B2 · 中高级 章节 1

Professional Comparisons and Proportions

3 总规则
31 例句
4 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of professional comparison and proportional reasoning in Korean.

  • Compare two entities using formal structures.
  • Describe proportional relationships in professional settings.
  • Express dependencies between factors and outcomes.
Speak with precision, reason with logic.

你将学到什么

Hey there! In this chapter, you're going to pick up some super useful Korean skills for comparing things and talking about how different elements relate to each other, especially in work or formal settings. It's an A1 level, so no need to stress – we’ll make it super easy and fun! You’ll start with '-에 비해' to make comparisons like 'compared to...' Imagine you're in a meeting saying, 'Our new project is more efficient compared to the old one.' This helps you make clear judgments. Next, we’ll explore the 'the more... the more...' structures with '-ㄹ/을수록' and '-면 -(으)ㄹ수록'. You’ll learn to say things like, 'The more you practice, the better you get at Korean,' or 'The more feedback we get, the more we can improve.' These are great for describing progressive changes in any situation. Then, we introduce '-에 비례하여,' letting you explain things that change proportionally, like 'Our sales increased in proportion to our advertising efforts.' It's perfect for explaining cause and effect in a structured way. Finally, master '-에 따라' to express 'depending on...' This lets you say, 'Delivery times vary depending on the destination,' or 'My plans change depending on the weather.' By the time you finish this chapter, you'll confidently discuss comparisons, proportional changes, and dependencies. You'll sound more natural and precise, whether you're at work, traveling, or chatting with Korean friends. Let's get started!

  • 比较表达：与...相比 (-에 비해)
    当你想要根据某个特定标准或预期来进行评价时，请使用 «에 비해»。它就像你的评价天平，帮你衡量 «에 비해서» 或 «것에 비해» 的相对价值。
  • 数学比例关系 (-に比例して)
    当你想要描述两个事物以相同的速率同步增减时，这个语法就是你的精准手术刀。记住这三个核心词： «비례» 、 «반비례» 、 «에 비례해서» 。
  • 根据 / 取决于... (-에 따라)
    用 “-에 따라” 来展示事物如何随特定标准而变化。记住它的黄金搭档：“달라요”、“결정하다” 和 “바뀌다”。

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Compare project performance using -에 비해 (e bihae).
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Articulate proportional growth using -에 비례하여 (e biryeohayeo).
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Explain conditional outcomes using -에 따라 (e ttara).

章节指南

Overview

Welcome to your B2 Korean grammar journey, where we'll unlock the power of precise comparisons and proportional statements! This chapter,
Professional Comparisons and Proportions,
is designed to elevate your Korean grammar skills, especially for workplace discussions, academic presentations, or any situation demanding clear, nuanced communication. At the B2 Korean level, mastering these structures will enable you to articulate complex ideas, evaluate data, and present arguments with greater sophistication.
You'll learn essential phrases that move beyond basic comparisons, allowing you to discuss cause and effect, dependencies, and relative judgments with confidence. Whether you're analyzing sales figures, explaining project progress, or discussing policy impacts, these patterns are indispensable. Get ready to sound more native, more professional, and more articulate in Korean!

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the core Korean grammar patterns that will transform your comparative and proportional expressions. Each of these structures serves a unique function, making your communication more precise.
First up is -에 비해 (Compared To: Evaluation & Relative Judgment). This pattern is used to make a comparison between two things, often highlighting a difference or an evaluation. It's like saying
compared to X, Y is...
and is particularly useful for objective analysis.
* 우리 팀의 성과는 작년에 비해 크게 향상되었습니다. (Our team's performance has significantly improved compared to last year.)
* 이 제품은 다른 경쟁사 제품에 비해 가격이 저렴합니다. (This product is cheaper compared to competitors' products.)
Next, we have the powerful 'the more... the more...' structure: -ㄹ/을수록 and -(으)ㄹ수록 (Proportional Grammar: 'The More... The More' / The More, The Better).
This expresses that as one condition increases or changes, another condition also changes proportionally. Use -ㄹ수록 after verb/adjective stems ending in a vowel or ㄹ, and -을수록 after stems ending in a consonant (not ㄹ).
* 이 프로젝트는 준비할수록 성공 가능성이 높아집니다. (The more you prepare for this project, the higher its success rate becomes.)
* 일을 미룰수록 부담이 커집니다. (The more you postpone work, the greater the burden becomes.)
For more formal or quantitative relationships, we use -에 비례하여 (Mathematical Proportions). This pattern explicitly states that one thing changes in direct proportion to another, often seen in economic, scientific, or business contexts.
* 수익은 투자금에 비례하여 증가했습니다. (Profits increased in proportion to the investment.)
* 직원들의 생산성은 적절한 휴식 시간에 비례하여 높아집니다. (Employees' productivity increases in proportion to adequate break times.)
Finally, master -에 따라 (Depending On...). This versatile expression means depending on, according to, or in accordance with. It's perfect for indicating variability or adherence to a standard.
* 시장 상황에 따라 전략을 조정해야 합니다. (We need to adjust our strategy depending on market conditions.)
* 보고서 내용에 따라 회의 일정이 변경될 수 있습니다. (The meeting schedule may change depending on the report's content.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 이 도시는 작년보다 인구가 적습니다. (This city's population is smaller than last year.)
✓ Correct: 이 도시는 작년에 비해 인구가 적습니다. (This city's population is smaller compared to last year.)
*Explanation:* While -보다 is used for simple, direct comparisons, -에 비해 is preferred when making a relative judgment or evaluation, especially in more formal contexts or when the comparison is against a standard or past state.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 더 많이 노력하면 할수록 더 좋은 결과가 나온다. (If you try harder, better results come out.)
✓ Correct: 더 많이 노력할수록 더 좋은 결과가 나옵니다. (The more you try, the better results you get.)
*Explanation:* The structure -ㄹ/을수록 already embeds the if... then more meaning. Using an additional «더 많이... 하면» can be redundant or less natural. Simply attach -ㄹ/을수록 to the verb or adjective stem.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 계획에 따라서 프로젝트가 진행되었다. (The project proceeded depending on the plan.)
✓ Correct: 계획에 따라 프로젝트가 진행되었습니다. (The project proceeded according to the plan.)
*Explanation:* When -에 따라 means according to or in accordance with a plan, rule, or instruction, the particle -서 is usually omitted, especially in formal writing or speech.

Real Conversations

A

A

이번 분기 실적은 지난 분기에 비해 어떠한가요? (How are this quarter's results compared to last quarter's?)
B

B

생산성이 향상될수록 비용 절감 효과가 커졌습니다. (The more productivity improved, the greater the cost-saving effect became.)
A

A

고객의 요구 사항에 따라 제품 사양을 조절해야 합니다. (We need to adjust the product specifications depending on customer requirements.)
B

B

네, 요구사항이 구체적일수록 개발 기간이 단축될 것입니다. (Yes, the more specific the requirements are, the shorter the development period will be.)
A

A

저희 회사의 시장 점유율은 마케팅 노력에 비례하여 증가했습니다. (Our company's market share increased in proportion to our marketing efforts.)
B

B

아주 좋은 소식이네요. (That's very good news.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between -에 비해 and -보다?

-에 비해 is used for relative judgment or evaluation against a benchmark, often implying a more analytical comparison. -보다 is a simpler, more direct comparison (

A is taller than B
).

Q

Can -에 따라 be used in the sense of according to a document or rule?

Yes, absolutely! -에 따라 is frequently used to mean according to a report, regulation, or instruction, making it very useful in professional contexts.

Q

Is -에 비례하여 always very formal?

Yes, -에 비례하여 carries a distinct formal and often academic or business tone. It's typically used when discussing measurable, proportional relationships, making it less common in casual conversation.

Cultural Context

These B2 Korean grammar patterns are highly valued in professional and academic settings because they enable speakers to express complex relationships with precision and objectivity. Using structures like -에 비해, -에 비례하여, and -에 따라 demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of Korean grammar and lends credibility to your statements. Native Korean speakers frequently employ these in presentations, official reports, and formal discussions to convey nuanced meaning and analytical depth, making your communication sound more polished and authoritative.

关键例句 (4)

1

Gagyeok-e bihae seongneung-i jinjja joayo.

比起价格，性能真的很好。

比较表达：与...相比 (-에 비해)
2

Gidae-e bihaeseo yeonghwa-ga byeollo-yeosseo.

比起我的期待，这电影不怎么样。

比较表达：与...相比 (-에 비해)
3

날씨에 따라 기분이 달라요.

我的心情随天气的变化而变化。

根据 / 取决于... (-에 따라)
4

사람에 따라 생각이 다를 수 있어요.

每个人的想法可能都不一样。

根据 / 取决于... (-에 따라)

技巧与窍门 (3)

💬

韩国人最爱的‘性价比’

韩国人非常看重‘가성비’（性价比）。在评价餐厅或电子产品时，你常会听到：«가격에 비해 좋아요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比较表达：与...相比 (-에 비해)
🎯

谈薪水必备！

在协商工作合同或自由职业报价时，使用 «경력에 비례하여»（与经历成正比）会让你的逻辑听起来非常专业且有说服力。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 数学比例关系 (-に比例して)
💡

“不同”双人组

这个语法几乎总是和表示“不同”、“多样”或“有差异”的词连用，比如 “다르다”、“다양하다” 或 “차이가 있다”。例如：“취향에 따라 선택이 달라요.”
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 根据 / 取决于... (-에 따라)

核心词汇 (5)

효율적 (hyoyuljeok) efficient 증가하다 (jeunggahada) to increase 광고 (gwanggo) advertisement 결과 (gyeol-gwa) result 상황 (sanghwang) situation

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Project Review Meeting

Review Summary

  • [Noun] + -에 비해
  • [Noun] + -에 비례하여
  • [Noun] + -에 따라

常见错误

When using -에 비례하여, use the full adverbial form for professional writing.

Wrong: 그것에 비례해 (Geugeot-e biryehae)
正确: 그것에 비례하여 (Geugeot-e biryeohayeo)

Do not add an extra -해서. The particle -에 비해 is already complete.

Wrong: 비해해서 (Bihaehaeseo)
正确: 비해 (Bihae)

Dependency uses the location particle -에, not the object particle -을.

Wrong: 상황을 따라 (Sanghwang-eul ttara)
正确: 상황에 따라 (Sanghwang-e ttara)

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job today! Keep practicing these patterns in your daily life to make them second nature.

Write a 3-sentence summary of your day using -에 비해 and -에 따라.

Continue to: Formal Logic and Causation

快速练习 (9)

找出下面关于天气计划的句子中的错误：

날씨가 따라 여행 계획이 바뀌었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 날씨에 따라 여행 계획이 바뀌었어요.
在 따라 之前必须使用助词 ‘에’ 才能表示“根据/取决于”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 根据 / 取决于... (-에 따라)

填空以表达“根据价格”：

___ 물건의 품질이 달라요. (价格: 가격)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가격에 따라
要表达“根据价格”，需要在名词 가격 后面接 -에 따라。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 根据 / 取决于... (-에 따라)

找出句子中的错误。

공부하다에 비해 성적이 잘 나왔어요. (比起学习，成绩考得很好。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공부한 것에 비해 성적이 잘 나왔어요.
你不能直接把 -에 비해 接在动词 (공부하다) 后面。必须先把它变成名词形式：공부한 것。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比较表达：与...相比 (-에 비해)

用正确的语法形式完成句子。

比起价格，这个包的质量很好。 이 가방은 가격___ ___ 품질이 좋아요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 에 비해
我们使用 -에 비해（比起...）来评价相对于价格的质量。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比较表达：与...相比 (-에 비해)

选择正确使用比例语法的句子：

请选择正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 노력에 비례하여 성공해요.
名词和 '비례하여' 之间必须使用助词 '에'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 数学比例关系 (-に比例して)

填空完成句子：“根据工作量发工资。”

___ 비례하여 월급을 받아요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 업무량에
在 '비례하여' 之前需要“名词 + 에”。'업무량'（工作量）是正确的名词。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 数学比例关系 (-に比例して)

找出句子中的错误。

공부하기에 비례하여 점수가 올랐어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공부량에 비례하여 점수가 올랐어요.
不能把 '에 비례하여' 接在 '공부하기' 这样的动词名词化形式后，必须使用像 '공부량'（学习量）这样的纯名词。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 数学比例关系 (-に比例して)

哪句话正确表达了‘比起去年’？

选择地道的韩语句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 작년에 비해 날씨가 더워요.
模式是 名词 + -에 비해。'작년'（去年）+ '에 비해'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比较表达：与...相比 (-에 비해)

哪句话正确表达了“因人而异”？

选择正确的韩语句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사람에 따라 달라요.
语法结构固定为：名词 + -에 따라。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 根据 / 取决于... (-에 따라)

Score: /9

常见问题 (6)

-보다 用于直接比较（A 比 B 大）。-에 비해 用于相对于某个标准的评价（«작은 차에 비해 공간이 넓어요» - 以小车来说，空间算大的）。
不能直接接。你得先把动词变成名词。使用 «动词词干 + -는 것 + 에 비해»。
'-에 따라' 是比较通用的“根据”。而 '-에 비례하여' 更加具体，暗示两个变量之间存在类似 1:1 的数学比例关系。«노력에 비례하여 성적이 올랐어요.»
听起来会有点僵硬。建议用 '-에 비례해서' 替换，这样既保留了逻辑，又让日常对话更自然。«실력에 비례해서 점수가 나왔네.»
当然可以！在非常随意的聊天中，甚至会缩略成 “상황 따라”。不过建议你先掌握标准的 “-에 따라”。
不能直接接。你得先用 ‘-(으)ㅁ’ 把动词名词化。比如 “발달하다” 变成 “발달함에 따라”（随着...的发展）。
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Formal Logic and Causation
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