Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of connecting your thoughts using 'what' and 'which' in French.
- Identify when to use 'ce qui' versus 'ce que'.
- Connect verbs requiring prepositions using 'ce dont' and 'ce à quoi'.
- Select the correct pronoun 'lequel' to specify objects or people.
배울 내용
Ready to level up your French? This chapter is all about unlocking the power of 'what' and 'which' in French, making your sentences flow like a native speaker! Forget simple statements – by the end of this, you'll be able to express complex ideas and connect your thoughts smoothly.
Ever wanted to say 'What I want is...' or ask 'The thing you're talking about, what is it?' You'll master ce qui and ce que to effortlessly handle 'what' as a subject or direct object. We'll then dive into how to use ce dont and ce à quoi – don't worry, they sound scarier than they are! These gems will let you link 'what' with verbs that need prepositions like 'de' or 'à', opening up a whole new world of expression.
And for those tricky 'which' questions after prepositions, like 'To which friend are you speaking?', you'll conquer lequel and laquelle, making sure your pronouns perfectly match gender and number. We’ll even tackle the neat little 'smushed' pronouns like auquel and duquel.
Imagine chatting with a French friend, describing something interesting you saw, or asking for clarification on 'which one' they prefer. You'll move beyond basic phrases and start building truly rich, connected sentences. This might seem like a big step, but trust us, it’s totally achievable and super exciting. Let's make your French shine!
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주어로 쓰이는 '것' (Ce qui)동사 바로 앞에서 주어 역할을 하는 '무엇'을 말할 땐
ce qui를 기억하세요!ce qui는 문장을 연결하는 든든한 주어랍니다. -
프랑스어 대명사: ~하는 것 / 무엇 (Ce que)문장에서 목적어 역할을 하는 '~하는 것'을 말하고 싶을 땐
ce que를 쓰고 그 뒤에 주어와 동사를 붙여주면 끝이에요! -
프랑스어의 '무엇/~하는 것': ce qui와 ce que 사용하기질문이 아닐 때 '~하는 것'이나 '무엇'을 말하고 싶다면
ce뒤에 알맞은 짝꿍을 붙여주면 끝이에요! -
프랑스어 관계 대명사: ~하는 것 (Ce dont)동사가
de라는 짝꿍이랑 같이 다니면, '내가 ~하는 것'이라고 말할 때 꼭ce dont를 써주세요! -
무엇...에 (Ce à quoi)프랑스어에서
ce à quoi는penser à처럼 'à' 전치사가 꼭 필요한 동사들과 짝꿍이에요! 추상적인 생각을 문장에 연결해주는 «마법의 연결고리»라고 생각하면 쉬워요. -
전치사 뒤의 프랑스어 관계 대명사 (Lequel/Laquelle)전치사 뒤에 '어떤 것'인지 설명할 때
lequel가족을 사용하세요. 성별과 수만 맞추면 완벽해요! -
프랑스어 대명사: 어느 것? (auquel, duquel)명사의 성별과 수에 맞춰서 전치사랑 «합체»시키는 게 핵심이에요!
auquel,duquel,auxquels같은 마법의 단어들을 기억하세요.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Use 'ce qui' and 'ce que' to describe actions and states.
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2
By the end you will be able to: Form complex sentences using 'ce dont' and 'ce à quoi'.
챕터 가이드
Overview
what and which, essential tools for any learner aiming for fluency.which one? after prepositions, ensuring your questions are always grammatically perfect. This might seem like a big step, but with our clear explanations and examples, you'll find these French grammar patterns are not only achievable but incredibly rewarding. Get ready to unlock new levels of expression and make your French shine!How This Grammar Works
what or the thing that when it's the subject of the clause.what is the direct object, you'll use Ce que. For example, Je ne sais pas ce que tu veux (I don't know what you want).whats.what...about, you use Ce dont. For example, Voilà ce dont j'ai besoin (Here is what I need).what...to/at. For instance, C'est ce à quoi je pense (That's what I'm thinking about).which one after prepositions with Lequel/Laquelle. These are interrogative pronouns that change based on the gender and number of the noun they refer to: lequel (masculine singular), laquelle (feminine singular), lesquels (masculine plural), lesquelles (feminine plural). When combined with prepositions à or de, they contract: à + lequel = auquel, à + laquelle = à laquelle, de + lequel = duquel, de + laquelle = de laquelle.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong:
Je ne comprends pas ce qui tu dis.
Je ne comprends pas ce que tu dis.
what is the subject of the following verb. In tu dis, tu is the subject, and ce is the direct object. Therefore, ce que is correct.- 1✗ Wrong: "C'est ce que j'ai besoin."
avoir besoin (to need) always takes the preposition de (avoir besoin de quelque chose). When referring to what you need, you must use ce dont to incorporate that de.- 1✗ Wrong:
Avec lequel fille vas-tu au cinéma ?
Avec quelle fille vas-tu au cinéma ?(or
Avec laquelle vas-tu au cinéma ?if the noun
fille is already known)which one. When used *before* a noun, you typically use the interrogative adjective quel/quelle/quels/quelles. If the noun is omitted or understood from context, then lequel/laquelle is correct.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
How do I know whether to use ce qui or ce que in French?
Use ce qui when what is the subject of the verb that follows it (e.g., *Ce qui est important...*). Use ce que when what is the direct object of the verb that follows it (e.g., *Ce que tu dis...*). Think of qui for 'who/which (subject)' and que for 'whom/which (object)'.
Are ce dont and ce à quoi really common in everyday French?
Yes, absolutely! While they might seem a bit advanced for A1 French, they are very common in spoken and written French. Mastering them helps you sound much more natural and express complex ideas smoothly, especially when verbs require specific prepositions.
Can I use quel instead of lequel?
Yes, but they have different roles. Quel/quelle/quels/quelles are interrogative adjectives used *before* a noun (e.g., *Quelle couleur aimes-tu?* - Which color do you like?). Lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles are interrogative pronouns used *in place of* a noun, often after a preposition (e.g., *Parmi ces couleurs, laquelle aimes-tu?* - Among these colors, which one do you like?).
Cultural Context
주요 예문 (6)
팁과 요령 (4)
축약 금지 규칙
ce qu'는 ce que만 가능해요. ce qui는 뒤에 est 같은 단어가 와도 절대 'i'를 버리지 않아요. Ce qui est vrai라고 꼭 써주세요.
모음 앞에서는 변신!
ce que il은 틀린 표현이고 "ce qu'il"이 맞아요. 초보자들이 가장 많이 하는 실수랍니다.동사 앞에는 무조건 'ce qui'
동사 짝꿍 찾기
ce dont를 쓰세요.핵심 어휘 (6)
Real-World Preview
Choosing a gift
Review Summary
- Ce qui + verbe
- Ce que + sujet + verbe
- Ce dont + sujet + verbe (de)
- Ce à quoi + sujet + verbe (à)
자주 하는 실수
You used 'ce que' instead of 'ce qui'. Because 'what' is the subject of 'est', you must use 'ce qui'.
You misplaced the pronoun. 'Dont' must follow the noun it relates to.
You missed the 'ce' prefix. 'Ce à quoi' is required to start the relative clause.
이 챕터의 규칙 (7)
Next Steps
You've worked hard and mastered some of the most powerful tools in French grammar. Keep practicing!
Write 5 sentences about your day using 'ce qui' and 'ce que'.
빠른 연습 (10)
'그가 좋아하는 건 초밥이야'를 올바르게 말한 것은?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 대명사: ~하는 것 / 무엇 (Ce que)
Find and fix the mistake:
Ce que est sur la table est à moi.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어의 '무엇/~하는 것': ce qui와 ce que 사용하기
Tu as vu ce que se passe sur TikTok ?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 주어로 쓰이는 '것' (Ce qui)
Je ne sais pas ___ tu veux.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 대명사: ~하는 것 / 무엇 (Ce que)
Ce que est sur la table est à moi.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 대명사: ~하는 것 / 무엇 (Ce que)
Which sentence correctly uses 'what' as a subject?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 주어로 쓰이는 '것' (Ce qui)
'내가 관심 있는 것은 음악이다'를 올바르게 말한 것은?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 무엇...에 (Ce à quoi)
가장 정확한 문장을 고르세요:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 대명사: 어느 것? (auquel, duquel)
Find and fix the mistake:
Les problèmes auxquels je travaille sont difficiles.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 대명사: 어느 것? (auquel, duquel)
C'est ___ je pense.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 무엇...에 (Ce à quoi)
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
ce qui로 고정이에요.ce que를 축약할 때만 써요. 예를 들어 "ce qu'il veut«(그가 원하는 것)처럼요. »ce qui"는 축약하지 않아요.ce que는 '네가 하는 것'처럼 평서문에서 써요.Ce que je mange(내가 먹는 것)처럼 쓰여요.
ce qui, 주어(je, tu 등)가 따로 있으면 ce que를 쓰세요. Ce qui est làvs
Ce que tu as.
