这个快节奏的时代，亲手为家人做一顿饭菜已成为奢侈。

In this fast-paced era, cooking a meal for one's family by hand has become a luxury.

Noun 奢侈 (shēchǐ) - luxury.

饭菜的色泽与摆盘，无不彰显出厨师对生活美学的追求。

The color and plating of the food all demonstrate the chef's pursuit of life aesthetics.

Double negative 无不 (wúbù) meaning 'all/without exception'.

这种传统的饭菜制作技艺，正面临着失传的危机。

This traditional meal-making craft is facing the crisis of being lost.

Verb 面临 (miànlín) - to face.

饭菜中蕴含的地域特色，是游子心中永恒的乡愁。

The regional characteristics contained in the food are the eternal nostalgia in the hearts of travelers.

Verb 蕴含 (yùnhán) - to contain/embody.

他深谙饭菜调配之道，能将简单的食材转化为绝世美味。

He is well-versed in the art of meal preparation and can transform simple ingredients into peerless delicacies.

Phrase 深谙...之道 (deeply understand the way of...).

饭菜的丰俭程度，在古代往往是社会等级的直观体现。

The abundance or simplicity of meals was often a visual representation of social hierarchy in ancient times.

Noun 丰俭 (fēngjiǎn) - abundance or simplicity.

よく使う組み合わせ

做饭菜

准备饭菜

丰盛的饭菜

简单的饭菜

剩饭菜

热乎的饭菜

可口的饭菜

家里的饭菜

学校的饭菜

端上饭菜

よく使うフレーズ

饭菜好了

— The meal is ready. Used to call people to the table.

快来，饭菜好了！

饭菜凉了

— The food has gone cold. Often used as a nudge to eat quickly.

别说话了，饭菜凉了。

家常饭菜

— Home-cooked, simple meals. Often associated with comfort.

我就爱吃这些家常饭菜。

饭菜合口味

— The food suits one's taste.

不知道这些饭菜合不合你的口味？

打包饭菜

— To pack up leftovers from a restaurant.

剩下的饭菜我们打包吧。

挑剔饭菜

— To be picky about the food.

小孩子不能总是挑剔饭菜。

饭菜香味

— The delicious smell of a meal.

我闻到了饭菜的香味。

一顿饭菜

— One meal. '顿' is the standard measure word.

这一顿饭菜花了不少钱。

饭菜搭配

— The combination or balance of food in a meal.

饭菜搭配要讲究营养。

热一下饭菜

— To reheat the food.

我去帮你热一下饭菜。

よく混同される語

饭菜 vs 食物

Food in general (biological). '饭菜' is a prepared meal.

饭菜 vs 粮食

Grain or raw crops. '饭菜' is the finished dish.

饭菜 vs 小吃

Snacks or street food. '饭菜' implies a full meal.

慣用句と表現

"色香味俱全"

— Perfect in color, aroma, and taste. Used to describe high-quality '饭菜'.

这桌饭菜真是色香味俱全。

Commendatory

"粗茶淡饭"

— Simple food (lit. coarse tea and plain rice). Often used to describe a humble lifestyle.

虽然只是粗茶淡饭，但我们过得很开心。

Humble/Neutral

"美味佳肴"

— Delicious food and exquisite dishes.

晚宴上准备了各种美味佳肴。

Formal

"杯盘狼藉"

— A mess of empty plates and cups after a big feast.

宴会结束时，桌上已是杯盘狼藉。

Descriptive

"家常便饭"

— Common, everyday meal; also means something that happens frequently.

加班对他来说是家常便饭。

Common

"山珍海味"

— Delicacies from the mountains and seas (expensive food).

他天天吃山珍海味，也觉得腻了。

Exaggerated

"饥不择食"

— When hungry, one doesn't pick what food to eat.

他饿坏了，简直是饥不择食。

Descriptive

"食不甘味"

— Food has no taste (due to worry or sadness).

自从生病后，他吃什么都食不甘味。

Literary

"残羹冷炙"

— Leftovers (lit. remaining soup and cold roasted meat).

他只能靠一些残羹冷炙度日。

Derogatory/Sad

"垂涎欲滴"

— To make one's mouth water (describing very tempting food).

这些饭菜看一眼就让人垂涎欲滴。

Descriptive

間違えやすい

饭菜 vs 菜

Both mean food.

'菜' can mean just vegetables or a single dish. '饭菜' is the whole meal including rice.

我点了一个菜 (I ordered one dish) vs. 饭菜好了 (The meal is ready).

饭菜 vs 饭

Both refer to a meal.

'饭' is more generic and can just mean rice. '饭菜' explicitly includes the dishes.

吃过饭了吗？ (Have you eaten?) vs. 今天的饭菜不错 (The dishes/meal today are good).

饭菜 vs 美食

Both refer to good food.

'美食' is 'gourmet food'. '饭菜' is everyday food.

寻找美食 (Search for gourmet food) vs. 家常饭菜 (Everyday home cooking).

饭菜 vs 饮食

Both mean food/eating.

'饮食' includes drinking and is used for 'diet' or 'habits'.

健康的饮食 (A healthy diet) vs. 丰盛的饭菜 (A sumptuous meal).

饭菜 vs 伙食

Both refer to meals.

'伙食' refers to the collective food provided by an institution.

部队的伙食 (Army rations/food) vs. 妈妈的饭菜 (Mom's cooking).

文型パターン

S + [Adv] + Adj + N

这是好饭菜。

N + [Adv] + Adj

饭菜很好。

S + 做 + 饭菜

妈妈做饭菜。

这顿 + 饭菜 + ...

这顿饭菜很丰盛。

虽然...但是...

虽然饭菜简单，但是很好吃。

让 + S + ...

这些饭菜让我很开心。

不仅...而且...

饭菜不仅好看，而且好吃。

无不 + 彰显...

饭菜无不彰显着主人的热情。

語族

名詞

饭 (rice/meal)

菜 (vegetable/dish)

饭馆 (restaurant)

菜园 (vegetable garden)

動詞

吃饭 (to eat)

做饭 (to cook)

炒菜 (to stir-fry)

点菜 (to order food)

形容詞

可口 (tasty)

丰盛 (sumptuous)

清淡 (light)

油腻 (greasy)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in daily spoken and written Chinese.

よくある間違い

Using '个' as a measure word. → Using '顿' (dùn).
You don't say '一个饭菜'; it sounds like you're talking about a single object rather than a meal.
Calling an apple '饭菜'. → Calling it '食物' or '水果'.
'饭菜' must be a prepared meal, not a single piece of raw fruit.
Using '饭菜' for drinks. → Using '饮料' (yǐnliào).
'饭菜' refers to solid or semi-solid food items, not beverages.
Saying '饭菜' when only rice is served. → Saying '米饭' (mǐfàn).
Without the '菜' (dishes), it's not '饭菜'.
Confusing '饭菜' with '菜系'. → Using '菜系' for cuisine types.
'饭菜' is the food on the table; '菜系' is the style/tradition of cooking.

ヒント

Hospitality Tip

When someone offers you '饭菜', even if it's a lot, they might say '没什么菜' (There's not much food). It's a sign of humility.

Measure Word

Always use '顿' (dùn) when counting meals. '三顿饭菜' means 'three meals'.

Tone Accuracy

Ensure both tones are falling (4th tone). If you say them flatly, it might be harder to understand.

Home vs. Restaurant

Use '家常饭菜' for home cooking and '饭店的饭菜' for restaurant food.

Balanced Diet

In China, a healthy '饭菜' always has a balance of staple (饭) and dishes (菜).

Complimenting

Praising the '饭菜' is the easiest way to make a Chinese host happy.

Character Parts

Remember the 'food' radical on the left of '饭' to help identify it.

Context Clues

If you hear '好了' (hǎo le) after '饭菜', it almost always means dinner is served.

Stroke Order

Pay attention to the stroke order of '菜'; it's easy to get the middle part wrong.

Not for Snacks

Never use '饭菜' for things like potato chips or chocolate.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of FAN (fàn) as a cooling FAN blowing on your hot bowl of rice, and CAI (cài) as the colorful vegetables you see in a TIE (rhymes with cài). FAN + CAI = A complete meal.

視覚的連想

Imagine a round Chinese dining table. On it, there is a large bowl of white rice (饭) in the center, surrounded by various plates of meat and vegetables (菜). The whole image is '饭菜'.

Word Web

Rice Meat Vegetables Kitchen Cooking Eating Table Restaurant

チャレンジ

Try to describe every meal you eat today using the word '饭菜'. For example, 'My breakfast 饭菜 was bread and eggs.'

語源

The word is a compound of two ancient characters. '饭' (fàn) consists of the food radical '饣' and the phonetic '反'. It originally referred to cooked grains. '菜' (cài) consists of the grass radical '艹' and '采' (to gather). It originally referred to gathered edible greens.

元の意味： Cooked grain and gathered vegetables.

Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).

文化的な背景

When discussing '饭菜', be aware of dietary restrictions (halal, vegetarian) as traditional Chinese meals often mix meat and vegetables.

In English, we often just say 'food' or 'the meal'. Chinese is more specific about the components (staple + dish).

The movie 'Eat Drink Man Woman' (饮食男女) explores the depth of Chinese 饭菜. The documentary 'A Bite of China' (舌尖上的中国) focuses on regional 饭菜.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At Home

饭菜好了
帮我端饭菜
准备饭菜
家常饭菜

At a Restaurant

这家的饭菜
点些饭菜
打包饭菜
饭菜很贵

School/Work

食堂的饭菜
学校饭菜
午间饭菜
挑剔饭菜

Social Invitations

尝尝我的饭菜
丰盛的饭菜
饭菜合口味
简单的饭菜

Health/Diet

健康的饭菜
清淡的饭菜
饭菜搭配
剩饭菜

会話のきっかけ

"你觉得这家饭店的饭菜怎么样？ (What do you think of the food at this restaurant?)"

"你平时喜欢吃什么样的饭菜？ (What kind of food do you usually like to eat?)"

"今天的饭菜是你自己做的吗？ (Did you make today's meal yourself?)"

"你最怀念哪里的饭菜？ (Which place's food do you miss the most?)"

"你觉得学校食堂的饭菜好吃吗？ (Do you think the school cafeteria food is good?)"

日記のテーマ

写一写你最喜欢的家常饭菜。 (Write about your favorite home-cooked meal.)

描述一下你今天吃的饭菜。 (Describe the food/meal you ate today.)

如果你要请客，你会准备什么样的饭菜？ (If you were to invite guests, what kind of meal would you prepare?)

讨论一下健康饭菜的重要性。 (Discuss the importance of healthy meals.)

对比一下家里的饭菜和饭店的饭菜。 (Compare home-cooked meals with restaurant meals.)

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, '饭菜' can refer to any meal, although it is most commonly used for lunch and dinner where more dishes are served. For a simple breakfast, people might just say '早饭' (zǎofàn).

The most common measure word is '顿' (dùn). For example, '这一顿饭菜' (this meal). If you are referring to multiple dishes, you can use '些' (xiē) or '盘' (pán) for plates.

It is neutral. It is perfectly fine to use in casual conversations with friends and family, as well as in standard restaurant or business dining contexts.

Technically '饭' means rice, but the word is used generically. Even if you are eating noodles or bread with dishes, you can still call it '饭菜'.

'菜' refers specifically to the dishes (meat, vegetables). '饭菜' is the combination of those dishes plus the staple food (rice, noodles).

You use the word '剩' (shèng - remaining). So, '剩饭菜' (shèng fàncài) means leftovers.

No, '饭菜' implies human-prepared meals. For animal food, use '饲料' (sìliào) or simply '食物' (shíwù).

You can say '你做的饭菜真好吃！' (The food you made is really delicious!)

Yes, it is a standard Mandarin term recognized and used throughout mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore.

Not really. For 'cuisine' (like 'Chinese cuisine'), use '菜系' (càixì) or '料理' (liàolǐ). '饭菜' is more about the physical food on the table.

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