Adding Reasons with '再说' (zàishuō)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use {再说|zàishuō} to add an additional, often secondary, reason or argument to support your previous statement.
- Place {再说|zàishuō} at the start of the second clause: 'Statement A. 再说, Statement B.'
- It implies the second reason is an afterthought or an extra piece of evidence.
- It is primarily used in spoken, informal, or semi-formal contexts.
Overview
In Mandarin Chinese, expressing causality and managing conversational flow requires a nuanced toolkit. 再说 (zàishuō) is a crucial conjunction for B2 learners to master, serving two distinct but related functions. Its primary role is to introduce an additional, often more compelling or conclusive reason, similar to "besides," "furthermore," or "on top of that." Its second, equally common function is to postpone a decision or defer a conversation, akin to saying "we'll see" or "let's talk about that later." Understanding 再说 is not just about learning a new word; it's about grasping a common strategy in Chinese communication for making persuasive arguments and gracefully navigating social interactions.
Literally translating to "again say" or "say again," the logic of 再说 stems from this core meaning. When adding a reason, you are metaphorically "saying again" with more evidence to bolster your point. When postponing, you are literally suggesting to "say again" at a future, unspecified time.
While frequently used to provide negative reasons or make excuses, 再说 is fundamentally neutral and can be used to stack up positive points as well. It is a staple of informal, spoken Chinese, and its correct usage will make your speech sound significantly more natural and strategic.
How This Grammar Works
再说 (zàishuō) operates on a principle of subjective emphasis. Unlike neutral connectors that simply list information, 再说 assigns a heavier weight to the clause it introduces. This makes it a powerful tool in rhetoric and daily conversation.再说 signals that the upcoming point is more significant than what was previously mentioned. It acts as a final nail in the coffin for an argument. Think of it as a hierarchy of reasons.再说 to make your position unassailable. The reason following 再说 is often the speaker's true, primary motivation, while the first reason may serve as a polite or more obvious opening.- 我不想去逛街,天气太热了,再说我也没钱了。
- (I don't want to go shopping; the weather is too hot, and besides, I'm out of money.)
再说, is presented as the definitive, non-negotiable factor. It shuts down any potential counterarguments like "we can go to an indoor mall." The structure implies that even if the weather were perfect, the lack of money would still prevent you from going.再说 provides a polite and idiomatic way to defer it. In this usage, it often functions as a complete response and is frequently softened with the particle 吧 (ba), making it a suggestion: 再说吧 (zàishuō ba).- A: 我们圣诞节假期去哪儿玩?
- B: 现在离圣诞节还早呢,到时候再说吧。
再说吧 is a softer 'no' that leaves the door open for future possibilities.先...再说... (xiān... zàishuō...) pattern, which establishes a prerequisite. It means "First accomplish A, and only then will we consider B." For example: 你先把作业写完再说。 (Finish your homework first, then we'll talk [about you playing games]).Formation Pattern
再说 (zàishuō) follows two primary structural patterns corresponding to its two main functions. Mastering these patterns is straightforward.
先...再说... structure.
先...再说 pattern to advise someone to focus on the prerequisite step before worrying about future steps. |
When To Use It
再说 (zàishuō) into your active vocabulary for several key situations that go beyond textbook examples.再说 when you are trying to be persuasive. It's not just for listing facts neutrally; it’s for winning a debate or convincing someone of your viewpoint. When you sense that your first reason might not be strong enough, deploy 再说 to introduce your most powerful point.- 别买这件大衣了,质量一般,再说你已经有三件黑色大衣了。
- (Don't buy this coat. The quality is so-so, and besides, you already own three black coats.)
再说 is the true, subjective one. This allows the speaker to be diplomatic before stating the blunter truth.- 今天我不能参加聚会了,我还有很多工作没做完,再说我也不太想见到他。
- (I can't come to the party today, I still have a lot of work to finish, and to be honest, I don't really want to see him.)
再说吧 (zàishuō ba) is an essential tool for conversational management. It's the perfect response when asked about sensitive topics like salary, relationship status, or future plans you're not ready to discuss. It allows you to maintain control over the conversation without creating awkwardness or conflict.- (At a family gathering) Aunt: 你工资多少啊? (How much is your salary?)
- You: 哎呀,这个嘛……以后再说吧。 (Oh, well... let's not talk about that now.)
先...再说...:- 先别管好不好吃,先把饭做熟再说。
- (Don't worry about whether it's delicious or not yet; let's just focus on getting the food cooked first.)
Common Mistakes
再说 (zàishuō) with other connectors or by misjudging its tone. Here are the most common errors and how to avoid them.再说 with 而且 (érqiě)而且 adds parallel information, while 再说 adds a reason of greater subjective importance.再说 for a 'clincher' argument; use 而且 for a 'not only... but also' structure. |再说 appropriate. Intelligence and hard work are parallel positive traits, fitting 而且. |以后再说吧. | Cannot be used to postpone. {以后而且吧} is grammatically impossible. | This is a clear-cut rule. Only 再说 has the function of deferring an action or conversation. |再说 with 另外 (lìngwài) or 还有 (hái yǒu)还有(hái yǒu): This is a simple conjunction for listing items, like "and also." It connects nouns or clauses without adding argumentative weight. Use it for simple enumeration:我喜欢苹果、香蕉,还有葡萄。.再说connects reasons, not a grocery list.另外(lìngwài): This means "in addition" or "separately" and is used to introduce a different, often unrelated, point or topic.再说reinforces the same point.- Correct
另外Usage: 请把这份报告发给经理。另外,帮我预订一个会议室。 (Please send this report to the manager. Additionally, help me book a conference room.) The two tasks are separate.再说would be incorrect here.
吧 (ba)以后再说 (yǐhòu zàishuō) is grammatically correct but can sound blunt and dismissive, as if you are shutting the other person down. Adding 吧 (ba) to form 以后再说吧 (yǐhòu zàishuō ba) softens the tone considerably, turning a curt statement into a polite, collaborative suggestion. Unless you intend to be dismissive, it is almost always better to include 吧.Real Conversations
Here is how 再说 (zàishuō) appears in natural, everyday contexts among native speakers.
Scenario 1
- A: 周末去新开的那家密室逃脱怎么样?听说超好玩!
(zhōumò qù xīn kāi dì nà jiā mìshì táotuō zěnme yàng? tīng shuō chāo hǎowán!)
(How about going to that new escape room this weekend? I heard it's super fun!)
- B: 我周末可能得加班... 再说我对密室逃脱一直不太感冒。咱们还是去吃火锅吧!
(wǒ zhōumò kěnéng děi jiābān... zàishuō wǒ duì mìshì táotuō yīzhí bù tài gǎnmào. zánmen háishì qù chī huǒguō ba!)
(I might have to work overtime this weekend... and besides, I've never been a big fan of escape rooms. Let's just go for hotpot instead!)
Scenario 2
- Manager: 关于这个新功能的用户界面,我们今天需要拿出最终方案吗?
(guānyú zhège xīn gōngnéng de yònghù jièmiàn, wǒmen jīntiān xūyào ná chū zuìzhōng fāng'àn ma?)
(Regarding the UI for this new feature, do we need to finalize the plan today?)
- Team Lead: 我觉得不急。先把主要的功能逻辑跑通了再说。界面设计可以下周再细化。
(wǒ juédé bù jí. xiān bǎ zhǔyào de gōngnéng luójí pǎo tōngle zàishuō. jièmiàn shèjì kěyǐ xià zhōu zài xìhuà.)
(I don't think it's urgent. Let's get the main function logic working first, and then we can deal with that. We can refine the UI design next week.)
Scenario 3
- Parent: 你毕业后是打算考研还是直接工作?想好没有?
(nǐ bìyè hòu shì dǎsuàn kǎoyán háishì zhíjiē gōngzuò? xiǎng hǎo méiyǒu?)
(After you graduate, are you planning to go to grad school or find a job? Have you decided?)
- Student: 哎呀,离毕业还一年呢。现在考虑这个太早了,再说我还没想好呢。到时候再说吧。
(āiyā, lí bìyè hái yī nián ne. xiànzài kǎolǜ zhège tài zǎole, zàishuō wǒ hái méi xiǎng hǎo ne. dàoshíhòu zàishuō ba.)
(Oh, graduation is still a year away. It's too early to think about that, and besides, I haven't made up my mind yet. Let's talk about it when the time comes.)
Quick FAQ
再说 (zàishuō) only be used for negative reasons or excuses?No, this is a common misconception. 再说 is neutral. It can effectively be used to add compelling positive reasons. For example: 你应该接受这个offer,公司平台好,薪水也高,再说他们还给解决户口。 (You should accept this offer; it's a great company platform, the salary is high, and besides, they'll sponsor your residence permit.)
再说 (zàishuō) and 再说了 (zàishuōle)?Adding the particle 了 (le) often injects a tone of finality, slight impatience, or emphasis that the reason should be obvious. It implies "and that's that." For example: 别劝我了,我真的不想去。再说了,我们票都还没买呢! (Stop persuading me, I really don't want to go. And besides, we haven't even bought tickets yet!)
再说 start a sentence?Yes, but only when it's functioning as a direct response to a statement that provides the initial context. For example, if Friend A says, "I'm so tired," Friend B can immediately reply, "再说外面还下着大雨呢,我们今天别出门了。" ("Besides, it's pouring rain outside. Let's not go out today.") You cannot use 再说 to initiate a brand new topic out of the blue.
再说? What are its formal equivalents?再说 is characteristic of informal, spoken Chinese (口语 - kǒuyǔ). While acceptable in most daily written communication like texting or social media, it is generally avoided in formal, academic, or official writing. More formal alternatives for adding a reason include 此外 (cǐwài - besides, in addition) and 其次 (qícì - secondly). For postponing, a formal way might be 此事待议 (cǐ shì dài yì - This matter will be discussed later).
先 A 再说 pattern the same as 先 A 再 B?They are similar but distinct. 先 A 再 B (xiān A zài B) means "first do A, then do B," indicating a simple chronological sequence. 先 A 再说 (xiān A zàishuō) means "first do A, and then we'll decide about other things (like B)." It emphasizes that A is a prerequisite, and the subsequent action (B) is not yet certain or needs to be discussed only after A is complete. The focus of 再说 is on deferring the decision about B.
Sentence Structure
| Clause 1 | Connector | Clause 2 |
|---|---|---|
|
Reason A
|
再说
|
Reason B
|
Meanings
Used to introduce an additional reason or argument, often to justify a decision or opinion already mentioned.
Additive Reason
Adding a supplementary reason to support a previous claim.
“这件衣服太贵了,再说,颜色也不好看。”
“我不想看电影,太累了,再说,明天还要早起。”
Postponement
Literally 'talk again later' (different grammatical usage).
“这件事以后再说吧。”
“我们明天再说。”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
A, 再说, B
|
太贵了,再说,也不好用。
|
|
Negative
|
A, 再说, 不B
|
我不去,再说,也不想去。
|
Formality Spectrum
我不想去,况且我有其他安排。 (Declining an invitation)
我不想去,而且我有其他安排。 (Declining an invitation)
我不想去,再说,我有事儿。 (Declining an invitation)
不去,再说,没空。 (Declining an invitation)
Reason Stacking
Reason 1
- 太贵 Too expensive
Connector
- 再说 Plus
Reason 2
- 不好看 Ugly
Examples by Level
我不买,太贵了,再说,不好看。
I'm not buying it, it's too expensive, plus, it doesn't look good.
我不去,太远了,再说,我没时间。
I'm not going, it's too far, plus, I don't have time.
这辆车太旧了,再说,修理费也很贵。
This car is too old, plus, the repair costs are also high.
我们不能现在走,雨太大了,再说,路也堵了。
We can't leave now, the rain is too heavy, plus, the road is jammed.
Easily Confused
Both mean 'also'.
Common Mistakes
再说我不想去。
我不想去,再说,我没时间。
再说,这件衣服很好看。
这件衣服很便宜,再说,也很好看。
他很聪明,再说,他很有钱。
他很聪明,而且他很有钱。
再说,此举不妥。
此举不妥,况且...
Sentence Patterns
___, 再说, ___.
Real World Usage
我不去了,再说,太累了。
这游戏太难,再说,也不好玩。
我不适合这个职位,再说,我没有经验。
别住这里,太吵了,再说,也不干净。
别点这家,太慢了,再说,也不好吃。
我不想看书,再说,我也没时间。
Use it for excuses
Don't use in essays
Pair it with '太...了'
Politeness
Smart Tips
Use '再说' to soften the refusal.
Stack your reasons.
Use it to justify not buying.
Use it to explain choices.
Pronunciation
Tone change
Zài (4th) + Shuō (1st). Keep the 4th tone sharp.
List intonation
Reason 1 (pause) 再说 (pause) Reason 2
Shows you are thinking of reasons.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Zai' (again) + 'Shuo' (speak). You are speaking again to add more info.
Visual Association
Imagine a person holding a heavy box (Reason 1) and then adding a second, smaller box (Reason 2) on top of it.
Rhyme
Reason one, then Reason two, add 'Zai-Shuo' to get you through.
Story
Xiao Wang is asked to go to a party. He says: 'I have work (Reason 1). 再说, I am tired (Reason 2).' He successfully avoids the party.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 3 sentences today using '再说' to explain why you aren't doing something.
Cultural Notes
Very common in daily life to avoid direct confrontation.
Derived from the verb 'to speak again'.
Conversation Starters
为什么你不喜欢那部电影?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
我不买,太贵了,___,不好看。
他很聪明,___他很帅。
Find and fix the mistake:
再说,我不想去。
太远 / 我 / 不去 / 再说 / 了
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
这很贵。这也不好用。
A: 我们去看电影吧? B: ___
Is '再说' used in formal writing?
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises我不买,太贵了,___,不好看。
他很聪明,___他很帅。
Find and fix the mistake:
再说,我不想去。
太远 / 我 / 不去 / 再说 / 了
我不买这件衣服...
这很贵。这也不好用。
A: 我们去看电影吧? B: ___
Is '再说' used in formal writing?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercises{A: 周末有什么安排? B: 还没想好,____。|A: Zhōumò yǒu shé me ānpái? B: Hái méi xiǎng hǎo, ____.}
{我先吃完饭,____去学习。|Wǒ xiān chī wán fàn, ____ qù xuéxí.}
{他不但很帅,再说也很有钱。|Tā bùdàn hěn shuài, zàishuō yě hěn yǒu qián.}
{吧 / 我们 / 以后 / 这件 / 事 / 再说|ba / wǒmen / yǐhòu / zhè jiàn / shì / zàishuō}
This is too expensive; besides, I don't really need it.
A: {你毕业以后打算做什么?|Nǐ bìyè yǐhòu dǎsuàn zuò shénme?} (What do you plan to do after graduation?)
Match the pairs.
{A: 要不要一起创业? B: 让我考虑一下,____。|A: Yào bùyào yīqǐ chuàngyè? B: Ràng wǒ kǎolǜ yīxià, ____.}
Let's eat first, then we'll talk.
{我不想结婚。再说,我还没有男朋友。|Wǒ bùxiǎng jiéhūn. Zàishuō, wǒ hái méiyǒu nán péngyǒu.}
{这个地方风景很美,____交通也很方便。|Zhège dìfāng fēngjǐng hěn měi, ____ jiāotōng yě hěn fāngbiàn.}
Score: /11
FAQ (8)
Usually no. It needs a preceding clause to add to.
No, it is quite informal.
'而且' adds info; '再说' adds justification.
Yes, but it's more common for negative ones.
It can be, but here it is a conjunction.
Use '再做'.
Yes, it is standard Mandarin.
Only if they are informal.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
además
Spanish is more formal.
en plus
None.
außerdem
German is more versatile.
それに
None.
بالإضافة إلى ذلك
Register.
而且
Justification vs Addition.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
Advanced Causality: So... That (以致, 致使, 从而)
Overview Mastering advanced causal connectors is a hallmark of the C2 level, allowing you to articulate complex cause-a...
Doing two things at once (一边...一边)
Overview In Chinese, expressing two actions occurring simultaneously is a fundamental aspect of clear communication. The...
Using `虽然...但是` (suīrán...dànshì) to Say "Although... But..."
Overview The Chinese conjunction pair `虽然...但是` (`suīrán...dànshì`) is a fundamental structure for expressing contra...
Casual 'If' in Chinese: Using 要是 (yàoshi)
Overview The ability to discuss conditions—"if this, then that"—is fundamental to any language. In Chinese, the concept...
As Soon As... Then... (一...就...)
Overview The structure **`一...就...` (yī...jiù...)** is one of the most fundamental and high-frequency patterns in Man...