When you disparage someone or something, it means you speak negatively about them. For example, if you say bad things about a friend's new haircut, you are けなすing it. This word is often used when someone criticizes another person or their work in a harsh way. It's like putting someone down with your words. It’s important to be kind and respectful, so try not to けなす others.
When you're learning Japanese at a B1 level, you're starting to encounter more nuanced verbs. けなす (kenasu) is one of these, and it means to speak badly about someone or something, to disparage, or to criticize in a negative way. It's often used when someone is intentionally trying to put another person down or highlight their flaws. You might hear it when people are gossiping or complaining about others. Understanding verbs like けなす helps you grasp more complex social interactions in Japanese.
When learning Japanese, understanding verbs like けなす (kenasu) is important for expressing nuances in communication. At a CEFR B1 level, you're likely familiar with basic criticisms, but けなす goes a bit deeper. It specifically means to disparage, speak ill of, or criticize someone in a way that often implies malicious intent or an attempt to belittle them. It's not just a neutral critique; there's a negative connotation of intentionally putting someone down. For instance, you might hear it used when someone is spreading rumors or making unkind remarks about another person's abilities or character.
§ Basic Usage of けなす
The verb けなす (kenasu) means to disparage, speak ill of, or criticize someone. It's often used when someone is intentionally putting down another person or their work. It's a direct action verb, meaning someone is actively doing the 'disparaging.'
- Verb Type
- Transitive verb (他動詞 - tadoushi). This means it takes a direct object, which is the person or thing being disparaged.
When using けなす, you'll typically see it in the pattern: [Person/Thing] を けなす (to disparage [Person/Thing]). The particle を (o) marks the direct object.
彼はいつも他人をけなす。
Translation hint: He always disparages others.
私のアイデアをけなさないでください。
Translation hint: Please don't criticize my idea.
§ Using けなす in different tenses and forms
Like all Japanese verbs, けなす can be conjugated into various tenses and forms. Here are a few common ones:
- Present/Future Casual: けなす (kenasu)
- Present/Future Polite: けなします (kenashimasu)
- Past Casual: けなした (kenashita)
- Past Polite: けなしました (kenashimashita)
- Negative Casual: けなさない (kenasanai)
- Negative Polite: けなしません (kenashimasen)
- Te-form: けなして (kenashite)
- Passive Form: けなされる (kenasareru) - to be disparaged
彼は以前、私の絵をひどくけなしたことがあります。
Translation hint: He once harshly criticized my painting.
彼女は会議で、彼の意見をけなしてしまいました。
Translation hint: She ended up disparaging his opinion in the meeting.
彼の努力は同僚にけなされた。
Translation hint: His efforts were disparaged by his colleagues.
§ Related words and nuances
While けなす means to disparage, it’s good to know other words that are similar but have different nuances:
- 批判する (hihan suru): To criticize. This can be more neutral and objective, focusing on pointing out flaws for improvement. けなす implies a more negative or mean-spirited intention.
- 悪口を言う (warukuchi o iu): To speak ill of someone; to badmouth. This is very close to けなす, often used for gossip or negative talk behind someone's back.
- 文句を言う (monku o iu): To complain. This is about expressing dissatisfaction, not necessarily about putting someone down.
- Key Difference
- けなす implies a deliberate attempt to belittle or put someone down, often with a negative emotional charge.
建設的な批判は受け入れるが、単に人をけなすのはやめてほしい。
Translation hint: I accept constructive criticism, but I want you to stop simply disparaging people.
نکات
Basic Meaning of けなす
The verb けなす (kenasu) means to disparage, to speak ill of, or to criticize someone or something in a negative way. It implies putting someone down.
けなす vs. ほめる (Homeru)
It's helpful to learn けなす as the opposite of ほめる (homeru), which means to praise. This contrast can help solidify both meanings in your mind.
Common Contexts for けなす
You often hear けなす used when someone is talking negatively about another person's appearance, work, or personality. For example, 「人の仕事をけなす」 (Hito no shigoto o kenasu) means to criticize someone's work.
Transitive Verb Usage
けなす is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object. The object is usually marked with the particle を (o). For example, 「彼をけなす」 (Kare o kenasu) means to disparage him.
Nuance: Negative Criticism
While it can mean 'criticize,' けなす carries a strong connotation of negative criticism or belittling, rather than constructive feedback. Think of it as tearing down rather than improving.
Example Sentence 1
彼をけなすようなことは言わないでください。(Kare o kenasu you na koto wa iwanaide kudasai.) - Please don't say things that would disparage him.
Example Sentence 2
いつも他人をけなすのは良くない。(Itsumo tanin o kenasu no wa yokunai.) - It's not good to always speak ill of others.
Example Sentence 3
彼女は自分の作品を自分でけなす傾向がある。(Kanojo wa jibun no sakuhin o jibun de kenasu keikou ga aru.) - She tends to criticize her own work herself.
Cultural Note: Politeness
In Japanese culture, openly けなす (disparaging) someone, especially in public, is generally considered very impolite and can cause significant social discomfort. It's often avoided.
Avoid Overuse
Be careful not to overuse けなす yourself, as it implies negativity. If you want to give constructive criticism, other phrases are more appropriate.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of a 'CAN ASS' (けなす - kenasu) who disparages everyone. Or, 'KEN HASU' (けなす) no respect and speaks ill of people.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine someone with a very critical, sneering face, constantly finding fault and disparaging everything they see. Perhaps they're wearing a name tag that says 'KENASU'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to form a sentence using 'けなす' in Japanese. For example, think about something someone might disparage or criticize. Share your sentence in the comments!
خودت رو بسنج 30 سوال
Write a short sentence saying someone doesn't like natto.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
پاسخ نمونه
私はなっとうが嫌いです。
Write a short sentence about someone being busy today.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
پاسخ نمونه
今日はとても忙しいです。
Write a short sentence asking 'What is this?'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
پاسخ نمونه
これは何ですか。
What is Mimi?
این متن را بخوانید:
これは、わたしのねこです。名前はミミです。ミミはかわいいです。
What is Mimi?
The passage says 'わたしのねこです。' which means 'This is my cat.'
The passage says 'わたしのねこです。' which means 'This is my cat.'
What does the speaker do every day?
این متن را بخوانید:
わたしは学生です。毎日学校に行きます。
What does the speaker do every day?
The passage says '毎日学校に行きます。' which means 'I go to school every day.'
The passage says '毎日学校に行きます。' which means 'I go to school every day.'
What color is the pen?
این متن را بخوانید:
これはペンです。青いです。
What color is the pen?
The passage says '青いです。' which means 'It is blue.'
The passage says '青いです。' which means 'It is blue.'
This means 'I don't speak ill of him.'
This means 'It's not good to speak ill of people.'
This means 'She disparaged me.'
Imagine you overheard someone unfairly criticizing your friend. Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) describing what you heard and how you felt about it, using the word けなす.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
پاسخ نمونه
昨日、カフェで他の人が私の友人をけなしているのを聞きました。彼の努力を全く理解していないようでした。それを聞いて、私はとても不快な気持ちになりました。
Describe a situation where someone was unfairly criticized or disparaged for something they did, and how that criticism affected them. Use けなす in your response.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
پاسخ نمونه
彼は一生懸命準備したプレゼンテーションを、上司にけなされてしまいました。その結果、彼は自信を失い、しばらくの間、新しいことに挑戦することをためらっていました。
Write a short dialogue (2-3 exchanges) between two people discussing how to deal with someone who constantly disparages others. One person should suggest a strategy for handling the 'けなす' person.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
پاسخ نمونه
A: 田中さんっていつも人のことをけなすよね。どうしたらいいんだろう？ B: そうだね。彼の言うことは気にしない方がいいよ。でも、もしひどい場合は、直接やめてほしいと伝えるべきだね。
この出来事の後、新入社員はどうなりましたか？
این متن را بخوانید:
ある会社では、新入社員が提案した革新的なアイデアが、経験豊富な先輩社員によって「現実的ではない」とすぐにけなされてしまいました。その新入社員は自信を失い、その後、自分の意見を言うことをためらうようになりました。この出来事は、会社の雰囲気にも悪影響を与えました。
この出来事の後、新入社員はどうなりましたか？
パッセージに「その新入社員は自信を失い、その後、自分の意見を言うことをためらうようになりました」と書かれています。
パッセージに「その新入社員は自信を失い、その後、自分の意見を言うことをためらうようになりました」と書かれています。
友人が仕事に行くのが嫌になった理由は何ですか？
این متن را بخوانید:
友人が「最近、上司が私のことをいつもけなすから、仕事に行くのが嫌だ」と悩んでいました。私は「それはひどいね。もしかしたら、上司は君の能力を嫉妬しているのかもしれないよ」と慰めました。しかし、友人の表情は晴れませんでした。
友人が仕事に行くのが嫌になった理由は何ですか？
パッセージに「上司が私のことをいつもけなすから、仕事に行くのが嫌だ」と明確に書かれています。
パッセージに「上司が私のことをいつもけなすから、仕事に行くのが嫌だ」と明確に書かれています。
このパッセージで筆者が最も伝えたいことは何ですか？
این متن را بخوانید:
ネット上での匿名でのけなす行為は、多くの人に深い心の傷を与えます。直接顔を合わせないからといって、どんな言葉を投げかけても良いわけではありません。言葉には力があり、それがポジティブなものであれネガティブなものであれ、相手に大きな影響を与えることを忘れてはなりません。
このパッセージで筆者が最も伝えたいことは何ですか？
パッセージの最後に「言葉には力があり、それがポジティブなものであれネガティブなものであれ、相手に大きな影響を与えることを忘れてはなりません」と筆者の主張がまとめられています。
パッセージの最後に「言葉には力があり、それがポジティブなものであれネガティブなものであれ、相手に大きな影響を与えることを忘れてはなりません」と筆者の主張がまとめられています。
You should not speak ill of others in front of people.
He always disparages other people's efforts.
Please stop criticizing her like that.
What kind of remarks should be avoided regarding his success?
Despite being disparaged, what did she not change?
What is easy to do to someone's efforts, but difficult to do oneself?
این را بلند بخوانید:
相手の意見をけなすのではなく、尊重する姿勢が大切です。
تمرکز: けなす
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
این را بلند بخوانید:
彼の作品をけなす批評家もいたが、私はその独創性を高く評価した。
تمرکز: けなす批評家
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
این را بلند بخوانید:
些細なことで人をけなすのは、成熟した態度とは言えません。
تمرکز: 人をけなす
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
/ 30 درست
نمره کامل!
Basic Meaning of けなす
The verb けなす (kenasu) means to disparage, to speak ill of, or to criticize someone or something in a negative way. It implies putting someone down.
けなす vs. ほめる (Homeru)
It's helpful to learn けなす as the opposite of ほめる (homeru), which means to praise. This contrast can help solidify both meanings in your mind.
Common Contexts for けなす
You often hear けなす used when someone is talking negatively about another person's appearance, work, or personality. For example, 「人の仕事をけなす」 (Hito no shigoto o kenasu) means to criticize someone's work.
Transitive Verb Usage
けなす is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object. The object is usually marked with the particle を (o). For example, 「彼をけなす」 (Kare o kenasu) means to disparage him.
مثال
人のことをけなすのは良くない。
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر emotions
ぼんやり
B1Vaguely; absentmindedly; dimly.
夢中
B1Absorption; engrossment; infatuation.
受け止める
B1To accept; to take; to grasp.
達成感
B1Sense of accomplishment.
ひしひしと
B1Acutely; keenly; strongly (feeling something).
適応する
B1To adapt; to adjust.
健気な
B2Brave, admirable, or plucky (especially of a weaker person).
感心な
B1Admirable; deserving admiration.
感心
B1Admiration, impression, or being impressed.
感心する
B1To be impressed; to admire.
