Talking About Future Plans (ㄹ/을 거예요)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -ㄹ/을 거예요 after a verb stem to express future plans or intentions.
- If the verb stem ends in a vowel, add -ㄹ 거예요 (e.g., 가다 -> 갈 거예요).
- If the verb stem ends in a consonant, add -을 거예요 (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹을 거예요).
- If the stem ends in 'ㄹ', just add -거예요 (e.g., 만들다 -> 만들 거예요).
Overview
Mastering (으)ㄹ 거예요 is fundamental for expressing future events, intentions, and predictions in Korean at an A1 level. This pattern is the primary and most adaptable way to discuss the future in polite informal speech (해요체). It allows you to articulate personal plans, make assumptions about future situations, or inquire about others' intentions.
This single Korean structure encompasses meanings that English typically conveys with "will," "is going to," or "is likely to," without requiring you to differentiate between these nuances.
Fundamentally, (으)ㄹ 거예요 is a compound structure. It consists of the future attributive form (으)ㄹ, which attaches to a verb stem, followed by the dependent noun 거 (a shortened form of 것, meaning "thing" or "fact"), and concluded by the polite copula 예요 ("to be"). For instance, 갈 거예요 (from 가다 – to go) literally translates to "It is the thing that I will go," which, while unnatural in English, perfectly captures a future intention or prediction in Korean.
This grammatical construction is a cornerstone of polite communication in daily Korean interactions.
Conjugation Table
| Verb Type | Dictionary Form | Stem | Polite Informal (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | Casual (해체) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :------------------- | :------------------- | :---------- | :---------------------------------- | :--------------------------------- | :-------------------------------- | ||
| Vowel Ending | 가다 (to go) |
가 |
갈 거예요 (gal geoyeyo) |
갈 겁니다 (gal geomnida) |
갈 거야 (gal geoya) |
||
보다 (to see) |
보 |
볼 거예요 (bol geoyeyo) |
볼 겁니다 (bol geomnida) |
볼 거야 (bol geoya) |
|||
| Consonant Ending | 먹다 (to eat) |
먹 |
먹을 거예요 (meogeul geoyeyo) |
먹을 겁니다 (meogeul geomnida) |
먹을 거야 (meogeul geoya) |
||
읽다 (to read) |
읽 |
읽을 거예요 (ilgeul geoyeyo) |
읽을 겁니다 (ilgeul geomnida) |
읽을 거야 (ilgeul geoya) |
|||
ㄹ Ending |
만들다 (to make) |
만들 |
만들 거예요 (mandeul geoyeyo) |
만들 겁니다 (mandeul geomnida) |
만들 거야 (mandeul geoya) |
||
살다 (to live) |
살 |
살 거예요 (sal geoyeyo) |
살 겁니다 (sal geomnida) |
살 거야 (sal geoya) |
|||
ㄷ Irregular |
듣다 (to listen) |
듣 |
들을 거예요 (deureul geoyeyo) |
들을 겁니다 (deureul geomnida) |
들을 거야 (deureul geoya) |
||
걷다 (to walk) |
걷 |
걸을 거예요 (georeul geoyeyo) |
걸을 겁니다 (georeul geomnida) |
걸을 거야 (georeul geoya) |
|||
ㅂ Irregular |
춥다 (to be cold) |
춥 |
추울 거예요 (chuul geoyeyo) |
추울 겁니다 (chuul geomnida) |
추울 거야 (chuul geoya) |
||
돕다 (to help) |
돕 |
도울 거예요 (douul geoyeyo) |
도울 겁니다 (douul geomnida) |
도울 거야 (douul geoya) |
|||
ㅅ Irregular |
낫다 (to heal) |
낫 |
나을 거예요 (na'eul geoyeyo) |
나을 겁니다 (na'eul geomnida) |
나을 거야 (na'eul geoya) |
||
짓다 (to build) |
짓 |
지을 거예요 (ji'eul geoyeyo) |
지을 겁니다 (ji'eul geomnida) |
지을 거야 (ji'eul geoya) |
|||
ㅎ Irregular |
빨갛다 (to be red) |
빨갛 |
빨갈 거예요 (ppalgal geoyeyo) |
빨갈 겁니다 (ppalgal geomnida) |
빨갈 거야 (ppalgal geoya) |
||
| (Adjectives) | 하얗다 (to be white) |
하얗 |
하얄 거예요 (hayal geoyeyo) |
하얄 겁니다 (hayal geomnida) |
하얄 거야 (hayal geoya) |
How This Grammar Works
(으)ㄹ 거예요 operates by forming a nominalized phrase that describes a future action or state. This entire phrase then functions as the subject of the polite copula 예요. The particle (으)ㄹ is an attributive form, meaning it modifies the dependent noun 거 (or 것).(으)ㄹ particle specifically marks the preceding verb stem as referring to a future event, a speaker's intention, or a prediction.먹을 거예요 (먹다 – to eat) literally conveys "it is the thing of (me) eating (in the future)." This underlying conceptual framework clarifies why (으)ㄹ 거예요 feels natural for conveying both a speaker's firm intention (e.g., "I will eat") and an objective prediction (e.g., "It will probably rain"). The 해요체 ending 예요 maintains a respectful yet approachable tone, making it suitable for a wide range of everyday interactions, from casual conversations with friends to polite exchanges with strangers or colleagues. The flexibility of this nominalized construction is what allows (으)ㄹ 거예요 to express such a broad spectrum of future-oriented meanings.Formation Pattern
(으)ㄹ 거예요 requires a precise sequence of steps, primarily determined by the final sound of the verb stem. This process, often called a "batchim check," is fundamental in Korean conjugation and applies to many other grammar rules you will learn.
가다 for "to go," 읽다 for "to read") and removing the final 다. The remaining part is your verb stem (가, 읽).
ㄹ 거예요 directly to the stem. The ㄹ is directly appended.
자다 (to sleep) → stem 자 → 잘 거예요 (I will sleep).
공부하다 (to study) → stem 공부하 → 공부할 거예요 (I will study).
을 거예요 after the stem. The 으 acts as a linking vowel, making pronunciation smoother.
찾다 (to find) → stem 찾 → 찾을 거예요 (I will find).
받다 (to receive) → stem 받 → 받을 거예요 (I will receive).
ㄹ Irregular Verbs: If the verb stem already ends in ㄹ (e.g., 살다, 만들다), this existing ㄹ itself functions as the future tense modifier. You do not add another ㄹ or 을. Instead, you directly attach 거예요 to the ㄹ-ending stem.
팔다 (to sell) → stem 팔 → 팔 거예요 (I will sell).
놀다 (to play) → stem 놀 → 놀 거예요 (I will play).
ㄷ Irregular Verbs: When a verb stem ending in ㄷ is followed by a vowel (such as the 으 in 을), the ㄷ changes to ㄹ. This is a crucial sound change.
묻다 (to ask) → stem 묻 + 을 거예요 → 물을 거예요 (I will ask).
ㅂ Irregular Verbs: When a verb stem ending in ㅂ is followed by a vowel, the ㅂ changes to ㅜ. For the verb 돕다 (to help), the ㅂ changes to ㅗ instead.
덥다 (to be hot) → stem 덥 + 을 거예요 → 더울 거예요 (It will be hot).
돕다 (to help) → stem 돕 + 을 거예요 → 도울 거예요 (I will help).
ㅅ Irregular Verbs: When a verb stem ending in ㅅ is followed by a vowel, the ㅅ drops entirely.
잇다 (to connect) → stem 잇 + 을 거예요 → 이을 거예요 (I will connect).
ㅎ Irregular (for Adjectives): For descriptive verbs (adjectives) ending in ㅎ, especially color adjectives, the ㅎ often drops, and the preceding vowel undergoes a change when followed by (으)ㄹ 거예요.
까맣다 (to be black) → stem 까맣 + 을 거예요 → 까말 거예요 (It will be black).
When To Use It
(으)ㄹ 거예요 is your primary and most versatile tool for communicating about the future in nearly all everyday Korean contexts. Its flexibility stems from its ability to convey both a speaker's intention and a general prediction.- Expressing Personal Plans or Intentions: This is its most frequent and direct application. When you are discussing something you will do or are going to do,
(으)ㄹ 거예요is the natural and idiomatic choice. It signifies a pre-existing plan or a decision you have already made. 저는 다음 주에 여행을 갈 거예요.(I am going to travel next week.)내일 오후에 친구를 만날 거예요.(I will meet a friend tomorrow afternoon.)이번 주말에 한국 드라마를 볼 거예요.(I will watch a Korean drama this weekend.)
- Making Predictions about Future Events: You can use this pattern to forecast something that is likely to happen, particularly when it is beyond your direct control, such as weather conditions or general circumstances. This usage implies a reasonable expectation or likelihood based on available information.
내일은 날씨가 좋을 거예요.(The weather will be good tomorrow.)그 식당은 줄이 길을 거예요.(That restaurant will have a long line.)이 책은 정말 재미있을 거예요.(This book will be really interesting.)
- Asking About Others' Plans or Predictions: It is also routinely used in questions to inquire about what someone else intends to do or what they anticipate will happen. The interrogative form maintains the same structure with a rising intonation.
오늘 저녁에 뭐 할 거예요?(What are you going to do this evening?)주말에 어디 갈 거예요?(Where are you going on the weekend?)시험이 어려울 거예요?(Will the exam be difficult?)
- Describing Adjectives in the Future: When applied to descriptive verbs (adjectives),
(으)ㄹ 거예요typically expresses a prediction or expectation about a future state or quality. This allows you to comment on how something will be in the future. 겨울에는 날씨가 추울 거예요.(The weather will be cold in winter.)파티가 정말 재미있을 거예요.(The party will be really fun.)새 집이 깨끗할 거예요.(The new house will be clean.)
When Not To Use It
(으)ㄹ 거예요 is highly versatile, certain contexts call for alternative future-oriented expressions. Using (으)ㄹ 거예요 in these situations might sound unnatural, ambiguous, or even impolite.- For Immediate, Reactive Promises or Intentions (use
(으)ㄹ게요): If your action is a direct, spontaneous response to something someone said, or a promise made on the spot specifically to accommodate another person,(으)ㄹ게요is generally the more appropriate choice.(으)ㄹ 거예요implies a pre-existing plan, not a reactive, listener-oriented promise. For example, if someone asks you to close the door, saying문을 닫을 거예요implies you had already planned to close it, rather than responding to their request. - Incorrect for a reactive promise:
제가 도와줄 거예요.(I will help you. - when responding to a request) - Correct for a reactive promise:
제가 도와줄게요.(I will help you. - as a response/promise to the listener)
- For Strong, Formal Declarations of Will or Determination (use
(으)ㄹ 겁니다or겠습니다): In very formal settings, such as public speeches, official announcements, or written reports,(으)ㄹ 겁니다(the formal declarative form of(으)ㄹ 거예요) or겠습니다(often conveying a stronger sense of speaker's will or respectful intention) are more fitting.(으)ㄹ 거예요can sound too casual or personal in such contexts, even though it's polite. - In a CEO's speech:
저희 회사는 더욱 성장할 겁니다.(Our company will grow even further.) - In a formal presentation:
다음 프로젝트는 성공적으로 마무리하겠습니다.(We will successfully conclude the next project.)
- To Describe Actions Currently in Progress:
(으)ㄹ 거예요refers strictly to the future. It is incorrect to use it to describe an action you are doing right now. For ongoing actions, you must use the present progressive pattern(으)고 있어요. - Incorrect:
지금 밥을 먹을 거예요.(unless you specifically mean "I'm going to eat now" as a newly made intention) - Correct:
지금 밥을 먹고 있어요.(I am eating right now.)
- To Express Only Intention or the 'Process of Planning' (use
(으)려고 하다): While(으)ㄹ 거예요can imply intention, if your goal is to emphasize the act of intending or being about to do something – focusing on the mental state of planning or preparation rather than the future event itself –(으)려고 하다is more precise. This pattern highlights the speaker's aim or attempt. 한국에 가려고 해요.(I am intending to go to Korea.) - emphasizes the planning or aspiration.한국에 갈 거예요.(I will go to Korea.) - emphasizes the future event itself as a plan or prediction.
Common Mistakes
(으)ㄹ 거예요. Awareness of these common errors and their underlying reasons can significantly enhance your accuracy and fluency.- Incorrect Spacing: A very common mistake is to write
갈거예요or먹을거예요without a space. The correct form always places a space between(으)ㄹand거예요(e.g.,갈 거예요,먹을 거예요). This is because거is a dependent noun (short for것), and in Korean, dependent nouns are separated from the preceding modifying clause. While native speakers might omit this space in informal texting, it is crucial for correct writing and clarity in all other contexts.
- Confusing with
(으)ㄹ게요: This is arguably the most frequent and impactful error. Learners often use(으)ㄹ 거예요when(으)ㄹ게요is required, leading to miscommunication about the nature of their future action. Remember:(으)ㄹ 거예요conveys a pre-determined plan or a general prediction, while(으)ㄹ게요indicates a spontaneous intention or promise made in consideration of the listener's situation or request. Using(으)ㄹ 거예요instead of(으)ㄹ게요in a responsive situation can make your reply sound unresponsive or even mildly dismissive.
- Misapplication of Irregular Verbs: The
ㄷ,ㅂ, andㅅirregulars, along withㄹ-ending stems, are constant sources of error. A key point to remember is that these stems change their form before a vowel sound. Failing to correctly apply these changes (e.g.,듣다to들을 거예요instead of들을 거예요, or춥다to추울 거예요instead of추울 거예요) will result in grammatically incorrect and unnatural Korean.
- Double
ㄹwithㄹEnding Stems: Learners sometimes incorrectly add을 거예요to verb stems that already end inㄹ, creating forms like만들을 거예요(incorrect) instead of the correct만들 거예요. Recall that forㄹ-ending stems (like만들), the existingㄹitself fulfills the role of the future modifier, so no additional을is needed.
- Using for Present Actions: While
(으)ㄹ 거예요can indicate an immediate intention ("I'm going to eat now"), it is distinct from describing an action currently underway ("I am eating now"). Confusing these leads to awkward phrasing.지금 잘 거예요means "I am going to sleep now," implying a decision just made or about to be acted upon, not "I am sleeping right now," which requires지금 자고 있어요.
- Overuse in Very Formal Contexts: Although
(으)ㄹ 거예요is polite, in highly formal situations (e.g., job interviews, public announcements, academic presentations),(으)ㄹ 겁니다or겠습니다demonstrate greater formality and respect. Relying exclusively on(으)ㄹ 거예요in such contexts might subtly undermine your perceived professionalism or formality.
Memory Trick
To easily recall when to use ㄹ 거예요 versus 을 거예요, focus on the phonetic flow and visual cues associated with Korean syllables:
- Vowel Endings (No Batchim): Use ㄹ 거예요
- Imagine a verb stem ending in a smooth, open vowel sound, like the mouth staying open. The ㄹ consonant, both visually and phonetically, has a fluid, flowing quality. It flows easily and smoothly after an open vowel sound.
- Think of 가 (ga) → 갈 (gal). The ㄹ seamlessly attaches, creating a natural, unbroken sound flow. The ㄹ literally "fills" the open space left by the vowel ending.
- Consonant Endings (With Batchim): Use 을 거예요
- Now, imagine a verb stem ending in a consonant (batchim), which creates a more closed or stopped sound, like your mouth briefly closing. The 으 in 을 acts as a crucial linking vowel. Its open sound helps to unblock or open up the syllable after the closed consonant, allowing for a smooth transition to the ㄹ sound.
- Think of 먹 (meok) → 먹을 (meogeul). The 으 provides that necessary phonetic bridge, making it much easier to pronounce the ㄹ after the ㄱ consonant. It's like adding a small, open syllable to prevent a harsh collision of sounds.
So, remember: Vowels flow directly into ㄹ, while consonants need the 으 to open the way for ㄹ.
Real Conversations
(으)ㄹ 거예요 is an indispensable part of Korean daily life, appearing in everything from casual chats to formal communications. Understanding its application across different speech styles (해체, 해요체, 하십시오체) is vital for natural interaction.
1. Casual Conversation (해체 - (으)ㄹ 거야):
This form is used with close friends, family members, or those younger than you. The 예요 is dropped to form 거야, making it more intimate and less formal.
- Scenario: Two friends discussing dinner plans via text.
- A: 저녁 뭐 먹을 거야? (What are you gonna eat for dinner?)
- B: 음... 그냥 집에서 라면 먹을 거야. (Hmm... I'm just gonna eat ramyeon at home.)
- A: 나도 같이 먹을까? (Should I eat with you too?)
- B: 좋아! 그럼 7시에 와. (Okay! Then come at 7.)
2. Polite Informal Conversation (해요체 - (으)ㄹ 거예요):
This is the standard and most frequently used form for general polite interactions. It’s suitable for acquaintances, colleagues, service providers, or anyone you wish to address respectfully without being overly formal. It's common in both questions and statements, and frequently appears in professional emails or social media posts aimed at a general audience.
- Scenario: Two colleagues discussing a new task at work.
- A: 이 서류를 언제까지 제출할 거예요? (By when will you submit this document?)
- B: 내일까지 준비해서 제출할 거예요. (I will prepare and submit it by tomorrow.)
- A: 네, 알겠습니다. 회의는 다음 주에 있을 거예요. (Yes, understood. The meeting will be next week.)
- Scenario: A shop assistant speaking to a customer.
- 손님, 이 제품은 다음 달에 신상이 나올 거예요. (Customer, a new model of this product will come out next month.)
- 결제는 여기서 도와드릴 거예요. (I will help you with the payment here.)
3. Formal Conversation (하십시오체 - (으)ㄹ 겁니다):
This highly formal style is reserved for specific situations: public addresses, news broadcasts, military commands, or when addressing individuals of significantly higher status to convey utmost respect. It carries a strong, definitive, and often somewhat impersonal tone.
- Scenario: A news reporter delivering a weather forecast.
- 내일 서울 지역은 맑을 것이며, 기온은 20도에 이를 겁니다. (Tomorrow, the Seoul area will be clear, and the temperature will reach 20 degrees Celsius.)
- 정부는 새로운 정책을 발표할 겁니다. (The government will announce a new policy.)
- Scenario: A company executive addressing employees.
- 저의 역할은 프로젝트의 성공에 최선을 다할 겁니다. (My role will be to do my utmost for the success of the project.)
- 저희는 고객 만족을 위해 끊임없이 노력할 겁니다. (We will continuously strive for customer satisfaction.)
Contrast With Similar Patterns
(으)ㄹ게요vs.(으)ㄹ 거예요(으)ㄹ 거예요: Expresses a pre-planned intention (speaker-centric) or a general prediction (objective). The speaker has decided to do something or is predicting an event regardless of the listener's immediate situation.제가 내일 병원에 갈 거예요.(I will go to the hospital tomorrow. – This is my existing plan, irrespective of your current situation.)내일 비가 올 거예요.(It will rain tomorrow. – A prediction.)(으)ㄹ게요: Expresses a speaker's intention or promise made specifically in response to the listener's situation or request. It implies that the speaker's action is conditional on, or takes into account, the listener. It's always about the speaker's action and often carries a nuance of offering or volunteering.- A:
커피 좀 갖다 줄 수 있어요?(Can you bring some coffee?) - B:
네, 제가 갖다 드릴게요.(Yes, I will bring it for you. – A promise in direct response to your request.) 제가 먼저 할게요.(I'll do it first. – An offer or statement of intent considering the listener.)
겠다vs.(으)ㄹ 거예요(으)ㄹ 거예요: This is the most common and neutral future tense for plans and predictions in polite informal speech. It states future facts or intentions without strong emotional emphasis.저녁을 먹을 거예요.(I will eat dinner.)겠다: This pattern is more complex, expressing two primary meanings:
- 1Strong will/determination (often formal): It indicates a very firm intention, resolve, or commitment, frequently used in formal settings, pledges, or official statements.
최선을 다하겠습니다.(I will do my very best. – Very strong determination, formal.)
- 1Speaker's conjecture/supposition: Used to express the speaker's immediate feeling, guess, or strong deduction about a current or future state. It often implies a high degree of certainty or empathy about someone else's condition.
배고프겠어요.(You must be hungry. – Speaker's guess about listener's state.)맛있겠다!(That looks delicious! – Immediate impression/prediction, often with an exclamatory nuance.)
(으)려고 하다vs.(으)ㄹ 거예요(으)ㄹ 거예요: Focuses primarily on the future event or action itself as a plan or prediction. It describes what will happen or what the speaker will do.밥을 먹을 거예요.(I will eat / I am going to eat.) – The concrete act of eating in the future.(으)려고 하다: Emphasizes the speaker's intention, aim, or the process of being about to do something. It highlights the mental state of planning, trying, or preparing, rather than solely the future outcome.밥을 먹으려고 해요.(I intend to eat / I am trying to eat.) – The intention or the attempt to eat, focusing on the speaker's mental commitment.
(으)려고 하다 often implies a stronger focus on the speaker's mental commitment or the preparatory phase, whereas (으)ㄹ 거예요 is more about the concrete future outcome.Progressive Practice
To solidify your understanding of (으)ㄹ 거예요, actively practice conjugating verbs and applying the pattern in various contexts. Pay close attention to the batchim rules and the irregular verbs.
1. Conjugate the following verbs into the polite informal (으)ㄹ 거예요 form:
- 마시다 (to drink) → ______________
- 닫다 (to close) → ______________
- 돕다 (to help) → ______________
- 낫다 (to heal) → ______________
- 쉽다 (to be easy) → ______________
- 빨갛다 (to be red) → ______________
2. Translate the following sentences into Korean using (으)ㄹ 거예요:
- I will buy clothes. → ______________________
- My younger sibling will come. → ______________________
- It will be difficult. → ______________________
- When will you come? → ______________________
- My friend will teach Korean. → ______________________
3. Identify and correct the mistake in each sentence (if any), explaining why:
- 내일은 날씨가 좋을거예요. → ______________________
- 저는 숙제를 할게요. (If it's a pre-planned, non-responsive statement) → ______________________
- 지금 텔레비전을 볼 거예요. (If describing an action already in progress) → ______________________
(Answers: 1. 마실 거예요, 닫을 거예요, 도울 거예요, 나을 거예요, 쉬울 거예요, 빨갈 거예요. 2. 저는 옷을 살 거예요. 제 동생이 올 거예요. 어려울 거예요. 언제 올 거예요? 제 친구가 한국어를 가르칠 거예요. 3. 내일은 날씨가 좋을 거예요. (Incorrect spacing for dependent noun 거). 저는 숙제를 할 거예요. (Use (으)ㄹ 거예요 for a pre-planned action, not (으)ㄹ게요 which implies a response/offer to the listener). 지금 텔레비전을 보고 있어요. ((으)고 있어요 is for actions in progress; (으)ㄹ 거예요 is for future intentions or predictions).
Quick FAQ
(으)ㄹ 거예요.- Q: Can
(으)ㄹ 거예요be used with adjectives?
Yes, absolutely. When (으)ㄹ 거예요 is attached to an adjective, it expresses a prediction or expectation about a future state or quality. For example, 날씨가 좋을 거예요. (The weather will be good/nice.) or 시험이 어려울 거예요. (The exam will be difficult.) This allows you to comment on how something will be in the future.
- Q: What is the most casual version of
(으)ㄹ 거예요?
The most casual form is (으)ㄹ 거야. You simply drop the 예요 ending and replace it with 야. This is used exclusively with close friends, family members, or individuals younger than you, signaling a very informal and intimate relationship. Example: 밥 먹을 거야. (I'm gonna eat.)
- Q: How do I ask a question using
(으)ㄹ 거예요?
The grammatical structure remains exactly the same. You transform a statement into a question simply by raising your intonation at the end of the sentence. In writing, you add a question mark. Example: 내일 올 거예요? (Will you come tomorrow?) or 뭐 할 거예요? (What will you do?)
- Q: Does
(으)ㄹ 거예요mean "will" or "going to"?
It covers both "will" and "going to." Unlike English, Korean does not typically make a direct grammatical distinction between these two concepts. (으)ㄹ 거예요 functions as a general, versatile expression for the future, encompassing both spontaneous decisions and pre-existing plans or predictions.
- Q: Why is there a space between
(으)ㄹand거예요?
There must be a space because 거 is a dependent noun (a shortened form of 것, meaning "thing" or "fact"). In Korean grammar, dependent nouns (의존 명사) are always separated by a space from the preceding modifying clause or phrase. The (으)ㄹ part modifies 거, and 예요 then attaches to this noun phrase. For example, 갈 거예요 breaks down to "[thing of going] is."
- Q: Is
(으)ㄹ 거예요always used for the future?
Predominantly, yes, especially for A1 learners. Its core function is to express future intentions or predictions. However, in very specific and nuanced advanced contexts, it can express a strong supposition, logical deduction, or high probability about a present or even past event, especially when the speaker is extremely confident in their inference. For beginners, it's best to firmly understand it as a primary future tense marker.
- Q: What about
ㅎirregular adjectives like빨갛다(to be red)?
For many ㅎ irregular descriptive verbs (adjectives), when they are followed by a vowel-initial ending (like (으)ㄹ 거예요), the ㅎ drops, and the preceding vowel changes. For example, 빨갛다 becomes 빨갈 거예요 (빨갛 + 을 거예요 → 빨개 + ㄹ 거예요 → 빨갈 거예요). This is a specific sound change rule that needs to be memorized for these adjectives.
Future Tense Conjugation
| Verb | Stem | Ending | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
|
가다
|
가
|
ㄹ 거예요
|
갈 거예요
|
|
먹다
|
먹
|
을 거예요
|
먹을 거예요
|
|
하다
|
하
|
ㄹ 거예요
|
할 거예요
|
|
읽다
|
읽
|
을 거예요
|
읽을 거예요
|
|
만들다
|
만들
|
거예요
|
만들 거예요
|
|
자다
|
자
|
ㄹ 거예요
|
잘 거예요
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Short Form |
|---|---|
|
갈 거예요
|
갈 거야
|
|
먹을 거예요
|
먹을 거야
|
Meanings
This grammar expresses a future plan, intention, or a prediction about the future.
Future Intention
Expressing what you plan to do.
“내일 공부할 거예요.”
“주말에 영화를 볼 거예요.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Stem + ㄹ/을 거예요
|
갈 거예요
|
|
Negative (Short)
|
안 + Stem + ㄹ/을 거예요
|
안 갈 거예요
|
|
Negative (Long)
|
Stem + 지 않을 거예요
|
가지 않을 거예요
|
|
Question
|
Stem + ㄹ/을 거예요?
|
갈 거예요?
|
|
Irregular (ㄹ)
|
Stem + 거예요
|
만들 거예요
|
|
Irregular (ㄷ)
|
Stem + 을 거예요
|
들을 거예요
|
Formality Spectrum
갈 것입니다. (General)
갈 거예요. (General)
갈 거야. (General)
갈게. (General)
Future Tense Logic
Vowel
- 가다 to go
Consonant
- 먹다 to eat
ㄹ-Ending
- 살다 to live
Examples by Level
내일 학교에 갈 거예요.
I will go to school tomorrow.
저녁을 먹을 거예요.
I will eat dinner.
한국어를 공부할 거예요.
I will study Korean.
영화를 볼 거예요.
I will watch a movie.
내일은 비가 올 거예요.
It will rain tomorrow.
안 갈 거예요.
I will not go.
뭐 할 거예요?
What will you do?
친구를 만날 거예요.
I will meet a friend.
다음 주에 여행을 갈 거예요.
I am going on a trip next week.
그 책을 읽지 않을 거예요.
I will not read that book.
내일 몇 시에 올 거예요?
What time will you come tomorrow?
그는 내일 올 거예요.
He will come tomorrow.
이번 프로젝트를 끝낼 거예요.
I am going to finish this project.
그가 말한 대로 할 거예요.
I will do as he said.
내일은 날씨가 좋을 거예요.
The weather will be good tomorrow.
어디서 살 거예요?
Where are you going to live?
그는 내일 도착할 거예요.
He is expected to arrive tomorrow.
우리는 곧 결정을 내릴 거예요.
We will make a decision soon.
그녀는 아마 안 올 거예요.
She probably won't come.
이것은 큰 변화를 가져올 거예요.
This will bring about a big change.
그가 과연 성공할 거예요?
Will he really succeed?
우리는 이 문제를 해결할 거예요.
We are going to resolve this issue.
그녀는 내일 떠날 거예요.
She will be leaving tomorrow.
결국 모든 것이 잘 될 거예요.
Everything will turn out fine in the end.
Easily Confused
Both express future, but -겠어요 is more about intention/conjecture.
Learners mix 'want to' with 'will'.
Using present for future.
Common Mistakes
먹다을 거예요
먹을 거예요
가을 거예요
갈 거예요
안 갈을 거예요
안 갈 거예요
갈 거예요요
갈 거예요
먹을 거에요
먹을 거예요
갈 거예요?
갈 거예요?
안 먹을 거예요
안 먹을 거예요
만들을 거예요
만들 거예요
듣을 거예요
들을 거예요
살을 거예요
살 거예요
가겠을 거예요
갈 거예요
Sentence Patterns
저는 내일 ___을/를 할 거예요.
주말에 ___에 갈 거예요.
내일은 ___이/가 올 거예요.
저는 ___를 먹을 거예요.
Real World Usage
내일 뭐 해? 공부할 거야.
열심히 일할 것입니다.
이거 먹을 거예요.
제주도에 갈 거예요.
내일 운동할 거예요! #운동
곧 도착할 거예요.
Drop the '다'
Spelling
Contractions
Politeness
Smart Tips
Always check the dictionary form and remove '다' first.
Use the contraction '거야' only with close friends.
Use '올 거예요' for rain/snow.
Combine with time markers like '내일' or '다음 주'.
Pronunciation
ㄹ/을
The 'ㄹ' sound is a liquid consonant, often sounding like a mix of 'l' and 'r'.
Rising
갈 거예요? ↑
Questioning tone.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Remember 'ㄹ' is for 'Light' (vowels) and '을' is for 'Heavy' (consonants).
Visual Association
Imagine a calendar with a big red 'X' on a future date. You are pointing at it and saying '거예요' (It is the thing I will do).
Rhyme
Vowel ends in ㄹ, consonant ends in 을, future plans are done so well!
Story
I look at my calendar. I see 'Study' (공부). I add 'ㄹ 거예요'. Now I have a plan. I see 'Eat' (먹). I add '을 거예요'. Now I have dinner plans.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 3 sentences about what you will do tomorrow in 5 minutes.
Cultural Notes
Using the future tense is a sign of commitment. Koreans value planning.
Similar usage, but slightly more formal vocabulary.
Often mixed with English verbs in casual speech.
Derived from the noun '것' (thing) and the copula '이다' (to be).
Conversation Starters
내일 뭐 할 거예요?
주말에 어디 갈 거예요?
다음 달에 한국에 갈 거예요?
내년에 무엇을 배울 거예요?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
내일 학교에 ___.
저녁을 ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
내일 공부다할 거예요.
내일 / 갈 / 거예요 / 학교에
케이크를 ___.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
갈 거예요 -> ?
내일 ___.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises내일 학교에 ___.
저녁을 ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
내일 공부다할 거예요.
내일 / 갈 / 거예요 / 학교에
케이크를 ___.
자다 -> ?
갈 거예요 -> ?
내일 ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises오늘 밤에 영화를 ____.
내일 책을 읽 거예요.
만날 / 친구를 / 거예요 / 내일
I will study.
음악을 ____.
Match these:
운동을 ____.
나는 일찍 잘 거예요 (to a close friend).
It will be cold (춥다).
Are you going to buy this?
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
No, it is strictly for future plans or predictions.
Just add '거예요'. For example, '살다' becomes '살 거예요'.
No, it is a common spelling mistake. Use '거예요'.
Just use a question mark and rising intonation: '갈 거예요?'
It is neutral-polite. For very formal settings, use '것입니다'.
Yes, for predictions: '그는 올 거예요' (He will come).
'-겠어요' is more formal or implies stronger intent.
Yes, often shortened to '거야'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ir a + infinitive
Korean uses a nominalized verb form.
aller + infinitive
Korean is more flexible with non-motion verbs.
werden + infinitive
Korean uses a suffix.
～つもりです
Korean is more common for predictions.
سـ / سوف
Korean is a suffix-based language.
要
Korean requires conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
Future Reporting: I heard they will... (ㄹ/을 거라고)
Overview When you need to convey what someone else said they **will** do, or what you yourself thought **would** happen...
Korean Future Uncertainty: Whether to... (-(으)ㄹ지)
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Poetic Will: I Shall... (-으리라)
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Past Tense: Did you do it? (았/었/였)
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Identifying the Verb Stem (어간)
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Present Tense: The Polite 'Yo' Style (아/어/여요)
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