有竞争力的 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Meaning 'competitive', used for things or people with a strong advantage.
- Composed of '有' (have), '竞争' (compete), '力' (power), and '的' (adjective marker).
- Commonly applied to prices, salaries, products, and professional skills.
- Essential for business Chinese and discussing personal success in a meritocratic society.
The term 有竞争力的 (yǒu jìngzhēnglì de) is a quintessential business and social descriptor in modern Chinese. At its core, it describes something or someone that possesses the necessary qualities, strengths, or advantages to succeed in a competitive environment. Whether you are talking about a product's price, a company's market position, or a candidate's resume, this adjective is your go-to choice for expressing 'competitiveness'. Unlike the simple verb 'to compete' (竞争), adding '有...力的' transforms it into a powerful attribute signifying capability and potential for victory. It is most frequently encountered in professional settings, economic news, and educational discussions where comparison and excellence are the primary focus.
- Economic Context
- In the world of finance and trade, it refers to prices or products that can beat rivals. For example, '有竞争力的价格' means a price that is low enough or valuable enough to attract customers away from other brands.
- Human Resources
- When describing a job seeker, it implies they have a strong background or unique skills that make them stand out among hundreds of applicants. It is a high compliment in a professional profile.
- Sports and Games
- It describes a team or player that has a real chance of winning a championship or performing at a top level. It suggests they are not just participating, but are a serious threat to others.
这家公司提供非常有竞争力的薪水，吸引了很多人才。(This company offers a very competitive salary, attracting many talents.)
Understanding the nuance between 'competitive' as a quality and 'competitive' as a personality trait is vital. In English, 'competitive' can mean 'liking to win' (e.g., 'He is a very competitive person'). In Chinese, while '有竞争力的' can sometimes describe a person's capability, a person who simply *loves* to compete is often described as '好胜的' (hàoshèng de). Therefore, use '有竞争力的' when you want to emphasize the *strength* and *viability* of the subject in a market or field. It conveys a sense of robustness and high value that is respected in Chinese corporate culture, where 'competitiveness' is seen as a driver of progress and innovation.
为了保持有竞争力的地位，我们必须不断创新。(To maintain a competitive position, we must constantly innovate.)
Finally, consider the frequency of this word in media. From CGTN reports on global trade to local job postings on Zhaopin, you will see this phrase everywhere. It is a 'power word'. When you use it, you sound professional, analytical, and aware of the dynamics of the modern world. It is not just about being 'good'; it is about being 'better than the rest' in a measurable way.
Using 有竞争力的 correctly requires understanding its position relative to other sentence elements. It primarily functions as an attributive adjective (modifying a noun) or a predicative adjective (following a linking verb like 'is').
- 1. Before a Noun (Attributive)
- Structure: [Adjective] + 的 + [Noun]. This is the most common usage. Example: '有竞争力的产品' (Competitive product). Here, 'de' is mandatory to link the quality to the object.
- 2. After a Subject (Predicative)
- Structure: [Subject] + [Degree Adverb] + 有竞争力. Example: '我们的方案非常有竞争力' (Our proposal is very competitive). Note that in this structure, the final 'de' is often omitted if there is no noun following it, though '我们的方案是非常有竞争力的' is also correct and adds emphasis.
在当前的全球市场中，拥有有竞争力的技术是成功的关键。(In the current global market, having competitive technology is the key to success.)
When you want to quantify *how* competitive something is, you must use degree adverbs like 非常 (fēicháng - very), 极具 (jíjù - extremely/possessing highly), or 相当 (xiāngdāng - quite). For instance, '极具竞争力的价格' sounds more sophisticated and formal than just '有竞争力的价格'.
Furthermore, this phrase is often paired with verbs like 保持 (bǎochí - to maintain), 提高 (tígāo - to improve), and 增强 (zēngqiáng - to strengthen). For example: '为了增强我们产品的竞争力，我们需要降价' (To strengthen our product's competitiveness, we need to lower the price). Notice here that '竞争力' is used as a noun (competitiveness), while '有竞争力的' is the adjective. This flexibility allows you to build complex thoughts about strategy and performance.
If you walk into a CBD (Central Business District) in Beijing, Shanghai, or Shenzhen, you will hear 有竞争力的 used in almost every conference room. It is the language of the 'hustle' culture and the high-growth economy. Here are specific scenarios where this word is ubiquitous:
- Recruitment & Job Hunting: On platforms like Boss Zhipin, companies boast about '有竞争力的薪酬福利' (Competitive salary and benefits). HR managers will evaluate if a candidate has a '有竞争力的背景' (Competitive background).
- Tech Product Launches: When Xiaomi or Huawei releases a new phone, tech reviewers will discuss whether the hardware specs are '有竞争力的' compared to Apple or Samsung. They look at the '性价比' (price-performance ratio) to determine competitiveness.
- International Relations & Trade: News anchors on CCTV-4 often discuss '国家竞争力' (National competitiveness). They talk about how a country's exports need to be '有竞争力的' in the global market to sustain economic growth.
'我们的新产品在性能和价格上都非常有竞争力，相信能占领市场。' ('Our new product is very competitive in both performance and price; I believe it can capture the market.')
In educational settings, parents often use this word when discussing schools or extracurricular activities. In China's highly meritocratic system, being 'competitive' is often synonymous with being 'prepared for the future'. You might hear a parent say, '为了让孩子更有竞争力，我们报了书法班' (To make our child more competitive, we signed them up for calligraphy class). This reflects a cultural mindset where competitiveness is a tool for survival and upward mobility.
Interestingly, you'll also hear it in the context of 'soft power'. When discussing cultural exports like movies or games (e.g., *Black Myth: Wukong*), critics will analyze if Chinese cultural products are '有竞争力的' on the world stage. It is a word that bridges the gap between raw economic data and cultural pride.
Even intermediate learners often stumble when using 有竞争力的. The complexity of the phrase—being composed of a verb (有), a noun (竞争力), and a particle (的)—leads to several common pitfalls.
- ❌ Shortening it to just '竞争的'
Many learners try to say '竞争的价格' (Jìngzhēng de jiàgé). While '竞争' means competition, '竞争的' sounds like 'the price that is competing', which is grammatically awkward. You must include '力' (power/ability) to make it 'competitive power'. Correct: 有竞争力的价格.
- ❌ Confusing Personality with Capability
If you want to say 'He is a competitive person' (meaning he likes to play hard and win), saying '他是一个有竞争力的人' actually means 'He is a person with strong market value/skills'. If you mean he is aggressive or loves winning, use 好胜心强 (hàoshèngxīn qiáng) or 爱竞争 (ài jìngzhēng).
- ❌ Omitting the '有' (Have)
Some say '这件产品竞争力' thinking it means 'This product is competitive'. In Chinese, '竞争力' is a noun. To use it as an adjective, you must say '有竞争力' (has competitiveness). It's like the difference between saying 'He has strength' and 'He is strength'.
Another subtle mistake is the placement of degree adverbs. In English, we say 'a very competitive price'. In Chinese, the 'very' (非常) must come before '有竞争力'. If you put it elsewhere, the sentence collapses. Always remember: [Adverb] + 有竞争力 + 的 + [Noun].
To sound more like a native speaker, you should vary your vocabulary. While 有竞争力的 is standard, several alternatives offer different shades of meaning.
- 1. 具优势的 (jù yōushì de) - Advantageous
- Use this when the competitiveness comes from a specific 'edge' or 'advantage' (优势). It implies being in a superior position compared to others.
Example: 我们在技术上具优势。(We have an advantage in technology.) - 2. 强有力的 (qiángyǒulì de) - Powerful / Strong
- This is more forceful. It suggests that the subject isn't just 'competitive' but 'dominant' or 'robust'. Often used for arguments, evidence, or market leaders.
Example: 强有力的竞争对手。(A powerful competitor.) - 3. 划算的 (huásuàn de) - Cost-effective / A good deal
- If you are specifically talking about a 'competitive price' in a casual shopping context, '划算' is much more common. '有竞争力的' sounds like a corporate strategy; '划算' sounds like a smart shopper.
Example: 这种价格很划算。(This price is a good deal.) - 4. 出众的 (chūzhòng de) - Outstanding / Standing out
- When describing a person's talents, this emphasizes that they stand out from the crowd (众). It's more poetic and positive than the somewhat cold '有竞争力的'.
Example: 她有出众的才华。(She has outstanding talent.)
Choosing the right word depends on the 'flavor' of the competition. If it's a battle of numbers and market share, stick with 有竞争力. If it's a matter of personal excellence, consider 出众. If it's about a specific technical lead, use 优势. Mastering these synonyms will move you from B1 (Intermediate) to C1 (Advanced) proficiency.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The word '竞争' (jìngzhēng) was originally used in ancient texts to mean 'to quarrel' or 'to argue', but its modern meaning of 'market competition' is a relatively recent development linked to industrialization.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'zhēng' as 'zēng' (forgetting the 'h').
- Mixing up the tones, especially making 'jìng' a 1st tone instead of 4th.
- Failing to use the neutral tone for 'de'.
- Omitting 'lì' entirely, making it 'jìngzhēng de'.
- Pronouncing 'yǒu' with a flat tone instead of the dipping 3rd tone.
سطح دشواری
The characters are common but the four-character compound requires recognition of the 'have-noun-marker' structure.
'竞争' (jìngzhēng) has many strokes and is easy to misspell for beginners.
Five syllables (including 'de') require good breath control and tone accuracy.
Easily recognizable in business contexts due to the distinct 'jìngzhēng' sound.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Adjective phrases with '有'
有名的 (famous), 有钱的 (rich), 有趣的 (interesting).
Using '的' to form attributive adjectives
红色的书 (red book), 有竞争力的产品 (competitive product).
Comparison with '比' (bǐ)
A 比 B 更有竞争力 (A is more competitive than B).
Degree adverbs with adjectives
非常有竞争力 (Very competitive), 极具竞争力 (Extremely competitive).
Resultative complements with '竞争力'
提高到有竞争力的水平 (Improve to a competitive level).
مثالها بر اساس سطح
这个价格很有竞争力。
This price is very competitive.
Subject + 很 + Adjective structure.
他是一个有竞争力的人。
He is a competitive person (has strong skills).
Using 'de' to modify a person.
这家商店很有竞争力。
This store is very competitive.
Simple predicative use.
我有竞争力的产品。
I have competitive products.
Direct object with adjective.
它有竞争力吗？
Is it competitive?
Simple question with 'ma'.
这是一个有竞争力的计划。
This is a competitive plan.
'shì... de' structure.
我们需要有竞争力的价格。
We need competitive prices.
Verb + Adjective + Noun.
你的中文很有竞争力。
Your Chinese is very competitive (strong).
Complimentary usage.
我们的新手机在市场上很有竞争力。
Our new phone is very competitive in the market.
Adding a location 'in the market'.
为了更有竞争力，他每天学习。
To be more competitive, he studies every day.
Using 'gèng' for 'more'.
这家公司的工资很有竞争力。
This company's salary is very competitive.
Possessive 'de' with the subject.
你有竞争力，不要担心。
You are competitive, don't worry.
Direct address.
这个品牌在年轻人中很有竞争力。
This brand is very competitive among young people.
'Among' structure.
我们必须提供有竞争力的服务。
We must provide competitive services.
Modal verb 'must'.
他的简历非常有竞争力。
His resume is extremely competitive.
Degree adverb 'fēicháng'.
哪种产品更有竞争力？
Which product is more competitive?
Comparative question.
在这个行业，拥有有竞争力的技术非常重要。
In this industry, having competitive technology is very important.
Gerund-like subject clause.
公司通过降价来保持有竞争力的地位。
The company maintains a competitive position by lowering prices.
'By doing' structure using 'tōngguò'.
如果你想更有竞争力，就去考个证书吧。
If you want to be more competitive, go get a certificate.
Conditional 'if... then...'.
我们的方案比他们的更有竞争力。
Our proposal is more competitive than theirs.
Comparison using 'bǐ'.
一个有竞争力的企业需要不断的创新。
A competitive enterprise needs constant innovation.
Adjective modifying a complex noun.
他在面试中表现得非常有竞争力。
He performed very competitively in the interview.
Adverbial use describing performance.
为了增强竞争力，我们合并了两家工厂。
To strengthen competitiveness, we merged two factories.
Using '竞争力' as a noun.
这种教育模式在国际上很有竞争力。
This educational model is very competitive internationally.
Topic-comment structure.
在全球化背景下，保持核心竞争力是企业的生存之道。
In the context of globalization, maintaining core competitiveness is the way for enterprises to survive.
Formal 'context' phrase.
该产品凭借其有竞争力的定价策略迅速占领了市场。
The product quickly captured the market with its competitive pricing strategy.
Using 'píngjiè' (by virtue of).
我们需要制定一套更有竞争力的薪酬体系来留住人才。
We need to develop a more competitive compensation system to retain talent.
Complex object with multiple modifiers.
尽管面对压力，他们依然保持着极具竞争力的状态。
Despite facing pressure, they still maintained an extremely competitive state.
Concessive clause 'jǐnguǎn'.
这种策略虽然激进，但在某些领域确实非常有竞争力。
Although this strategy is aggressive, it is indeed very competitive in certain fields.
Adversative 'suīrán... dàn...'.
通过技术升级，该品牌的产品变得更有竞争力了。
Through technical upgrades, the brand's products have become more competitive.
Change of state with 'le'.
一个国家若想在国际舞台上有竞争力，教育是基础。
If a country wants to be competitive on the international stage, education is the foundation.
Formal conditional 'ruò'.
他那富有竞争力的性格使他在销售行业如鱼得水。
His competitive personality makes him feel like a fish in water in the sales industry.
Using 'fùyǒu' (full of) for emphasis.
在资本高度集中的市场，小企业很难维持有竞争力的利润率。
In a highly capital-intensive market, it is difficult for small businesses to maintain competitive profit margins.
Advanced economic terminology.
这种有竞争力的优势并非来自低成本，而是来自差异化。
This competitive advantage does not come from low cost, but from differentiation.
'Not A but B' structure (bìng fēi... ér shì).
在全球价值链中，中国制造正向更具竞争力的中高端迈进。
In the global value chain, 'Made in China' is moving toward the more competitive mid-to-high end.
Progressive aspect with 'zhèngzài'.
为了确保长期有竞争力的地位，研发投入是不容忽视的。
To ensure a long-term competitive position, R&D investment cannot be ignored.
Double negative for emphasis (bùróng hūshì).
该城市的营商环境被公认为在亚洲极具竞争力。
The city's business environment is recognized as being extremely competitive in Asia.
Passive recognition 'bèi gōngrèn wéi'.
我们必须审视当前的模式，看它是否依然具有竞争力。
We must examine the current model to see if it still possesses competitiveness.
Embedded question 'shìfǒu'.
这种有竞争力的排他性在某些行业导致了垄断。
This competitive exclusivity has led to monopolies in certain industries.
Abstract noun phrase.
他在辩论中展现出的逻辑性和敏捷思维，使他极具竞争力。
The logic and quick thinking he showed in the debate made him extremely competitive.
Relative clause modifying the subject.
在全球地缘政治博弈中，软实力的输出已成为衡量国家是否有竞争力的关键指标。
In the global geopolitical game, the output of soft power has become a key indicator for measuring whether a nation is competitive.
Highly formal geopolitical register.
这种有竞争力的自发性往往源于对资源稀缺性的深刻焦虑。
This competitive spontaneity often stems from a profound anxiety about resource scarcity.
Philosophical and psychological depth.
在算法驱动的时代，数据的获取与处理能力构成了企业最核心的有竞争力的壁垒。
In the era driven by algorithms, the ability to acquire and process data constitutes the most core competitive barrier for enterprises.
Technical and abstract terminology.
过度强调有竞争力的个人主义可能会削弱社会的集体协作精神。
Overemphasizing competitive individualism may undermine the spirit of collective social collaboration.
Critique of social values.
该学者认为，真正的有竞争力的生命力在于其不断的自我迭代与进化。
The scholar believes that true competitive vitality lies in its constant self-iteration and evolution.
Metaphorical and academic usage.
这种价格策略虽然在短期内有竞争力，但长期来看无异于饮鸩止渴。
Although this price strategy is competitive in the short term, in the long run, it is like drinking poison to quench thirst.
Use of a sophisticated idiom (yǐnzhènzhǐkě).
在艺术创作领域，单纯追求有竞争力的商业价值往往会牺牲作品的灵魂。
In the field of artistic creation, simply pursuing competitive commercial value often sacrifices the soul of the work.
Abstract aesthetic discussion.
我们应如何平衡有竞争力的效率与社会公平，是当代政治学的重要课题。
How we should balance competitive efficiency and social equity is an important subject in contemporary political science.
Complex philosophical inquiry.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Core competitiveness; the key strength of a company or person.
创新是我们公司的核心竞争力。
— To strengthen competitiveness; to make something more competitive.
我们要通过培训来增强竞争力。
— To lose competitiveness; to no longer be able to compete effectively.
如果不改进，我们的产品会失去竞争力。
— To improve competitiveness; a common goal in business and education.
提高竞争力是我们的首要任务。
— International competitiveness; a nation's ability to compete globally.
该国的国际竞争力在不断上升。
— Market competitiveness; how well a product performs in the market.
这种产品缺乏市场竞争力。
— To possess competitiveness; often used in formal writing.
该项目在技术上具有竞争力。
— Competitiveness evaluation; assessing how strong someone or something is.
我们需要进行一次竞争力评价。
— Salary competitiveness; how good a salary is compared to others.
提高薪酬竞争力以留住人才。
— All-round competitiveness; being strong in all aspects.
我们要打造全方位的竞争力。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
This is the verb 'to compete' or the noun 'competition'. '有竞争力的' is the adjective 'competitive'.
Describes a person's personality (liking to win), whereas '有竞争力的' describes their capability/value.
Means 'intense'. People often confuse 'competitive market' (jìngzhēng jīliè de shìchǎng) with 'competitive product'.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To strive for the best; to aim high in competition.
在学习上，我们要力争上游。
Positive/Encouraging— A hundred boats contending in the stream; fierce competition.
在百舸争流的时代，不进则退。
Literary— Survival of the fittest; the best win and the weak are eliminated.
市场经济就是优胜劣汰。
Formal/Scientific— To gain mastery by striking only after the enemy has struck.
虽然起步晚，但我们可以后发制人。
Strategic— To strike first to gain the upper hand.
在商业竞争中，有时需要先发制人。
Strategic— To be the very best; to come out first in an exam or contest.
他在这次比赛中独占鳌头。
Literary— To be among the best; to rank at the top.
他的成绩在班里名列前茅。
Neutral— Striving to be first and fearing to be last.
大家争先恐后地报名参加比赛。
Neutral— To run neck and neck; to be of equal strength.
这两家公司的技术水平并驾齐驱。
Neutral— To stand out from the crowd; talent revealing itself.
他在众多的应聘者中脱颖而出。
Positiveبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both relate to competition.
'竞争性' (jìngzhēngxìng) describes the nature of a process (e.g., a competitive bidding process), while '有竞争力的' describes the strength of the subject.
这是一个竞争性的行业。(This is a competitive industry - nature). vs 这是一个有竞争力的公司。(This is a competitive company - strength).
Both imply being better than others.
'优越' (yōuyuè) means 'superior' or 'privileged', often used for conditions or status. '有竞争力
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Subject] + 很有竞争力。
这个价格很有竞争力。
为了[Goal]，我们需要更[Adjective]。
为了更有竞争力，我们需要学习。
[Subject] 比 [Object] 更有竞争力。
我们的产品比他们的更有竞争力。
[Subject] 凭借 [Reason] 具有竞争力。
该产品凭借低价格具有竞争力。
保持 [Subject] 的竞争力是 [Objective]。
保持产品的竞争力是我们的目标。
在 [Context] 下，[Subject] 极具竞争力。
在全球化背景下，该技术极具竞争力。
[Subject] 是否具有竞争力取决于 [Factor]。
这是否具有竞争力取决于质量。
[Subject] 的核心竞争力源于 [Abstract Source]。
其核心竞争力源于不断的自我进化。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Very high in business, news, and education domains.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Yo! Jing-Zheng-Li!' 'Yo' (有) is like 'I have'. 'Jing-Zheng' sounds like 'Ging-Geng' (strong/tough in some dialects). 'Li' is 'Lee' (like Bruce Lee's power). So: 'I have strong Lee power' = Competitive!
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a runner (the subject) holding a glowing battery (the 'Li' power) while sprinting past others. The battery is labeled 'Competitiveness'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to describe three things in your room that are '有竞争力的' and explain why using the '因为...所以...' structure.
ریشه کلمه
The phrase is a modern compound. '有' (to have) is ancient. '竞争' (competition) entered modern Chinese via Japanese translations of Western economic terms in the late 19th century. '力' (power) adds the sense of capability.
معنای اصلی: Possessing the power to contend or struggle with others for resources or status.
Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).بافت فرهنگی
Be careful when describing people; calling someone '有竞争力的' is a compliment on their skills, but in a social setting, calling someone '好胜' (competitive personality) can sometimes imply they are difficult to get along with.
In English, 'competitive' often has a positive connotation of being 'good value' or a neutral/positive connotation of 'ambitious'. In Chinese, it is almost exclusively positive in a business sense, though it can imply a high-pressure environment.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Job Interview
- 我有竞争力的技能是...
- 我的背景很有竞争力。
- 如何提高我的竞争力？
- 贵公司的薪水有竞争力吗？
Shopping/Business
- 价格很有竞争力。
- 性价比很高。
- 同类产品中，这个最有竞争力。
- 我们需要更有竞争力的定价。
Sports
- 这支球队很有竞争力。
- 他们是强有力的竞争对手。
- 保持竞争状态。
- 这场比赛很有竞争力。
Education
- 考名牌大学很有竞争力。
- 提高学术竞争力。
- 有竞争力的专业。
- 竞争激烈的环境。
Technology
- 核心技术竞争力。
- 产品迭代保持竞争力。
- 具有竞争力的参数。
- 在行业内领先且有竞争力。
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"你觉得这款新手机的价格有竞争力吗？ (Do you think the price of this new phone is competitive?)"
"在你的行业，什么样的技能最具有竞争力？ (In your industry, what kind of skills are most competitive?)"
"为了让简历更有竞争力，你做了哪些准备？ (What preparations have you made to make your resume more competitive?)"
"你认为这家公司在市场上还有竞争力吗？ (Do you think this company still has competitiveness in the market?)"
"如何才能在激烈的社会竞争中保持竞争力？ (How can one maintain competitiveness in intense social competition?)"
موضوعات نگارش
写一写你认为自己最有竞争力的一项技能。 (Write about a skill you think is your most competitive.)
讨论一下为什么有些公司会失去竞争力。 (Discuss why some companies lose their competitiveness.)
你认为追求‘有竞争力’的生活累吗？为什么？ (Do you think pursuing a 'competitive' life is tiring? Why?)
描述一个你参与过的、非常有竞争力的比赛。 (Describe a very competitive competition you participated in.)
如果一个国家想提高国际竞争力，应该优先发展什么？ (If a country wants to improve its international competitiveness, what should it prioritize?)
Summary
Use '有竞争力的' to describe high-value subjects in a market. Example: '有竞争力的价格' (A competitive price) sounds professional and analytical.
- Meaning 'competitive', used for things or people with a strong advantage.
- Composed of '有' (have), '竞争' (compete), '力' (power), and '的' (adjective marker).
- Commonly applied to prices, salaries, products, and professional skills.
- Essential for business Chinese and discussing personal success in a meritocratic society.
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر business
本事
A2Skill; ability; capability.
相应地
B1به همان نسبت / بر این اساس. برای نشان دادن اینکه اقدامی متناسب با تغییر قبلی انجام میشود استفاده میشود.
账号
A2شماره حساب یا شناسه کاربری که برای دسترسی به خدمات بانکی یا آنلاین استفاده میشود.
客户经理
A2مدیر حساب که مسئول مدیریت روابط با مشتریان است.
账户
B1A record of financial transactions for an individual or business, usually at a bank; or a user profile for a digital service.
会计
A2حسابدار فردی است که سوابق مالی را مدیریت میکند.
收购
B1خریدن یا تصاحب یک شرکت.
商业活动
A2Business activity.
广告费
A2هزینه تبلیغات. پولی که برای ترویج یک محصول یا خدمات پرداخت میشود.
调整
B1ما باید استراتژی بازاریابی خود را برای سه ماهه آینده تنظیم کنیم.
