病历 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 病历 (bìnglì) is the Chinese word for 'medical record,' essential for navigating any hospital or clinic in China.
- It can refer to a physical booklet (病历本) or a modern electronic system (电子病历).
- Commonly used verbs with it include '带' (bring), '看' (look/read), and '复印' (photocopy).
- It is a B1 level word that is crucial for both daily life and formal medical/legal contexts.
The term 病历 (bìnglì) is a fundamental noun in the Chinese medical landscape, primarily referring to a patient's medical record or clinical history. In a literal sense, '病' (bìng) means illness or disease, and '历' (lì) refers to history, experience, or records. Together, they form the official documentation of a patient's health journey, including diagnoses, treatments, and physician notes. Whether you are visiting a small community clinic or a massive Grade-A hospital in Shanghai, the bìnglì is the central document that follows you. In the modern era, this has transitioned from the traditional physical 'handbook' (often a small booklet the patient carries) to sophisticated Electronic Medical Records (EMR), known as 电子病历 (diànzǐ bìnglì).
- Clinical Context
- In clinical settings, the 病历 is used by doctors to track the progression of a condition. It serves as a legal document and a communication tool between different departments, such as radiology, pharmacy, and surgery.
- Administrative Context
- For insurance claims or legal disputes, the 病历 provides the objective evidence of medical necessity and the specific care provided to the individual.
医生正在仔细查看我的病历，以确定过敏史。 (The doctor is carefully checking my medical record to determine my allergy history.)
Unlike in some Western countries where records are held strictly by the hospital, in many parts of China, patients were historically responsible for carrying their own physical 病历本 (medical record book) to every appointment. If you lost it, you lost your history. Today, while systems are centralized, the concept of the patient 'owning' their record remains culturally significant. Using this word correctly signals that you understand the formal side of healthcare, moving beyond just saying 'I am sick' to 'I am managing my medical documentation.'
请出示您的病历卡。 (Please show your medical record card.)
Using 病历 requires an understanding of specific verbs that collocate with medical administration. It is almost always treated as a countable noun, often paired with the measure word 份 (fèn) for a file or document, or 本 (běn) for a physical book. When a doctor writes in your record, they are '写病历' or '记录病历'. When a hospital archives it, they '存档病历'. For a learner at the B1 level, the most common interactions involve 'bringing' (带), 'showing' (出示), or 'filling out' (填写) the record.
- Common Verbs
- 调取 (diàoqǔ - to retrieve), 完善 (wánshàn - to complete/improve), 打印 (dǎyìn - to print), 翻译 (fānyì - to translate).
这份病历记录了他过去五年的所有手术。 (This medical record documents all his surgeries over the past five years.)
In complex sentences, bìnglì often acts as the object of a prepositional phrase concerning privacy or data. For example, '保护病历隐私' (protecting medical record privacy) is a major topic in modern Chinese healthcare discussions. If you are applying for a visa or insurance, you might be asked to provide a '病历复印件' (photocopy of medical record). Note that '病历' can also be used as an attributive to describe other nouns, such as '病历库' (medical record database) or '病历号' (medical record number).
由于系统故障，医生无法打开电子病历。 (Due to a system failure, the doctor cannot open the electronic medical record.)
In daily life in China, you will encounter 病历 most frequently at the '挂号' (registration) counter of a hospital. The receptionist might ask, '你有病历本吗？' (Do you have a medical record book?). If it is your first time, they will say, '你需要买一本新病历。' (You need to buy a new medical record book). This is a unique cultural experience for many expats, as the physical book is often a small, thin blue or white booklet that costs about 1 or 2 RMB.
- In the Doctor's Office
- The doctor will say '把病历给我' (Give me the medical record) before they even start the physical examination. They will flip through the pages to see what previous doctors have written in their often-unintelligible handwriting (医生手写体).
看病时，请务必带上您的病历。 (When seeing a doctor, please be sure to bring your medical record.)
You will also hear it in news reports concerning '医疗纠纷' (medical disputes). In these contexts, the 'authenticity of the medical record' (病历的真实性) is often a point of contention. In workplace settings, if you take a long sick leave, the HR department might ask for '病历证明' (medical record proof) or '病假条' (sick note), though the 病历 itself is more detailed than a simple note. On television dramas (especially medical procedurals), characters will often '偷看病历' (sneak a look at a medical record) to discover a secret illness, adding a layer of dramatic tension to the word.
保险公司要求我提交一份完整的病历。 (The insurance company required me to submit a complete medical record.)
The most frequent mistake learners make with 病历 is the confusion with its homophone 病例 (bìnglì). While they sound identical, the second character makes a massive difference. '历' (history/record) vs '例' (example/case). If you are talking about your own file, use 病历. If you are talking about 'the first case of COVID-19', use 病例. Confusing these in writing is a common 'typo' even for native speakers, but in a professional medical context, it is a significant error.
- Mistake: Confusing with 'Prescription'
- Many students use 病历 when they actually mean 处方 (chǔfāng - prescription). A 病历 contains your history; a 处方 is specifically the slip for getting medicine.
错误：医生给我写了一份病例。 (Wrong: The doctor wrote me a 'case'.)
正确：医生给我写了一份病历。 (Correct: The doctor wrote me a medical record.)
Another mistake is using the wrong measure word. Beginners often use '个' (gè) for everything. While '一个病历' is understood, it sounds uneducated. Using '一份' (yī fèn) or '一本' (yī běn) immediately elevates your Chinese level. Furthermore, some learners try to translate 'medical history' as '病历史' (bìng lìshǐ). While 'lìshǐ' is history, in medical contexts, the term is either '病史' (bìngshǐ) for the history itself or '病历' for the document containing it. Using '病历史' sounds very unnatural.
请不要把我的病历弄丢了。 (Please don't lose my medical record.)
Understanding the nuances between 病历 and its synonyms helps in achieving precision. The most closely related word is 病史 (bìngshǐ). While often used interchangeably in casual speech, '病史' refers to the abstract 'medical history' (the facts of your past illnesses), whereas '病历' refers to the concrete 'medical record' (the document). A doctor asks about your '病史' and records it in your '病历'.
- 病案 (bìng'àn)
- This is a more formal, archival term. Hospitals have a '病案室' (Medical Records Department) where files are stored long-term. It sounds more 'legal' or 'institutional' than '病历'.
- 诊断书 (zhěnduànshū)
- This refers specifically to the 'Diagnosis Certificate'. A 病历 contains many things, but a 诊断书 is the specific paper stating what disease you have.
医生在病历里记录了详细的病史。 (The doctor recorded a detailed medical history in the medical record.)
Another alternative is 医疗记录 (yīliáo jìlù), which is a direct translation of 'medical records'. It is used in general contexts and is very clear, but it lacks the specific 'hospital culture' feel of '病历'. In very informal settings, people might just say '我的本子' (my booklet) when referring to the physical 病历本 they carry to the clinic. Choosing '病历' is the safest and most standard way to communicate in any health-related scenario in China.
我们需要查阅您的病案以进行研究。 (We need to consult your medical files for research.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character '历' (lì) contains the radical for 'cliff' or 'factory' in its simplified form, but its traditional form '歷' contains 'stop' and 'grove', implying walking through a forest of events.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'li' as 'li' (third tone) like '礼'. It must be a sharp falling tone.
- Nasalizing the 'ing' too much or too little.
- Confusing the tones with '冰粒' (bīnglì - ice pellets), which has a first tone on the first character.
سطح دشواری
The characters are relatively simple, but medical records themselves are hard to read.
Writing '病' and '历' correctly requires practice with radicals.
Pronunciation is straightforward as long as tones are correct.
Easy to confuse with '病例' (case) in fast speech.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Measure words for documents (份, 本)
两份病历，一本书。
Resultative complements (写好, 记录下)
医生已经写好了病历。
Directional complements (拿出来, 递给)
请把病历拿出来递给医生。
Passive voice with '被'
病历被护士拿走了。
Topic-comment structure
这份病历，我已经看过了。
مثالها بر اساس سطح
这是我的病历。
This is my medical record.
Simple 'Subject + be + Object' structure.
我要买一本病历。
I want to buy a medical record (book).
Using '本' as a measure word for the booklet.
病历在哪里？
Where is the medical record?
Basic 'Where' question.
医生看病历。
The doctor looks at the medical record.
Simple SVO sentence.
你的病历呢？
What about your medical record?
Using '呢' for a follow-up question.
请给我病历。
Please give me the medical record.
Polite request using '请'.
病历本很便宜。
The medical record book is very cheap.
Adjective sentence with '很'.
这是新病历。
This is a new medical record.
Using '新' as an adjective.
我忘了带病历本了。
I forgot to bring the medical record book.
Using '了' to indicate a change of state or completed action.
请在这本病历上写名字。
Please write your name on this medical record book.
Prepositional phrase '在...上'.
护士把病历拿走了。
The nurse took the medical record away.
Basic '把' construction.
我的病历号是多少？
What is my medical record number?
Compound noun '病历号'.
医生在病历里写了什么？
What did the doctor write in the medical record?
Question word '什么'.
我需要一本新的病历。
I need a new medical record book.
Using '需要' for necessity.
病历上有你的地址吗？
Is your address on the medical record?
Existence question with '吗'.
他正在看他的旧病历。
He is looking at his old medical record.
Continuous aspect '正在'.
你可以去窗口打印你的病历。
You can go to the window to print your medical record.
Using '可以' for possibility.
保险公司需要一份病历复印件。
The insurance company needs a photocopy of the medical record.
Compound noun '病历复印件'.
医生正在调取你的电子病历。
The doctor is retrieving your electronic medical record.
Specific verb '调取'.
这份病历记录了你的过敏情况。
This medical record records your allergy situation.
Measure word '份' for documents.
由于没带病历，我得重新挂号。
Because I didn't bring the record, I have to register again.
Causal conjunction '由于'.
请确保病历里的信息是准确的。
Please ensure the information in the medical record is accurate.
Imperative '确保'.
他把所有的病历都放在一个文件夹里。
He puts all the medical records in one folder.
'把' construction with '都'.
这张卡关联了你的所有病历信息。
This card is linked to all your medical record information.
Using '关联' for linking data.
病历的隐私保护是一个重要的问题。
The protection of medical record privacy is an important issue.
Abstract noun phrase as a subject.
医生在病历中详细描述了手术过程。
The doctor described the surgical process in detail in the medical record.
Adverbial '详细' modifying '描述'.
我们需要核对病历上的诊断结果。
We need to verify the diagnosis results on the medical record.
Verb '核对' meaning to verify/check.
电子病历系统提高了医院的效率。
The electronic medical record system has improved hospital efficiency.
Complex subject '电子病历系统'.
如果病历丢失，补办手续非常麻烦。
If the medical record is lost, the replacement procedure is very troublesome.
Conditional '如果...就/...'.
病人有权查阅自己的病历。
Patients have the right to consult their own medical records.
Phrase '有权' (have the right to).
这份病历是医疗纠纷中的关键证据。
This medical record is key evidence in the medical dispute.
Noun phrase '关键证据'.
由于病历记录不全，无法判断死因。
Due to incomplete medical records, the cause of death cannot be determined.
Resultative '不全' (incomplete).
医生书写病历时必须遵循严格的规范。
Doctors must follow strict standards when writing medical records.
Formal verb '遵循'.
通过分析海量病历，研究人员发现了新的疗法。
By analyzing massive amounts of medical records, researchers discovered new treatments.
Prepositional phrase '通过...'.
病历档案的数字化转型已基本完成。
The digital transformation of medical record archives has been largely completed.
Abstract noun '数字化转型'.
该项研究引用了过去十年的病历数据。
This research cited medical record data from the past ten years.
Formal verb '引用'.
任何篡改病历的行为都将受到法律制裁。
Any act of tampering with medical records will be subject to legal sanctions.
Legal terminology '法律制裁'.
主治医生对这份病历的真实性提出了质疑。
The attending physician questioned the authenticity of this medical record.
Phrase '提出质疑' (to raise doubts).
病历中记录的家族史对诊断至关重要。
The family history recorded in the medical record is vital for the diagnosis.
Adjective '至关重要' (crucial).
我们需要对病历进行脱敏处理后再用于研究。
We need to de-identify the medical records before using them for research.
Technical term '脱敏处理' (de-identification).
病历不仅是医疗记录，更是人类对抗疾病的史诗。
The medical record is not just a medical log, but an epic of humanity's fight against disease.
Rhetorical structure '不仅是...更是...'.
在伦理层面，病历的所有权归属仍存争议。
On an ethical level, the ownership of medical records remains controversial.
Formal phrase '仍存争议'.
数字化病历的互联互通是构建智慧医疗的基石。
The interconnectivity of digital medical records is the cornerstone of building smart healthcare.
Metaphorical '基石' (cornerstone).
深度学习算法正被应用于病历文本的自动解析。
Deep learning algorithms are being applied to the automatic parsing of medical record text.
Passive voice '被应用于'.
病历中蕴含的临床智慧是医学教育的宝贵财富。
The clinical wisdom contained in medical records is a precious asset for medical education.
Formal verb '蕴含' (contain/embody).
跨机构的病历共享机制亟待完善。
The cross-institutional medical record sharing mechanism urgently needs to be improved.
Formal adverb '亟待' (urgently need).
病历书写的精细化程度反映了医院的管理水平。
The degree of refinement in medical record writing reflects the management level of a hospital.
Noun phrase '精细化程度'.
从纸质病历到云端存储，体现了科技对医疗的重塑。
From paper records to cloud storage, it reflects the reshaping of healthcare by technology.
Structure '从...到...'.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To bring the medical record. Essential advice for patients.
去看病一定要带上病历。
— To write the medical record. What the doctor does during the visit.
医生正在低头写病历。
— To check the medical record. Done by doctors or insurance agents.
我要查一下你的病历。
— Lost the medical record. A common problem with paper booklets.
我的病历弄丢了，怎么办？
— To show/present the medical record. Formal request.
请向护士出示您的病历。
— Medical record proof. Often used for work or school excuses.
他提交了病历证明来请假。
— To establish/create a medical record. For first-time patients.
我们需要为您建立一份新病历。
— To translate a medical record. For going abroad.
他找人把病历翻译成了英文。
— To organize medical records. For long-term patients.
她把家人的病历都整理好了。
— The entries within a medical record.
病历记录显示他有高血压。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Sounds exactly the same. Means a 'case' of a disease, not the record of a person.
Means 'resume'. Both have '历' (history), but one is for jobs, one for health.
Means 'sick leave'. You use a 病历 to apply for a 病假.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To prescribe the right medicine for an illness. Often based on the record.
看了病历后，医生对症下药。
Common— Heal the wounded and rescue the dying. The spirit of those who write records.
医生们在病历间忙碌，履行救死扶伤的天职。
Formal— A magical touch that brings back spring (cures). Often praised in a patient's record.
这本病历见证了他妙手回春的医术。
Literary— As soon as the medicine arrives, the disease is removed. The goal recorded in a 病历.
病历上记录了病人药到病除的过程。
Common— An incurable disease. A tragic entry in a medical record.
病历上的诊断是不治之症。
Neutral— To rise from the dead. A miraculous recovery noted in a record.
这份病历记录了一次起死回生的抢救。
Literary— Illness enters through the mouth. A common cause noted in records.
医生在病历上提醒病人注意病从口入。
Proverb— To share trials and tribulations. Often describing the doctor-patient relationship.
这叠厚厚的病历是他们患难与共的见证。
Emotional— Clear as day. How a good medical record should be written.
病历里的记录写得一清二楚。
Common— To know like the back of one's hand. A doctor's knowledge after reading the record.
医生看了病历，对病情了如指掌。
Commonبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Identical pronunciation.
病历 is your personal file; 病例 is an instance of a disease used for statistics or study.
这个城市发现了三个病例。
Similar meaning.
病史 is the abstract history; 病历 is the physical document containing that history.
医生询问了我
الگوهای جملهسازی
这是我的 + [noun]
这是我的病历。
我忘了带 + [noun] + 了
我忘了带病历了。
请把 + [noun] + 给我
请把病历给我。
医生在 + [noun] + 里写了...
医生在病历里写了过敏史。
由于...，无法 + [verb]
由于没带病历，无法看病。
[noun] + 对...至关重要
病历对诊断至关重要。
通过分析...，发现...
通过分析病历，发现了病因。
[noun] + 的互联互通是...的基石
病历的互联互通是智慧医疗的基石。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Extremely frequent in medical contexts.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Bing' (the sound of a bell when you are sick) and 'Lee' (the history of your life). Bing-Li is the history of your sick times.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a small blue booklet with a red cross on it. That is your 病历本.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to describe your last doctor's visit using the word 病历 at least three times.
ریشه کلمه
The word is a compound of '病' (bìng - illness) and '历' (lì - history/record). It emerged in modern Chinese to standardize medical documentation.
معنای اصلی: Records of illness history.
Sino-Tibetan (Chinese).بافت فرهنگی
Medical records are highly private. Never ask to see someone's 病历 unless you are a close family member or medical professional.
In the US/UK, patients rarely see their full 'medical record' unless they request a copy. In China, seeing the doctor write in your record is part of the standard visit.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
At the Hospital Registration
- 我要买病历本。
- 这是我的病历卡。
- 请问病历号是多少？
- 我没带病历。
Inside the Doctor's Office
- 医生在写病历。
- 请看我的旧病历。
- 病历里写了什么？
- 我能复印病历吗？
At the Insurance Company
- 我需要病历复印件。
- 这份病历有效吗？
- 请提供完整的病历。
- 病历上有盖章吗？
Pharmacy
- 请根据病历拿药。
- 病历上有药名。
- 我要核对病历。
- 病历里没有这个药。
Legal/HR
- 请提交病历证明。
- 病历是真实有效的。
- 他伪造了病历。
- 查阅病历档案。
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"医生，您能在我的病历上写清楚一点吗？"
"你去看病的时候，通常会带纸质病历还是电子病历？"
"如果病历本丢了，你知道该怎么补办吗？"
"你觉得电子病历对保护隐私有好处吗？"
"保险公司要求我提供过去三年的病历，这太麻烦了。"
موضوعات نگارش
描述一次你忘记带病历去医院的经历。
你认为未来的病历会是什么样子的？请用中文写下你的想法。
对比一下你国家和中国的病历管理系统有什么不同。
写一段对话，模拟在医院窗口打印病历的过程。
如果你是一名医生，你会如何保证病历记录的准确性？
Summary
The word 病历 (bìnglì) means 'medical record' and is a vital part of the Chinese healthcare experience. For example: '请带上你的病历' (Please bring your medical record). It is a countable noun often used with '份' or '本'.
- 病历 (bìnglì) is the Chinese word for 'medical record,' essential for navigating any hospital or clinic in China.
- It can refer to a physical booklet (病历本) or a modern electronic system (电子病历).
- Commonly used verbs with it include '带' (bring), '看' (look/read), and '复印' (photocopy).
- It is a B1 level word that is crucial for both daily life and formal medical/legal contexts.
مثال
医生仔细查阅了我的病历。
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر health
一粒
A2یک دانه یا یک قرص. برای اشیاء کوچک و گرد مانند برنج یا بذر استفاده میشود. 'یک قرص' میشود '一粒药'.
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2غیرطبیعی، ناهنجار؛ چیزی که مطابق روال معمول نیست.
以上
A2بالاتر از، بیشتر از (یک عدد). به مقدار یا سطحی اشاره دارد که برابر یا بیشتر از یک نقطه مرجع مشخص است.
酸痛
A2بعد از ورزش تمام بدنم درد میکند.
倒是
A2در عوض؛ در واقع. برای نشان دادن یک تضاد غیرمنتظره استفاده میشود.
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
A2آمپول زدن یا طب سوزنی انجام دادن.
急性
B1حاد (بیماری): به وضعیتی اطلاق میشود که ناگهان شروع شده و معمولاً شدید اما کوتاهمدت است. حاد (بیماری): هنگام صحبت در مورد بیماریها، «حاد» چیزی را توصیف میکند که به سرعت شروع میشود و شدید است، اما مدت زیادی طول نمیکشد.
急性病
B1یک بیماری حاد که ناگهان ظاهر می شود و دوره کوتاهی دارد.
