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B1 noun #6,000 가장 일반적인 10분 분량

罪悪感

zaiakukan
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 罪悪感 30초 만에
설명 罪悪感 in your Level:
A1 level learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary and sentence structures. They would typically encounter and understand simple emotional words related to happiness, sadness, and basic needs. The concept of guilt, especially in its nuanced forms like 罪悪感, is generally beyond the scope of A1 vocabulary. At this level, learners might be able to express simple feelings like 'sad' (悲しい - kanashii) or 'happy' (嬉しい - ureshii), but complex emotions tied to moral transgressions are not yet a focus.
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A2 learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to immediate needs and familiar topics. They can describe their background, immediate environment, and immediate needs. While they might learn words for basic emotions like 'angry' (怒っている - okotte iru) or 'worried' (心配している - shinpai shite iru), the concept of 罪悪感, which involves a sense of moral responsibility and remorse for wrongdoing, is still quite advanced. They might be able to understand very simple expressions of regret or feeling bad, but the specific term 罪悪感 and its implications would likely be too complex.
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B1 learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. At this level, 罪悪感 starts to become relevant. Learners can understand and use vocabulary related to emotions and social interactions. They can grasp the meaning of guilt in contexts involving personal mistakes or minor moral transgressions, especially when explained with examples. They can begin to use 罪悪感 in simple sentences to express their own feelings or understand it in narratives.
B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. They can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. At the B2 level, learners can understand and use 罪悪感 in more complex contexts, including discussions about ethics, psychology, and literature. They can analyze characters' motivations and internal conflicts related to guilt, and discuss the nuances of moral responsibility. They can articulate their own feelings of guilt with greater precision and understand it in more subtle social situations.
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C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. They can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organizational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. At the C1 level, learners can fully comprehend and utilize 罪悪感 in sophisticated contexts. They can appreciate its cultural implications, its role in character development in literature, and its psychological dimensions. They can discuss abstract concepts related to morality, conscience, and atonement using precise vocabulary, including 罪悪感, with native-like fluency.
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C2 learners can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. At the C2 level, learners possess a mastery of 罪悪感, understanding its full semantic range, cultural nuances, and idiomatic uses. They can analyze its function in literature, philosophy, and psychology with expert-level comprehension and produce highly nuanced and sophisticated discourse on topics related to guilt, morality, and human nature.
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罪悪感 30초 만에

  • 罪悪感 (zaiakukan) is the Japanese word for guilt or a sense of guilt.
  • It describes the feeling of remorse and shame for doing something wrong.
  • This emotion arises from a recognition of personal responsibility for a transgression.
  • It's a significant concept in Japanese culture, related to morality and social harmony.

The Japanese word 罪悪感 (ざいあくかん - zaiakukan) directly translates to 'guilt' or 'sense of guilt'. It refers to the feeling of shame or remorse that arises from having done something wrong, immoral, or harmful, either to oneself or to others.

This feeling is often accompanied by a desire to confess, atone, or make amends for the wrongdoing. It's a complex emotion that involves a recognition of personal responsibility for a transgression. In Japanese culture, where societal harmony and consideration for others are highly valued, the concept of 罪悪感 can be particularly significant. It's not just about breaking a law, but also about violating social norms or causing distress to those around you.

You might feel 罪悪感 when you lie to a friend, betray someone's trust, or fail to meet an important obligation. It's a feeling that can weigh heavily on one's conscience. The intensity of 罪悪感 can vary greatly depending on the severity of the action and the individual's personal moral compass. Some people might experience profound guilt over minor transgressions, while others might feel little remorse for more serious offenses. Understanding 罪悪感 helps us grasp the nuances of Japanese social interactions and the importance placed on personal integrity and accountability.

Etymology
The word is composed of three kanji: 罪 (tsumi) meaning 'sin' or 'crime', 悪 (aku) meaning 'evil' or 'badness', and 感 (kan) meaning 'feeling' or 'sense'. Together, they form the concept of a feeling of sinfulness or badness.
Usage Context
罪悪感 is used in various contexts, including personal reflections, psychological discussions, and literary works, to describe the internal struggle one faces after committing a perceived wrong.

彼はずっと罪悪感に苛まれていました。罪悪感に苛まれるとは、その行為がどれほど彼を苦しめていたかがわかります。

Using 罪悪感 in sentences requires understanding the context of wrongdoing and the ensuing feeling of remorse. It often appears with verbs that describe experiencing or bearing this feeling, such as 感じる (かんじる - kanjiru, to feel) or 抱える (かかえる - kakaeru, to carry or hold).

For example, if someone has lied, they might experience 罪悪感. The sentence structure would typically be [Person] は [Action/Situation] によって 罪悪感 を 感じる (Person wa Action/Situation ni yotte zaiakukan o kanjiru - Person feels guilt because of Action/Situation). Alternatively, one might say that a person is burdened by 罪悪感, using phrases like 罪悪感に 苦しむ (zaiakukan ni kurushimu - to suffer from guilt) or 罪悪感 を 抱える (zaiakukan o kakaeru - to bear guilt).

Consider the situation where someone accidentally broke a valuable item belonging to a friend. They might later express their feelings with a sentence like: 「友達の大切なものを壊してしまい、深い罪悪感を感じています。」 (Tomodachi no taisetsu na mono o kowashite shimai, fukai zaiakukan o kanjite imasu. - I broke my friend's precious item, and I feel deep guilt.) Here, 'fukai' (deep) intensifies the feeling of guilt.

Another common usage is to describe someone who seems troubled or haunted by their past actions. A sentence like 「彼は過去の過ちに対する罪悪感から逃れられずにいる。」 (Kare wa kako no ayamachi ni taisuru zaiakukan kara nogarerarezu ni iru. - He cannot escape the guilt from his past mistakes.) illustrates this. The phrase 逃れられない (nogarerarenai - cannot escape) emphasizes the persistent nature of the guilt.

In more formal or literary contexts, 罪悪感 might be discussed as a psychological state. For instance, 「彼の作品は、登場人物が抱える罪悪感の描写に優れている。」 (Kare no sakuhin wa, tōjō jinbutsu ga kakaeru zaiakukan no byōsha ni sugurete iru. - His works excel in depicting the guilt carried by the characters.) This shows 罪悪感 as a subject of analysis.

It's important to note that 罪悪感 is usually directed towards one's own actions. If you are talking about feeling guilty because someone else did something wrong, you would use a different expression.

Verb Collocations
Common verbs used with 罪悪感 include: 感じる (kanjiru - to feel), 抱える (kakaeru - to bear/hold), 苛まれる (saimaremeru - to be tormented by), 覚える (oboeru - to feel/experience, less common for guilt itself but can be used in phrases like 罪悪感を覚える).
Adjective Modifiers
Adjectives often used to describe the intensity of 罪悪感 are: 深い (fukai - deep), 重い (omoi - heavy), 強い (tsuyoi - strong), 軽い (karui - light).

嘘をついたことへの罪悪感で眠れませんでした。

You'll encounter 罪悪感 in a variety of real-life situations and media. In everyday conversations, especially among friends or family, people might confess to feeling guilty about something they did. For instance, someone might say, 「昨日、彼にきつく言いすぎた。罪悪感を感じているんだ。」 (Kinō, kare ni kitsuku iisugita. Zaiakukan o kanjite iru n da. - I spoke too harshly to him yesterday. I'm feeling guilty about it.) This kind of confession highlights the personal and relational aspect of guilt.

In more serious contexts, such as legal or ethical discussions, 罪悪感 might be mentioned in relation to a crime or a moral lapse. A news report about a suspect might say, 「彼は犯行後、強い罪悪感に苛まれていたという。」 (Kare wa hankōgo, tsuyoi zaiakukan ni saimarete ita to iu. - It is said that he was tormented by intense guilt after the crime.) This usage emphasizes the severe psychological impact of wrongdoing.

In Japanese literature, manga, anime, and dramas, 罪悪感 is a very common theme. Characters often grapple with past mistakes, betrayals, or failures, and their internal struggles with guilt are frequently explored. You might see a character tormented by a secret they are keeping, or one who is trying to atone for a past wrong. For example, a character might be haunted by the memory of an accident they caused, leading to a pervasive sense of 罪悪感 that affects their daily life.

Psychological discussions or self-help content in Japanese will also frequently use this term. When discussing mental well-being, coping mechanisms, or interpersonal relationships, the concept of managing or overcoming 罪悪感 is often addressed. Therapists might help patients understand the roots of their guilt and find ways to alleviate it.

Even in casual settings, like online forums or social media, people might share their feelings of guilt about minor transgressions, such as not studying enough for an exam or forgetting to call a relative. This shows that 罪悪感 is a universally understood human emotion, expressed in various degrees and contexts within Japanese society.

Media Examples
In manga and anime, characters often display visible signs of distress or internal monologues reflecting their 罪悪感 after making a morally ambiguous decision or causing harm.
Everyday Confessions
A common scenario is confessing to a close friend: 「あの時、本当のことを言えなくて、ずっと罪悪感を感じていたんだ。」 (Ano toki, hontō no koto o ienakute, zutto zaiakukan o kanjite itanda. - I couldn't tell the truth at that time, and I've been feeling guilty ever since.)

ドラマで、主人公が過去の過ちに対する罪悪感に苦しむシーンがよく描かれます。

One common mistake for learners is confusing 罪悪感 (zaiakukan) with related but distinct concepts. For instance, learners might overuse it when they simply feel embarrassed or ashamed of a minor social faux pas. While embarrassment can be a component of guilt, 罪悪感 specifically implies a sense of having committed a moral or ethical wrong.

Another potential pitfall is using 罪悪感 to describe feeling sorry for someone else's misfortune. If your friend is sad because they failed an exam, you would feel sympathy or pity, not 罪悪感. 罪悪感 is about one's own actions and their negative consequences, not about empathizing with another's suffering.

Learners might also struggle with the intensity of the word. While 罪悪感 can range from mild to severe, it generally carries a stronger connotation than simply saying you 'feel bad'. If you ate the last piece of cake and feel a little regret, you might say 「ちょっと後悔している」 (chotto kōkai shite iru - I regret it a little), rather than implying a deep sense of moral transgression with 罪悪感.

Furthermore, it's important to distinguish 罪悪感 from 責任感 (sekininkan - sense of responsibility). While a strong sense of responsibility can lead to 罪悪感 when one fails to meet expectations, they are not the same. 責任感 is about the duty to act, while 罪悪感 is the emotional response to failing that duty or acting against one's principles.

Finally, be mindful of the context. Using 罪悪感 in a very lighthearted or trivial situation might sound overly dramatic or insincere. For example, saying you have 罪悪感 for forgetting to buy milk might be perceived as an exaggeration unless there's a deeper reason or context. It's best reserved for situations where there's a genuine feeling of having done something wrong or harmful.

Confusing Guilt with Embarrassment
Mistake: Feeling embarrassed after tripping in public and calling it 罪悪感. Correction: This is more likely 恥ずかしさ (hazukashisa - embarrassment). 罪悪感 is for moral transgressions.
Confusing Guilt with Sympathy
Mistake: Saying 「友達が試験に落ちて、罪悪感を感じた」 (My friend failed the exam, so I felt guilt.) Correction: You would feel 同情 (dōjō - sympathy) or 悲しみ (kanashimi - sadness), not 罪悪感, as it's not your action.

「ちょっと遅刻しただけで罪悪感を感じる」というのは、少し大げさかもしれません。

While 罪悪感 (zaiakukan) is the most direct term for 'guilt' or 'sense of guilt', several other words and phrases can convey similar or related emotions, depending on the nuance you wish to express.

後悔 (kōkai): Regret
This is a very common word that signifies wishing you had done something differently. While guilt often stems from a moral transgression, regret can be about any action or inaction that led to an undesirable outcome, even if it wasn't morally wrong. For example, you might regret not studying harder for an exam, but you wouldn't necessarily feel 罪悪感 unless you felt you had wronged someone by not studying.

自責の念 (jiseki no nen): Self-blame; sense of self-reproach
This phrase is very close to 罪悪感 and often overlaps. It specifically refers to the feeling of blaming oneself for something that happened. It emphasizes the internal act of criticizing oneself for a mistake or failure. You might feel 自責の念 after failing to help someone, which is closely tied to 罪悪感.

心苦しい (kokorugurushii): To feel uneasy; to feel distressed; to feel bad
This adjective describes a feeling of unease or distress, often caused by having to do something unpleasant, or by the thought of causing trouble or pain to others. It's a broader term than 罪悪感. You might feel 心苦しい when you have to deliver bad news, even if it's not your fault. It can also be used to express discomfort about a situation where you feel you might be responsible for negative feelings in others.

良心の呵責 (ryōshin no kashaku): Pangs of conscience; remorse
This is a more formal and literary expression for the torment of conscience. It's very similar to 罪悪感 but often implies a deeper, more persistent internal struggle. It's used when someone is deeply troubled by their conscience due to a significant wrongdoing.

恥 (haji): Shame; embarrassment
As mentioned in common mistakes, 恥 is different from guilt. Shame is about feeling exposed or disgraced due to one's actions or perceived flaws, often in relation to social judgment. Guilt (罪悪感) is more about violating one's own moral code or causing harm, regardless of whether others know about it.

Comparison: 罪悪感 vs. 後悔
罪悪感 (Guilt): Focuses on the moral wrongness of an action and the feeling of having transgressed. Example: 「嘘をついた罪悪感で眠れなかった。」 (I couldn't sleep due to the guilt of lying.)
後悔 (Regret): Focuses on the undesirable outcome of an action or inaction and wishing it were different. Example: 「もっと勉強しなかったことを後悔している。」 (I regret not studying more.)
Comparison: 罪悪感 vs. 自責の念
罪悪感 (Guilt): The emotional state of having done wrong. Example: 「彼の罪悪感は消えなかった。」 (His guilt did not disappear.)
自責の念 (Self-blame): The act of blaming oneself. Example: 「彼女は自分を責める自責の念に囚われていた。」 (She was trapped by self-blame.)

「あの時、もっと親切にできたのに、心苦しいです。」

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The kanji 罪 (tsumi) itself has a long history, with ancient forms depicting a person being punished or suffering. The kanji 悪 (aku) also has ancient roots related to something being unpleasant or deformed. The combination powerfully conveys the negative and moralistic nature of the feeling.

발음 가이드

UK /zaɪ.ɑː.kʊ.kɑːn/
US /zaɪ.ɑː.ku.kɑːn/
No strong, distinct stress like in English. Pronounced with a relatively even flow.
라임이 맞는 단어
かん (kan) まん (man) さん (san) たん (tan) はん (han) あん (an) ばん (ban) らん (ran)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing the 'u' in 'aku' too strongly or too lightly.
  • Not clearly distinguishing the 'a' sounds.
  • Adding an unnatural pause between syllables.

난이도

독해 3/5

At B1 level, learners can understand the main points of texts on familiar matters. 罪悪感 appears in contexts related to personal mistakes and emotions, making it understandable when explained. Texts discussing psychology, literature, or personal narratives will often contain this word, making it accessible for B1 readers with context.

쓰기 3/5
말하기 3/5
듣기 3/5

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

間違い (machigai - mistake) 悪い (warui - bad) 悲しい (kanashii - sad) 後悔 (kōkai - regret) 責任 (sekinin - responsibility)

다음에 배울 것

自責の念 (jiseki no nen - self-blame) 良心の呵責 (ryōshin no kashaku - pangs of conscience) 背徳感 (haitoku kan - sense of immorality) 懺悔 (zange - confession, repentance)

고급

道徳 (dōtoku - morality) 倫理 (rinri - ethics) 内省 (naisei - introspection) 贖罪 (shokuzai - atonement)

알아야 할 문법

Using particles like を (o) and に (ni) with verbs expressing emotion.

罪悪感を感じる (to feel guilt), 罪悪感に苛まれる (to be tormented by guilt).

Using 〜こと (koto) to nominalize verbs and create phrases like 'guilt over doing something'.

嘘をついたことへの罪悪感 (zaiakukan - guilt over lying).

Using adjectival phrases to describe the intensity of guilt.

深い罪悪感 (fukai zaiakukan - deep guilt), 重い罪悪感 (omoi zaiakukan - heavy guilt).

Using potential and passive forms of verbs to describe experiencing or being affected by guilt.

罪悪感を感じられる (can feel guilt), 罪悪感にさいなまれている (is being tormented by guilt).

Using conjunctions to link actions and the resulting feelings of guilt.

約束を破ったので、罪悪感を感じた (Because I broke my promise, I felt guilty).

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수준별 예문

1

This level is too basic for this word.

2

This level is too basic for this word.

3

This level is too basic for this word.

4

This level is too basic for this word.

5

This level is too basic for this word.

6

This level is too basic for this word.

7

This level is too basic for this word.

8

This level is too basic for this word.

1

お菓子をこっそり食べた。ちょっと悪い気持ち。

I secretly ate a snack. I feel a little bad.

This uses a simpler phrase '悪い気持ち' (warui kimochi - bad feeling) instead of the specific term 罪悪感.

2

友達を待たせた。ごめんね。

I made my friend wait. I'm sorry.

Expresses a feeling of having done something wrong, but not necessarily using the word 罪悪感.

3

宿題を忘れた。先生に叱られるかも。

I forgot my homework. The teacher might scold me.

Focuses on the consequence rather than the internal feeling of guilt.

4

嘘をついた。本当のことを言えばよかった。

I lied. I wish I had told the truth.

Expresses regret, which is related but not identical to guilt.

5

みんなに迷惑をかけたかもしれない。

I might have caused trouble for everyone.

Expresses worry about causing inconvenience, a precursor to guilt.

6

約束を破った。相手は悲しんでいるだろう。

I broke my promise. The other person is probably sad.

Focuses on the other person's feelings.

7

ゲームをしすぎた。勉強しなかった。

I played games too much. I didn't study.

States the action and its consequence, implying a mild feeling of having done something wrong.

8

大切なものをなくしてしまった。どうしよう。

I lost something important. What should I do?

Expresses distress and worry over a mistake.

1

友達の秘密をうっかり話してしまい、罪悪感を感じている。

I accidentally told my friend's secret, and I feel guilty.

Uses 罪悪感 with a verb like 感じる (kanjiru - to feel).

2

約束の時間に遅れたことで、罪悪感から彼に謝り続けた。

Because I was late for our appointment, I kept apologizing to him out of guilt.

Shows 罪悪感 as a motivation for an action (apologizing).

3

親の期待に応えられず、罪悪感に苛まれていた。

I couldn't live up to my parents' expectations, and I was tormented by guilt.

Uses 罪悪感 with a strong verb like 苛まれる (saimaremeru - to be tormented by).

4

間違った判断をしてしまった。その罪悪感がずっと残っている。

I made a wrong decision. That guilt still remains.

Describes guilt as something that persists or remains.

5

彼は、自分が原因で友達が傷ついたことを知り、深い罪悪感を抱えた。

He learned that his friend was hurt because of him, and he bore a deep sense of guilt.

Uses 抱える (kakaeru - to bear/hold) with 罪悪感.

6

嘘をついたことを後悔しているが、それ以上に罪悪感が強い。

I regret lying, but the guilt is even stronger than that.

Compares 罪悪感 with 後悔 (kōkai - regret).

7

子供の頃、些細なことで親に隠し事をし、罪悪感を感じていた。

When I was a child, I hid things from my parents over trivial matters and felt guilty.

Places 罪悪感 in a past personal experience.

8

そのニュースを聞いて、自分にも何かできるのではないかという罪悪感が生まれた。

Hearing that news, a sense of guilt arose that perhaps I could do something too.

Shows 罪悪感 arising from awareness of a situation.

1

過ちを犯したことへの罪悪感が、彼の精神を蝕んでいた。

The guilt over having committed a mistake was eating away at his spirit.

Uses 罪悪感 in a more descriptive and psychological context.

2

彼女は、自分が助けられなかったことへの罪悪感から、ボランティア活動に身を投じた。

Driven by the guilt of not being able to help, she threw herself into volunteer work.

Shows guilt as a motivator for positive action.

3

その告白は、長年抱えていた罪悪感の重荷を下ろすための第一歩だった。

That confession was the first step towards unloading the heavy burden of guilt she had carried for years.

Uses metaphorical language (heavy burden) to describe 罪悪感.

4

子供の将来を考えず、自分の欲望を優先してしまった罪悪感は、今も消えない。

The guilt of prioritizing my own desires without considering my child's future still hasn't disappeared.

Discusses guilt related to parental responsibility and selfishness.

5

彼は、真実を隠蔽しようとしたことに対する罪悪感から、ついにすべてを打ち明けた。

Overcome by the guilt of trying to conceal the truth, he finally confessed everything.

Links 罪悪感 to a specific action (concealing truth) and its resolution.

6

社会的な成功の裏で、成功できなかった友人への罪悪感を感じていたという人もいる。

Some people say that behind their social success, they felt guilt towards friends who did not succeed.

Explores guilt in the context of social comparison and success.

7

その事件の報道を目にし、多くの人々が自分たちの無関心さに対する罪悪感を覚えた。

Seeing the news of the incident, many people felt guilt over their own indifference.

Guilt arising from inaction or indifference.

8

彼の作品は、登場人物が抱える複雑な罪悪感の描写に定評がある。

His works are renowned for their depiction of the complex guilt carried by the characters.

Discusses 罪悪感 in the context of art and literary analysis.

1

過去の選択に対する罪悪感は、しばしば自己認識の深化と内省の触媒となる。

The guilt over past choices often serves as a catalyst for deepening self-awareness and introspection.

Uses abstract language and discusses the psychological function of guilt.

2

世代間のトラウマや歴史的な過ちから生じる集合的な罪悪感は、社会的な和解のプロセスにおいて重要な課題である。

Collective guilt arising from intergenerational trauma or historical mistakes is a significant challenge in the process of social reconciliation.

Discusses collective guilt and its societal implications.

3

彼は、自身の成功が他者の犠牲の上に成り立っているのではないかという罪悪感に苦しみ、慈善活動に多額の寄付を行った。

He suffered from the guilt that his success might have been built upon the sacrifices of others, and made a large donation to charity.

Explores guilt related to success and perceived exploitation.

4

倫理的なジレンマに直面した際、個人の罪悪感と社会的な規範との間で葛藤が生じることがある。

When faced with ethical dilemmas, conflict can arise between an individual's sense of guilt and societal norms.

Discusses the interplay between personal guilt and social expectations.

5

その作家は、人間の本質に潜む罪悪感の多層的な構造を、巧みな筆致で描き出している。

The author vividly depicts the multi-layered structure of guilt inherent in human nature with skillful brushstrokes.

Analyzes guilt as a complex psychological construct in literature.

6

自己欺瞞によって罪悪感を無意識下に押し込めることは、長期的に見て精神衛生に悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。

Unconsciously suppressing guilt through self-deception can have adverse effects on mental health in the long term.

Discusses the psychological defense mechanisms against guilt.

7

戦争の悲劇を経験した世代が抱える罪悪感は、平和への希求を強くする一因となっている。

The guilt carried by generations who experienced the tragedies of war is one factor that strengthens the desire for peace.

Connects historical trauma and guilt to a desire for peace.

8

テクノロジーの進歩に伴い、新たな形の罪悪感、例えばデジタルデトックスができないことへの罪悪感などが生じている。

With the advancement of technology, new forms of guilt are emerging, such as guilt over not being able to perform digital detox.

Explores modern manifestations of guilt in the digital age.

1

その哲学者は、人間の存在論的孤独と、そこから派生する根源的な罪悪感の不可避性について論じた。

The philosopher argued about the existential loneliness of humans and the inevitability of fundamental guilt derived from it.

Discusses guilt in an existential philosophical context.

2

リビジョン主義的な歴史解釈は、しばしば、過去の権力者や支配階級が抱く罪悪感の表出、あるいはそれを回避しようとする試みとして分析される。

Revisionist historical interpretations are often analyzed as an expression of guilt held by past power holders or ruling classes, or an attempt to avoid it.

Analyzes historical narratives and their relation to guilt.

3

個人の道徳的責任の範囲を超えて、集団や組織に帰属することから生じる代理的な罪悪感のメカニズムは、社会心理学における重要な研究テーマである。

The mechanism of vicarious guilt, arising from belonging to a group or organization beyond the scope of individual moral responsibility, is an important research theme in social psychology.

Explores vicarious guilt and group psychology.

4

ポストコロニアル文学において、植民地支配の遺産として継承される罪悪感は、アイデンティティの再構築と抵抗の言説において中心的な役割を果たす。

In postcolonial literature, the guilt inherited as a legacy of colonial rule plays a central role in discourses of identity reconstruction and resistance.

Examines guilt in the context of postcolonial literature and identity.

5

現代社会における過剰な自己肯定感の奨励は、かえって、罪悪感や自己反省といった、人間的な成長に不可欠な感情の希薄化を招いているのではないかという懸念がある。

There is a concern that the promotion of excessive self-affirmation in modern society might, conversely, lead to the dilution of emotions essential for human growth, such as guilt and self-reflection.

Critiques modern societal trends in relation to guilt and self-reflection.

6

病理的な罪悪感、すなわち、客観的な根拠なく自己を過度に責め続ける状態は、うつ病や強迫性障害などの精神疾患の兆候となりうる。

Pathological guilt, that is, the state of excessively blaming oneself without objective grounds, can be a sign of mental illnesses such as depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Discusses pathological guilt and its connection to mental health conditions.

7

芸術療法における罪悪感の表出は、しばしば、言葉にならない感情を視覚的、触覚的な媒体を通して解放するプロセスと解釈される。

The expression of guilt in art therapy is often interpreted as a process of releasing ineffable emotions through visual and tactile media.

Analyzes the therapeutic use of expressing guilt through art.

8

自己犠牲の美徳が強調される文化においては、他者への配慮を怠った際に生じる罪悪感が、社会的な規範維持の強力なインセンティブとして機能する。

In cultures where the virtue of self-sacrifice is emphasized, the guilt that arises when failing to show consideration for others functions as a strong incentive for maintaining social norms.

Examines the role of guilt in maintaining social order in certain cultural contexts.

자주 쓰는 조합

罪悪感を感じる
罪悪感を抱える
罪悪感に苛まれる
深い罪悪感
重い罪悪感
罪悪感から逃れる
罪悪感に苦しむ
罪悪感を覚える
罪悪感の念
罪悪感に打ち勝つ

자주 쓰는 구문

罪悪感を感じる

— To feel guilt or a sense of guilt. This is the most direct and common way to express having this emotion.

約束を破ってしまったので、罪悪感を感じています。

罪悪感に苛まれる

— To be tormented or plagued by guilt. This implies a strong and persistent feeling of guilt that causes distress.

彼は過去の過ちに対する罪悪感に苛まれて、眠れない夜を過ごした。

罪悪感を抱える

— To carry or bear guilt. This suggests that the guilt is a significant burden that the person has to live with.

彼女は、子供を一人にしてしまった罪悪感を抱えて生きてきた。

深い罪悪感

— Deep guilt. Used to emphasize the intensity of the feeling of guilt.

その悲惨な事故の目撃者たちは、深い罪悪感を抱いた。

罪悪感から逃れる

— To escape from guilt. This refers to attempts to get rid of the feeling of guilt, often through confession or atonement.

彼は、罪悪感から逃れるために、すべてを打ち明けることにした。

罪悪感に苦しむ

— To suffer from guilt. Similar to being tormented, this emphasizes the pain and distress caused by guilt.

彼の行動は、彼自身が罪悪感に苦しむ結果となった。

罪悪感の念

— A sense or feeling of guilt. A slightly more formal or literary way to express guilt.

彼の顔には、隠しきれない罪悪感の念が浮かんでいた。

罪悪感に打ち勝つ

— To overcome guilt. This refers to the process of dealing with and moving past feelings of guilt.

彼女は、前向きな行動を通して罪悪感に打ち勝つことを目指した。

重い罪悪感

— Heavy guilt. Used to describe a significant and burdensome feeling of guilt.

その秘密を守り続けることで、彼は重い罪悪感を感じていた。

罪悪感にさいなまれる

— To be tormented or tortured by guilt. A very strong expression for intense and persistent guilt.

彼は、犯した罪に対する罪悪感にさいなまれ、精神的に追い詰められていた。

자주 혼동되는 단어

罪悪感 vs 後悔 (kōkai - regret)

While both involve negative feelings about past actions, 罪悪感 is specifically about moral wrongdoing, while 後悔 can be about any undesirable outcome, even if not morally wrong. You can regret not studying, but feel guilt for lying.

罪悪感 vs 恥 (haji - shame/embarrassment)

Shame is often about social perception and feeling exposed or disgraced, whereas guilt (罪悪感) is more about violating one's own moral code or causing harm, regardless of whether others know.

罪悪感 vs 心苦しい (kokorugurushii - uneasy/distressed)

This is a broader term for feeling uneasy or bad, often about causing trouble. It can include guilt but also other feelings of discomfort or sympathy.

관용어 및 표현

"胸に手を当てる"

— Literally 'to place a hand on one's chest'. While not directly meaning guilt, it can imply introspection, self-reflection, or even a hidden conscience, which is related to the internal struggle of guilt. Someone might do this when feeling uneasy or contemplating their actions.

彼が何か言いにくそうに胸に手を当てたとき、何か後ろめたいことがあるのだと思った。

neutral
"顔に書いてある"

— Literally 'written on one's face'. This idiom refers to something being obvious from someone's expression. It can be used to describe someone's guilt being evident.

彼の顔には、嘘をついた罪悪感がはっきりと書いてあった。

informal
"腹を痛める"

— Literally 'to hurt one's stomach'. This idiom means to feel deep sympathy or concern for someone's suffering, or to worry greatly about something. While not directly guilt, it can be related to feeling distressed about the negative impact of one's actions on others.

自分のせいで友達が傷ついたことを知り、彼は腹を痛めた。

neutral
"背徳感"

— This is a related concept meaning 'sense of immorality' or 'transgression'. It's not a direct idiom but a word that often accompanies or leads to 罪悪感. It describes the feeling of acting against moral principles.

禁断の果実を味わうような背徳感があった。

neutral
"良心の呵責"

— As mentioned before, this means 'pangs of conscience' or 'remorse'. It's a more formal phrase that is closely related to 罪悪感.

彼の行動は、良心の呵責に耐えかねて、ついに告白に至った。

formal
"罪の意識にさいなまれる"

— To be tormented by a sense of sin/guilt. This is a strong idiomatic expression for severe guilt.

彼は、犯した罪の意識にさいなまれて、精神的に追い詰められていた。

formal
"後ろめたい気持ち"

— A guilty feeling or a feeling of shame. This is an informal way to describe a sense of guilt.

こっそりお菓子を食べたので、後ろめたい気持ちになった。

informal
"飼い犬に手を噛まれる"

— Literally 'to be bitten by one's own dog'. This idiom means to be betrayed by someone you trusted or helped. While it describes betrayal, the feeling of betrayal can lead to guilt for the betrayer, or a sense of injustice for the betrayed.

自分が信頼していた部下に裏切られ、まさに飼い犬に手を噛まれたような気分だった。

neutral
"顔に泥を塗る"

— Literally 'to smear mud on one's face'. This idiom means to disgrace oneself or one's family/group. The person doing this might feel guilt or shame.

彼の不祥事は、家族の顔に泥を塗るような行為だった。

neutral
"胸を痛める"

— Literally 'to hurt one's chest'. This idiom means to feel deep sorrow, sympathy, or distress, often about someone else's suffering. It can be related to guilt if one feels responsible for that suffering.

子供たちが苦しんでいるのを見て、親は胸を痛めた。

neutral

혼동하기 쉬운

罪悪感 vs 後悔

Both relate to negative feelings about past actions and can sometimes overlap in meaning.

罪悪感 (guilt) focuses on the moral wrongness of an action and the feeling of having transgressed one's conscience or ethical standards. It implies a sense of responsibility for having done something bad. 後悔 (regret), on the other hand, focuses on the undesirable outcome of an action or inaction and the wish that it had been different, regardless of whether it was morally wrong. You can regret a bad investment (no moral issue), but you feel guilt for lying to a friend.

嘘をついた<strong>罪悪感</strong>で眠れなかった。(I couldn't sleep due to the guilt of lying.) vs. もっと勉強しなかったことを<strong>後悔</strong>している。(I regret not studying more.)

罪悪感 vs 恥

Both involve negative self-perception and can be triggered by similar actions.

罪悪感 (guilt) is primarily an internal feeling of having violated one's own moral code or caused harm. It's about knowing you did something wrong. 恥 (shame/embarrassment) is more about how one is perceived by others and the feeling of disgrace or social exposure. While guilt can lead to shame, they are distinct. You might feel guilt for stealing, and shame if you are caught and publicly disgraced for it.

友達の秘密を漏らしてしまい、<strong>罪悪感</strong>を感じた。(I leaked my friend's secret and felt guilt.) vs. 公衆の面前で転んでしまい、<strong>恥ずかしかった</strong>。(I fell in front of everyone and was embarrassed.)

罪悪感 vs 自責の念

These terms are very closely related and often used interchangeably.

罪悪感 (guilt) is the overall emotional state of having done wrong, encompassing remorse, shame, and a sense of responsibility. 自責の念 (self-blame/self-reproach) specifically refers to the act of blaming oneself for the wrongdoing. It's the internal criticism and self-condemnation that often accompanies guilt. You can feel guilt (罪悪感) and then engage in self-blame (自責の念) as a part of processing that guilt.

彼は自分の過ちに対する<strong>罪悪感</strong>に苦しんでいた。(He was suffering from guilt over his mistake.) He also felt intense <strong>自責の念</strong>. (He also felt intense self-blame.)

罪悪感 vs 心苦しい

Both express a feeling of distress or discomfort related to one's actions or their consequences.

罪悪感 (guilt) is a specific emotion tied to a moral or ethical transgression – knowing you've done something wrong. 心苦しい (kokorugurushii) is a broader term meaning 'to feel uneasy', 'to feel distressed', or 'to feel bad'. You might feel 心苦しい when you have to deliver bad news, even if it's not your fault, or when you feel you are inconveniencing others. Guilt is a subset or a strong form of 心苦しい, but 心苦しい doesn't always imply moral wrongdoing.

あなたに迷惑をかけてしまい、<strong>心苦しい</strong>です。(I feel bad/uneasy because I caused you trouble.) vs. 嘘をついた<strong>罪悪感</strong>で眠れませんでした。(I couldn't sleep due to the guilt of lying.)

罪悪感 vs 反省

Both involve reflecting on past actions and acknowledging mistakes.

罪悪感 (guilt) is an emotional state of remorse and self-condemnation resulting from wrongdoing. 反省 (hansei) is the process of reflection, review, and self-examination of one's actions, often with the aim of learning from mistakes and improving. While reflecting (反省) can lead to feelings of guilt (罪悪感), and dealing with guilt often involves reflection, they are not the same. One is the feeling, the other is the mental process.

彼は自分の過ちを深く<strong>反省</strong>した。(He deeply reflected on his mistakes.) The <strong>罪悪感</strong> that followed was immense. (The guilt that followed was immense.)

문장 패턴

B1

〜て、罪悪感を感じる。

嘘をつい<strong>て</strong>、<strong>罪悪感を感じる</strong>。

B1

〜ことへの罪悪感

約束を破っ<strong>たことへの罪悪感</strong>。

B1/B2

罪悪感に苛まれる

彼は過去の過ち<strong>に罪悪感に苛まれて</strong>いる。

B2

〜という罪悪感

自分だけ助かった<strong>という罪悪感</strong>。

B2

罪悪感から〜する

<strong>罪悪感から</strong>、彼はすべてを告白した。

B2/C1

〜ことへの深い罪悪感

友達を裏切っ<strong>たことへの深い罪悪感</strong>。

C1

罪悪感の念に駆られる

彼は<strong>罪悪感の念に駆られ</strong>、眠れない夜を過ごした。

C1

〜という罪悪感を抱える

自分だけ幸せでいる<strong>という罪悪感を抱える</strong>。

어휘 가족

명사

罪 (tsumi - sin, crime, fault)
悪 (aku - evil, badness, sin)
感 (kan - feeling, sense)

관련

罪悪感がある (zaiakukan ga aru - to have guilt)
罪悪感を感じる (zaiakukan o kanjiru - to feel guilt)
罪悪感に苛まれる (zaiakukan ni saimaremeru - to be tormented by guilt)
罪悪感を抱える (zaiakukan o kakaeru - to bear guilt)
罪悪感から逃れる (zaiakukan kara nogareru - to escape guilt)
무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

frequency

Common, especially in contexts involving mistakes, moral transgressions, or emotional distress.

자주 하는 실수
  • Confusing 罪悪感 with embarrassment (恥ずかしさ). → 罪悪感 is for moral wrongdoing, while 恥ずかしさ is for social awkwardness or disgrace.

    Learners might say they feel 罪悪感 for tripping in public, when the correct term would be 恥ずかしさ (embarrassment). 罪悪感 implies a violation of one's own moral code or causing harm, not just social awkwardness.

  • Using 罪悪感 when feeling sympathy for someone else. → Use words like 同情 (dōjō - sympathy) or 悲しみ (kanashimi - sadness) when feeling bad for someone else's misfortune.

    It's incorrect to say you feel 罪悪感 because your friend failed an exam. You would feel sympathy for them, not guilt, as the action wasn't yours. 罪悪感 is about one's own perceived wrongdoing.

  • Overusing 罪悪感 for minor regrets. → For minor wishes that things were different, use 後悔 (kōkai - regret) or simply say you feel a little bad.

    Saying you feel profound 罪悪感 for forgetting to buy milk might sound overly dramatic. Use it for actions that genuinely transgress moral or ethical boundaries, or for more significant mistakes.

  • Confusing 罪悪感 with a sense of responsibility (責任感). → 責任感 is the duty to act; 罪悪感 is the feeling of remorse for failing that duty or acting against principles.

    While a strong sense of responsibility can lead to guilt if unmet, 責任感 itself is about obligation, whereas 罪悪感 is the emotional consequence of failing that obligation or acting immorally. They are related but distinct concepts.

  • Using 罪悪感 to describe physical discomfort. → Physical discomfort is described with other words like 腹痛 (fukutsu - stomach ache) or 頭痛 (zutsu - headache).

    Sometimes, intense emotional distress like guilt can manifest physically, but 罪悪感 itself is an emotional state, not a physical ailment. It's important not to use it to describe literal stomach pain or headaches.

팁

Distinguish from Regret

Remember that 罪悪感 (guilt) is about moral transgression, while 後悔 (regret) is about wishing things were different. You feel 罪悪感 for lying, but regret not studying.

Even Syllable Stress

Pronounce 罪悪感 (zaiakukan) with relatively even stress on each syllable. Avoid strong emphasis on any one part, and ensure clear pronunciation of each sound, especially the 'a's and the final 'n'.

Visual Association

Visualize a heavy sack labeled 'BAD DEEDS' (悪) that you are forced to carry, causing you immense discomfort. This visual can help link the kanji elements to the feeling of guilt.

Cultural Nuance

In Japan, where social harmony is valued, 罪悪感 can be strongly felt even for minor social transgressions that might cause others inconvenience or distress. Be mindful of this emphasis on collective well-being.

Common Verb Pairings

The most common verbs used with 罪悪感 are 感じる (kanjiru - to feel), 抱える (kakaeru - to bear/hold), and 苛まれる (saimaremeru - to be tormented by). Practice using these combinations.

Use in Writing

When writing, describe the physical or mental manifestations of guilt (e.g., sleepless nights, avoiding eye contact) to make the emotion more tangible for the reader.

Broader vs. Specific

Understand that 心苦しい (kokorugurushii) is broader (uneasy/distressed), while 罪悪感 is specific to moral transgression. Use them appropriately based on the nuance.

Kanji Breakdown

Break down the word into its kanji: 罪 (sin/crime), 悪 (evil/bad), 感 (feeling). This helps understand the core meaning: the feeling of sin or evil.

Sentence Creation

Write sentences describing hypothetical scenarios where characters feel 罪悪感, focusing on different reasons and intensities of the emotion.

Embrace the Emotion

Learning about 罪悪感 helps understand human psychology and social dynamics. Don't shy away from this complex emotion; understanding it enriches your language proficiency and cultural awareness.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine a person carrying a heavy 'ZAI' (like a sack) filled with 'AKU' (evil things), and they have a 'KAN' (can) on their head that's about to fall off due to the weight. This image represents the heavy feeling of guilt (罪悪感) from bad deeds.

시각적 연상

Picture a scale where one side is 'GOOD DEEDS' and the other is 'BAD DEEDS'. If the 'BAD DEEDS' side is heavily weighed down, the person feels 罪悪感. Or, imagine a dark cloud labeled '罪悪感' hanging over someone's head after they've done something wrong.

Word Web

Guilt Remorse Shame Conscience Wrongdoing Mistake Regret Responsibility

챌린지

Try to use 罪悪感 in three sentences describing hypothetical situations where someone might feel guilty, focusing on different reasons for the guilt.

어원

The word 罪悪感 is a compound word formed from three kanji: 罪 (tsumi), 悪 (aku), and 感 (kan). 罪 (tsumi) means 'sin', 'crime', or 'fault'. 悪 (aku) means 'evil', 'badness', or 'wickedness'. 感 (kan) means 'feeling' or 'sense'.

원래 의미: The literal meaning is 'feeling of sin/evil' or 'sense of badness'. It conveys the idea of feeling the weight of one's own wrongdoing.

Sino-Japanese (Kanji compound)

문화적 맥락

When discussing 罪悪感, be mindful that it's a deeply personal and often painful emotion. Avoid trivializing it or using it lightly. In cross-cultural communication, understand that the intensity and expression of guilt can differ. What might cause significant 罪悪感 in one culture might be perceived differently in another.

In English-speaking cultures, 'guilt' is also a fundamental emotion, but its expression and the social weight attached to it can vary. While personal responsibility is valued, the emphasis on group harmony and avoiding 'loss of face' might be less pronounced than in Japan. The expression of guilt can be more direct or sometimes more internalized depending on the specific cultural background.

The character Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky's 'Crime and Punishment' famously grapples with profound guilt after committing murder, a literary exploration of guilt that resonates across cultures. In Japanese literature, many characters in works by authors like Natsume Soseki or modern manga artists often face internal struggles with guilt stemming from past actions or societal pressures. The concept of 'wabi-sabi' in Japanese aesthetics, which embraces imperfection and transience, can indirectly relate to the acceptance of human flaws and the potential for guilt, though it's not a direct association.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Personal Confession

  • ごめん、あの時嘘をついて<strong>罪悪感</strong>を感じていた。
  • 約束を破ってしまって、<strong>罪悪感</strong>に苛まれています。
  • 自分のせいで彼が傷ついたことを知り、<strong>罪悪感</strong>を抱きました。

Psychological Discussions

  • 彼は過去の過ちに対する<strong>罪悪感</strong>に苦しんでいる。
  • <strong>罪悪感</strong>は自己成長のきっかけになることもある。
  • <strong>罪悪感</strong>を乗り越えるためには、まず自分を許すことが大切だ。

Literary/Dramatic Narratives

  • 主人公は、長年抱え続けた<strong>罪悪感</strong>から解放されようとしていた。
  • その小説は、登場人物たちの複雑な<strong>罪悪感</strong>を巧みに描いている。
  • 彼の表情には、隠しきれない<strong>罪悪感</strong>が滲み出ていた。

Ethical Dilemmas

  • その状況では、<strong>罪悪感</strong>と義務感の間で葛藤した。
  • 倫理的な判断は、しばしば<strong>罪悪感</strong>を伴う。
  • 彼は、自分の行動が引き起こすであろう<strong>罪悪感</strong>を恐れていた。

Self-Reflection

  • もっと早く行動すればよかったという<strong>罪悪感</strong>がある。
  • あの時、彼に優しくできなかった<strong>罪悪感</strong>が消えない。
  • 自分のエゴのために誰かを傷つけた<strong>罪悪感</strong>を感じる。

대화 시작하기

"Have you ever felt a strong sense of guilt about something you did?"

"What do you think is the difference between guilt and regret?"

"How do you cope with feelings of guilt?"

"Can guilt be a positive emotion in any way?"

"In your culture, how important is it to confess when you feel guilty?"

일기 주제

Describe a time you felt 罪悪感. What happened, and how did you deal with it? What did you learn from the experience?

Imagine a character in a story who is burdened by immense 罪悪感. What might have caused it, and how do you think they would try to find peace?

Reflect on the concept of collective guilt. Are there situations where a group or nation might feel 罪悪感 for past actions?

How does the feeling of 罪悪感 influence your decision-making process? Do you try to avoid actions that might lead to guilt?

Write a short story where the main character must confront their 罪悪感 to achieve personal growth or resolve a conflict.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

The most direct translation of 罪悪感 (zaiakukan) is 'guilt' or 'sense of guilt'. It refers to the feeling of remorse and shame that arises from having committed a wrong or immoral act.

No, 罪悪感 can range in intensity. While it can certainly apply to serious transgressions, it can also be felt for minor mistakes or perceived wrongdoings, such as lying to a friend, breaking a promise, or causing inconvenience to others. The intensity depends on the action and the individual's moral compass.

罪悪感 (guilt) is specifically about the moral wrongness of an action and the feeling of having transgressed one's conscience or ethical standards. 後悔 (regret) is a broader feeling of wishing an action or inaction had been different, regardless of whether it was morally wrong. You can regret not studying, but feel guilt for cheating on a test.

While guilt itself is an unpleasant emotion, the capacity to feel 罪悪感 can be seen as a sign of a healthy conscience and moral awareness. It can motivate individuals to apologize, make amends, and learn from their mistakes, ultimately leading to personal growth and stronger relationships. In this sense, the underlying moral compass that generates guilt can be considered positive.

Expressing 罪悪感 can vary. Some might confess directly, apologize sincerely, or try to make amends through actions. In Japanese culture, there's also an emphasis on introspection and bearing one's guilt internally. Literary and dramatic works often explore characters grappling with profound 罪悪感. The way it's dealt with depends on the individual and the severity of the transgression.

Yes, very common phrases include 罪悪感を感じる (zaiakukan o kanjiru - to feel guilt), 罪悪感に苛まれる (zaiakukan ni saimaremeru - to be tormented by guilt), and 罪悪感を抱える (zaiakukan o kakaeru - to bear guilt). Adjectives like 深い (fukai - deep) or 重い (omoi - heavy) are often used to describe the intensity.

While related, guilt (罪悪感) and shame (恥 - haji) are distinct. Guilt is about knowing you did something wrong. Shame is more about feeling disgraced or exposed in the eyes of others due to your actions or perceived flaws. You can feel guilt privately, but shame often involves social judgment.

No, 罪悪感 is not 'sin' itself, but the feeling or sense of guilt that arises from sin, wrongdoing, or a transgression. The kanji 罪 (tsumi) means 'sin' or 'crime', so it's related, but 罪悪感 refers to the emotional response.

後ろめたい (ushirogtai) is a more informal adjective meaning 'feeling guilty' or 'having something to feel guilty about'. It's often used for minor or subtle feelings of guilt or shame. 罪悪感 is a more formal noun that encompasses a deeper and more significant sense of guilt and remorse.

Try creating sentences describing situations where someone might feel guilty, like lying, breaking a promise, or causing harm. Use common phrases like 罪悪感を感じる and try to describe the intensity with adjectives like 深い (deep) or 重い (heavy).

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