不良 في 30 ثانية
- 不良 (bùliáng) means 'bad' or 'harmful' in a formal sense.
- It is commonly used for habits, medical reactions, and social issues.
- It is almost always used as an adjective before a noun.
- It is more precise and serious than the general word '不好'.
The term 不良 (bùliáng) is a foundational adjective in Chinese that describes things that are 'bad,' 'harmful,' 'unhealthy,' or 'substandard.' At its core, it is composed of two characters: 不 (bù), meaning 'not,' and 良 (liáng), meaning 'good' or 'virtuous.' Together, they literally translate to 'not good,' but the usage is more specific than the generic 不好 (bù hǎo).
- Semantic Range
- While 'bad' is the general translation, 不良 specifically targets quality, behavior, and physiological reactions. It is frequently used in medical, social, and formal contexts to denote something that deviates from a healthy or moral standard.
长期熬夜对身体有不良影响。
(Staying up late for a long time has a harmful effect on the body.)
In the context of health, you will often see it paired with 'reaction' (反应) to mean 'side effects' or 'adverse reactions.' In social contexts, it describes 'habits' (习惯) or 'behavior' (行为) that are considered detrimental to one's character or society.
- Formal Tone
- It is a more formal and precise word than '不好'. You will find it in news reports, medical labels, and academic papers rather than casual street slang.
这种药物可能会产生不良反应。
(This medicine might cause adverse reactions.)
Culturally, it carries a weight of judgment. Calling someone's behavior '不良' suggests it is not just 'not good' but potentially damaging or socially unacceptable. It is a key term for describing systemic issues, such as 'bad loans' (不良贷款) in banking.
- Common Collocations
- Habit (习惯), Reaction (反应), Influence (影响), Consequences (后果), Atmosphere (风气).
我们要改掉不良的生活习惯。
(We should get rid of bad living habits.)
Using 不良 correctly requires understanding its grammatical constraints and its specific 'flavor' of negativity. It is not a catch-all for 'bad' like the English word might suggest.
- Grammatical Position
- In 90% of cases, 不良 is used directly before a noun. You rarely say '他的习惯是不良' (His habit is bad); instead, you say '他有不良习惯' (He has bad habits). It acts as a classifier of the noun's quality.
这种产品质量不良。
(The quality of this product is substandard.)
When describing social behavior, it often takes on a moralistic tone. For instance, '不良少年' (delinquent youth) is a standard term. Here, '不良' implies a deviation from the expected path of a 'good' student or citizen.
- Medical Context
- In medicine, it is the standard word for 'mal-' or 'dys-'. Malnutrition is '营养不良' (yíngyǎng bùliáng). Indigestion is '消化不良' (xiāohuà bùliáng). This is a very productive pattern for learners.
很多孩子因为挑食而营养不良。
(Many children are malnourished because they are picky eaters.)
In business and finance, '不良' is used to describe assets or loans that are not performing. '不良资产' (distressed assets) is a common term in financial news. It suggests a failure to meet the 'good' or 'healthy' financial criteria.
- Environmental Usage
- It can describe poor conditions, such as '不良的环境' (bad environment), usually implying the environment is harmful to growth or health.
这种植物不能在不良的光照条件下生长。
(This plant cannot grow under poor lighting conditions.)
You will encounter 不良 in several distinct environments, ranging from the doctor's office to the evening news. Understanding these contexts helps in recognizing the word's specific nuance.
- Medical & Health
- This is perhaps the most common place. Doctors use it to describe symptoms or reactions. If you read a medicine bottle in China, you will almost certainly see '不良反应' (adverse reactions).
如果你有任何不良感觉，请立即停药。
(If you have any bad feelings, please stop the medication immediately.)
In schools and educational settings, teachers and parents use it to talk about '不良习惯' (bad habits) like playing too many video games or not doing homework. It sounds more serious and corrective than just saying '坏习惯'.
- News & Media
- Journalists use it to describe social trends. '不良风气' (bad social atmosphere) refers to corruption or unhealthy social competition. It’s a standard term in political and social commentary.
社会上存在一些不良风气。
(There are some bad social trends in society.)
In the workplace, it might appear in performance reviews or safety manuals. '不良操作' (improper operation) could lead to accidents. It implies a failure to follow the 'good' or 'correct' procedure.
- Legal & Police
- The police might refer to someone having an '不良记录' (bad record/criminal record). This is a formal way to say someone has been in trouble with the law before.
他没有任何不良记录。
(He doesn't have any bad record.)
While 不良 is a useful word, learners often trip up by using it in places where 不好 or 坏 would be more appropriate.
- Mistake 1: Over-generalization
- Don't use 不良 to describe taste or weather. You wouldn't say '这个菜的味道不良' (The taste of this dish is bad). Instead, use '不好' or '难吃'. 不良 is for quality, health, or morality.
❌ 今天天气不良。
✅ 今天天气不好。
(Today's weather is bad.)
Another common error is using it as a simple predicate with '很' (very). While '他很不良' is technically possible in some contexts (meaning he is a delinquent), it sounds very unnatural. It's better to use it as an adjective before a noun.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with '坏' (huài)
- '坏' usually means broken or evil. '不良' means substandard or harmful. If a machine is broken, it's '坏了'. If it's producing poor quality items, the quality is '不良'.
❌ 我的电脑不良了。
✅ 我的电脑坏了。
(My computer is broken.)
Learners also sometimes confuse '不良' with '恶劣' (èliè). '恶劣' is much stronger, meaning 'vile' or 'abominable,' often used for extreme weather or very bad attitudes. '不良' is more clinical and objective.
- Mistake 3: Word Order
- Remember that 不良 usually precedes the noun it modifies. Placing it elsewhere often changes the meaning or makes the sentence ungrammatical.
✅ 产生不良后果。
❌ 后果很不良。
(Produce bad consequences.)
To truly master 不良, you need to see how it sits alongside its synonyms and near-synonyms. Each has a specific 'territory' in the Chinese language.
- 不良 vs. 不好 (bù hǎo)
- '不好' is the most general term for 'bad.' It is used in daily conversation for everything from food to mood. '不良' is formal, specific, and often implies a negative impact or a failure to meet a standard.
- 不良 vs. 坏 (huài)
- '坏' often implies 'broken' (of objects) or 'wicked' (of people). '不良' is more about being 'unhealthy' or 'substandard.' A '坏人' is a villain; an '不良少年' is a troubled youth.
Comparison: 坏习惯 (bad habit - casual) vs. 不良习惯 (unhealthy habit - formal/medical).
- 不良 vs. 恶劣 (èliè)
- '恶劣' is much more intense. It describes extreme conditions like '恶劣的天气' (vile weather) or '恶劣的态度' (abominable attitude). '不良' is a milder, more objective assessment of 'not good'.
- 不良 vs. 有害 (yǒuhài)
- '有害' specifically means 'harmful' or 'toxic.' While '不良' can imply harm (like 不良影响), '有害' is more direct. Smoking is '有害健康' (harmful to health), but the habit itself is an '不良习惯'.
Example: 不良资产 (non-performing assets) - you wouldn't use '坏' or '恶劣' here.
How Formal Is It?
مستوى الصعوبة
قواعد يجب معرفتها
Adjectives as attributives
Negation with '不'
Fixed noun-adjective compounds
Formal vs. Informal registers
Resultative verbs with '造成' and '产生'
أمثلة حسب المستوى
吸烟是一个不良习惯。
Smoking is a bad habit.
不良 + 习惯 (noun)
他有不良的生活方式。
He has an unhealthy lifestyle.
不良 + 生活方式
不要学那些不良行为。
Don't learn those bad behaviors.
不良 + 行为
这个习惯很不良。
This habit is very bad.
Used as a predicate (less common but possible).
我们要远离不良的朋友。
We should stay away from bad friends.
不良 + 朋友
他因为不良习惯生病了。
He got sick because of bad habits.
不良 + 习惯
这是不良的行为。
This is bad behavior.
Simple A is B structure.
少吃零食，那是不良习惯。
Eat fewer snacks; that's a bad habit.
不良 + 习惯
吃完药后有不良反应吗？
Are there any adverse reactions after taking the medicine?
不良 + 反应 (medical term)
他最近消化不良。
He has had indigestion recently.
消化 + 不良 (fixed phrase)
很多孩子营养不良。
Many children are malnourished.
营养 + 不良 (fixed phrase)
这里的通风不良。
The ventilation here is poor.
Noun + 不良
这种药没有不良副作用。
This medicine has no bad side effects.
不良 + 副作用
视力不良会影响学习。
Poor eyesight will affect studying.
视力 + 不良
他因为长期营养不良而虚弱。
He is weak due to long-term malnutrition.
营养不良 as a cause.
如果感到身体不良，请看医生。
If you feel unwell, please see a doctor.
身体 + 不良 (feeling unwell)
这对他产生了不良影响。
This had a negative influence on him.
产生 + 不良影响
我们要抵制网络上的不良信息。
We must resist harmful information on the internet.
不良 + 信息
这种行为会带来不良后果。
This behavior will bring about bad consequences.
带来 + 不良后果
社会上有一些不良风气。
There are some bad social trends in society.
不良 + 风气
他曾是一个不良少年。
He used to be a delinquent youth.
不良 + 少年
环境污染造成了不良后果。
Environmental pollution has caused bad consequences.
造成 + 不良后果
我们要纠正孩子的不良行为。
We should correct children's bad behavior.
纠正 + 不良行为
长期压力会导致心理不良。
Long-term stress can lead to poor mental health.
心理 + 不良
银行需要处理不良贷款。
The bank needs to deal with non-performing loans.
不良 + 贷款 (financial term)
这些是不良资产，很难卖掉。
These are distressed assets; they are hard to sell.
不良 + 资产
光照不良导致植物枯萎。
Poor lighting caused the plants to wither.
光照 + 不良
他有多次不良记录。
He has multiple bad records (criminal/credit).
不良 + 记录
竞争环境不良影响了公司发展。
A poor competitive environment affected the company's development.
不良 + 环境
该产品因质量不良被召回。
The product was recalled due to poor quality.
质量 + 不良
血液循环不良会导致手脚冰冷。
Poor blood circulation can cause cold hands and feet.
血液循环 + 不良
这种管理方式产生了不良循环。
This management style created a vicious cycle.
不良 + 循环
这种政策的长期效应可能是不良的。
The long-term effects of this policy might be detrimental.
Used as an evaluative adjective.
他深受不良社会思潮的影响。
He was deeply influenced by harmful social ideologies.
不良 + 社会思潮
我们要警惕资本的不良扩张。
We must be wary of the harmful expansion of capital.
不良 + 扩张
该地区的生态系统处于不良状态。
The ecosystem in this region is in a poor state.
处于 + 不良状态
这种药物的毒性导致了细胞发育不良。
The toxicity of this drug led to abnormal cell development.
发育 + 不良
媒体不应传播不良价值观。
Media should not spread harmful values.
不良 + 价值观
由于经营不良，企业陷入了困境。
Due to poor management, the enterprise fell into difficulties.
经营 + 不良
这种现象反映了某种不良的心理倾向。
This phenomenon reflects a certain harmful psychological tendency.
不良 + 心理倾向
法律严禁任何形式的不良竞争。
The law strictly prohibits any form of unfair/harmful competition.
不良 + 竞争
我们要肃清行业内的不良积习。
We must eliminate the deep-seated bad habits within the industry.
不良 + 积习
这种文化基因中潜伏着不良因素。
There are harmful factors lurking within this cultural DNA.
不良 + 因素
官员的贪腐造成了极坏的不良政治影响。
Official corruption has caused extremely bad and harmful political impacts.
不良 + 政治影响
该研究探讨了社会分层对心理健康的不良映射。
The study explores the negative mapping of social stratification on mental health.
不良 + 映射
必须遏制这种不良倾向的蔓延。
The spread of this harmful tendency must be curbed.
不良 + 倾向
他的一生都在与自身的不良嗜好作斗争。
He spent his whole life fighting against his own bad addictions.
不良 + 嗜好
该文论述了过度城市化带来的不良后果。
The article discusses the bad consequences brought by over-urbanization.
不良 + 后果
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
يُخلط عادةً مع
تعبيرات اصطلاحية
سهل الخلط
أنماط الجُمل
كيفية الاستخدام
'不良' is less intense than '恶劣' but more formal than '不好'.
While '不良' can be a predicate, it's much more common as an attributive.
نصائح
Attributive Use
Remember that '不良' almost always comes before the noun it describes. Think of it as a label.
Medical Context
If you are in a hospital or pharmacy, '不良' is your go-to word for describing bad reactions to medicine.
Describing Habits
Use '不良习惯' to sound more serious and objective about a habit you want to change.
Financial Terms
In business, '不良' is used for non-performing assets and loans. It's a key word for financial news.
不良 vs. 坏
Use '坏' for broken things and '不良' for harmful or substandard things.
Formal Essays
Replace '不好' with '不良' in your essays when discussing social or health impacts to improve your score.
Tone Recognition
The tones are 4-2. Practice saying 'bù liáng' with a sharp drop and then a rise.
Metaphorical Indigestion
You can use '消化不良' to describe not being able to understand or absorb new information.
Moral Standard
Understand that '不良' often implies a deviation from a 'good' (良) moral or social standard.
Warning Signs
Look for '不良' on warning signs in workplaces; it often refers to improper or dangerous operations.
احفظها
أصل الكلمة
Ancient Chinese texts used '良' to describe moral goodness. '不良' emerged as a formal negation of this quality.
السياق الثقافي
The term '不良少年' reflects the high value placed on student behavior in Chinese society.
Calling a behavior '不良' is a way to maintain social harmony by identifying what is disruptive.
تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية
سياقات واقعية
بدايات محادثة
"你觉得现在的社交媒体有哪些不良影响？"
"你有什么想要改掉的不良习惯吗？"
"吃这种药会有不良反应吗？"
"如何避免网络上的不良信息？"
"你认为什么是不良的竞争？"
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
写一写你成功改掉的一个不良习惯。
讨论一下不良风气对社会的影响。
如果你发现朋友有不良行为，你会怎么做？
分析一下长期熬夜对身体的不良后果。
谈谈你对‘不良少年’这个词的看法。
الأسئلة الشائعة
10 أسئلةYes, but usually in a specific category like '不良少年' (delinquent youth). Calling someone '不良' directly is rare and sounds like you are labeling them as a social problem rather than just saying they are a 'bad person' (坏人).
It is more common in formal writing, but it is also used in spoken language when discussing health, habits, or serious social issues. In very casual talk about a bad movie, '不好' is better.
'副作用' (fùzuòyòng) means 'side effect,' which can be neutral or bad. '不良反应' (bùliáng fǎnyìng) specifically means 'adverse reaction' or 'bad reaction.' They are often used interchangeably in medical contexts.
No, that sounds very strange. For bad weather, use '天气不好' or '天气恶劣' (if it's very bad like a storm).
Yes, it is the standard medical term for malnutrition. You will see it in health reports and medical textbooks.
You can say '不良信用' (bùliáng xìnyòng) or '信用不良'. It refers to a history of not paying debts.
No. For a bad smell, use '难闻' (nánwén) or '臭' (chòu).
It usually refers to a criminal record or a bad credit history. It means there is a formal record of someone doing something wrong.
Only if you are talking about its quality or effect on health, like '质量不良' (poor quality). To say food tastes bad, use '不好吃' or '难吃'.
Yes, '不良' is always negative. It literally means 'not good' and is used to describe things that are harmful or substandard.
اختبر نفسك 200 أسئلة
用‘不良习惯’写一个句子。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
描述一下‘不良反应’的意思。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
写一写‘不良影响’对孩子成长的危害。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
如何处理银行的‘不良贷款’？
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
讨论‘不良风气’如何破坏社会和谐。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
分析‘不良竞争’对行业发展的负面作用。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
用‘不良后果’造句。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
写一段关于‘营养不良’的建议。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
描述‘不良记录’对个人的影响。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
谈谈你对‘不良少年’的看法。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
用‘不良状态’描述一个生态系统。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
解释‘居心不良’的含义。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
如何改掉生活中的‘不良习惯’？
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
描述‘通风不良’的危害。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
用‘不良嗜好’造句。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
讨论‘不良信息’对青少年的影响。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
写一写‘质量不良’带来的麻烦。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
用‘经营不良’解释公司失败的原因。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
描述‘视力不良’的症状。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
总结‘不良’一词的用法。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
请说出三个‘不良习惯’。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
如果你吃药后觉得不舒服，你会怎么跟医生说？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
谈谈你对网络‘不良信息’的看法。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
解释一下什么是‘不良贷款’。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
你认为社会上最严重的不良风气是什么？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
如何遏制行业内的‘不良竞争’？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
描述一个‘不良后果’的例子。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
说一个关于‘营养不良’的句子。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
‘不良记录’对找工作有什么影响？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
你会如何劝告一个有‘不良行为’的朋友？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
描述‘通风不良’的房间给你的感觉。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
‘居心不良’的人通常会有什么表现？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
你认为‘不良少年’是可以被改变的吗？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
‘质量不良’的产品你会怎么处理？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
说一个包含‘不良影响’的复杂句子。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
谈谈‘不良嗜好’对家庭的破坏。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
‘经营不良’的公司应该如何转型？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
描述‘视力不良’带来的生活不便。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
‘不良’这个词给你的第一印象是什么？
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
总结一下‘不良’的常见搭配。
Read this aloud:
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
听力练习：‘我们要改掉晚睡的不良习惯。’ 问：要改掉什么习惯？
听力练习：‘这种药没有明显的不良反应。’ 问：这种药怎么样？
听力练习：‘不良信息对孩子的影响很大。’ 问：什么对孩子影响大？
听力练习：‘银行正在清理不良资产。’ 问：银行在做什么？
听力练习：‘这种行为造成了不良后果。’ 问：这种行为的结果如何？
听力练习：‘他因为营养不良住院了。’ 问：他为什么住院？
听力练习：‘我们要抵制社会上的不良风气。’ 问：我们要抵制什么？
听力练习：‘他的视力不良，需要戴眼镜。’ 问：他为什么要戴眼镜？
听力练习：‘不良竞争损害了大家的利益。’ 问：不良竞争损害了什么？
听力练习：‘必须遏制这种不良倾向。’ 问：对这种倾向要怎么办？
听力练习：‘他曾是一个不良少年，但现在变好了。’ 问：他以前是什么样的人？
听力练习：‘通风不良的房间容易滋生细菌。’ 问：什么样的房间容易滋生细菌？
听力练习：‘质量不良的产品严禁出厂。’ 问：什么样的产品严禁出厂？
听力练习：‘他有多次不良记录，所以被拒绝了。’ 问：他为什么被拒绝？
听力练习：‘我们要肃清行业内的不良积习。’ 问：我们要肃清什么？
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use '不良' when you want to describe something that is objectively harmful or substandard, such as a 'bad habit' (不良习惯) or an 'adverse reaction' (不良反应). It is more formal than '不好'.
- 不良 (bùliáng) means 'bad' or 'harmful' in a formal sense.
- It is commonly used for habits, medical reactions, and social issues.
- It is almost always used as an adjective before a noun.
- It is more precise and serious than the general word '不好'.
Attributive Use
Remember that '不良' almost always comes before the noun it describes. Think of it as a label.
Medical Context
If you are in a hospital or pharmacy, '不良' is your go-to word for describing bad reactions to medicine.
Describing Habits
Use '不良习惯' to sound more serious and objective about a habit you want to change.
Financial Terms
In business, '不良' is used for non-performing assets and loans. It's a key word for financial news.
مثال
吸烟对健康有不良影响。
محتوى ذو صلة
عبارات ذات صلة
مزيد من كلمات health
一粒
A2حبة واحدة أو بذرة. تُستخدم للأشياء الصغيرة والمستديرة مثل الأرز أو الدواء. 'حبة دواء' هي '一粒药'.
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2غير طبيعي، شاذ؛ يشير إلى شيء لا يسير كالمعتاد.
以上
A2فوق، أكثر من (رقم). يشير إلى كمية أو مستوى يساوي أو يزيد عن نقطة مرجعية محددة.
酸痛
A2أشعر بألم في عضلاتي بعد التمرين.
倒是
A2على العكس من ذلك؛ في الواقع. يستخدم للإشارة إلى تباين غير متوقع.
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
A2إعطاء حقنة أو القيام بالوخز بالإبر.
急性
B1حاد (مرض): يشير إلى حالة تحدث فجأة وعادة ما تكون شديدة ولكنها قصيرة الأمد. حاد (مرض): عند الحديث عن الأمراض، 'حاد' يصف شيئًا يبدأ بسرعة ويكون شديدًا، ولكنه لا يستمر لفترة طويلة.
急性病
B1مرض حاد يظهر فجأة ويتطلب عناية طبية فورية.
