B1 · 中級 チャプター 4

The Power of Infinitives

5 トータルルール
52 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Transform actions into nouns to express desires, purposes, and fears like a native speaker.

  • Master the 'reverse logic' of Hindi postpositions.
  • Convert verbs into nouns to talk about hobbies and tasks.
  • Express complex reasons and comparisons using the -ne form.
Unlock the versatility of verbs to speak with purpose.

学べること

Hey friend! Ready to take a huge leap in your Hindi and start sounding like a native? This chapter,

The Power of Infinitives,
is going to be your key to speaking fluently. It's time to say goodbye to simple sentences and move on to more complex and natural expressions! Here, you'll learn how to turn verbs into nouns – yes, you heard that right, actions become things! This skill lets you talk about your hobbies, obligations, or even the reasons behind your actions. For instance, how do you say
I go to the market to buy vegetables
or
I have to study
? Next, we'll see how postpositions, which have a 'reverse logic' in Hindi (like London in instead of in London), combine with these verbal nouns. You'll learn how your verb's ending changes (from «-nā» to -ne) whenever a postposition follows it – a small but crucial transformation! With -ne ke liye, you'll master expressing exactly *why* you're doing something, like "I'm learning Hindi to speak with my friends. And using -ne se," you can discuss causes, express what you're afraid *of* doing ("I'm afraid of flying
), or even make comparisons (
Learning Hindi is better than doing nothing"). By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently and naturally talk about your intentions, the reasons for your actions, and make nuanced comparisons. Ready to supercharge your Hindi? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to correctly place postpositions after nouns and verbs.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to use infinitives as subjects to discuss likes and obligations.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to modify verb endings to the oblique form when followed by postpositions.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to explain the purpose of your actions using '-ne ke liye'.
  5. 5
    By the end you will be able to express fears and make comparisons between actions using '-ne se'.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey friend! Welcome to
The Power of Infinitives,
your essential guide to mastering more complex and natural-sounding Hindi grammar at the B1 CEFR level. This chapter is designed to help you move beyond basic sentence structures and truly start expressing yourself like a native speaker.
We're diving deep into how verbs can transform into nouns, allowing you to talk about actions as concepts, hobbies, or even obligations. Imagine being able to say
I love reading books
or
I have to study,
and not just I read books. This is where infinitives shine! You'll learn the crucial role of Hindi postpositions and how they interact with these verbal nouns, specifically the shift from the -nā infinitive form to the -ne oblique form.
This subtle but powerful change is key to unlocking advanced conversational skills. Get ready to supercharge your B1 Hindi and express purpose, cause, and comparisons with ease.

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of Hindi infinitives is the base form of a verb ending in -nā (e.g., khānā - to eat, jānā - to go, paṛhnā - to study). This -nā form acts like a noun itself, often meaning
the act of eating,
the going, or eating as a concept. For instance, khānā achhā hai (Eating is good).
This simple infinitive can also express obligation, like mujhe jānā hai (I have to go).
However, the real power comes when this infinitive interacts with Hindi postpositions. Hindi's 'reverse logic' for postpositions means they come *after* the noun or pronoun they relate to (e.g., ghar mein - in the house). When an infinitive (ending in -nā) is followed by a postposition, it obligatorily changes to its oblique form, ending in -ne.
This is a fundamental rule for Hindi oblique infinitives.
Let's look at some key applications:
1. Expressing Purpose: Using '-ne ke liye'
To say in order to or
for the purpose of,
you use the -ne ke liye structure. The infinitive changes to -ne, followed by ke liye.
* main sabzi kharidne ke liye bazaar jaatā hoon (I go to the market to buy vegetables.)
* vo Hindi sīkhne ke liye Bharat gayā (He went to India to learn Hindi.)
2. Oblique Infinitive with 'se'
The postposition se has many uses, and with the -ne infinitive, it can express cause, fear of something, or comparisons.
* Cause: zyādā khāne se pet dard hotā hai (Eating too much causes a stomach ache.)
* Fear of: mujhe akele yātrā karne se ḍar lagtā hai (I am afraid of traveling alone.)
* Comparison (better than): paṛhne se achhā kuchh nahīn hai (There is nothing better than studying.)
3. Oblique Infinitive with 'kā' (or 'ke', 'kī')
While less common for direct purpose, -ne kā (or ke/kī depending on gender/number) can indicate something *of* an action or a tendency.
* usko gāne kā shauq hai (He has a hobby of singing / He likes to sing.)
Remember, whenever a postposition follows an infinitive, that -nā *must* become -ne. Mastering this transformation is a significant step in your B1 Hindi grammar journey!

Common Mistakes

Learning B1 Hindi grammar can have its tricky spots, especially with infinitives. Here are some common errors to watch out for:
  1. 1✗ Wrong: main sabzi kharidnā ke liye bazaar jaatā hoon. (I go to the market to buy vegetables.)
✓ Correct: main sabzi kharidne ke liye bazaar jaatā hoon. (I go to the market to buy vegetables.)
*Explanation:* The infinitive kharidnā (to buy) must change to its oblique form kharidne when followed by the postposition phrase ke liye. This is a core rule for Hindi oblique infinitives.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: mujhe ḍar lagtā hai akelā yātrā karnā. (I am afraid of traveling alone.)
✓ Correct: mujhe akele yātrā karne se ḍar lagtā hai. (I am afraid of traveling alone.)
*Explanation:* When expressing
afraid of [doing something],
you need the oblique infinitive karne followed by the postposition se. The correct structure is [infinitive in -ne] se ḍar lagtā hai.

Real Conversations

Here are some examples of how these infinitive structures appear in everyday Hindi conversations:

A

A

tum roj gym kyon jaate ho? (Why do you go to the gym every day?)
B

B

main fit rahne ke liye roj gym jaatā hoon. (I go to the gym every day to stay fit.)
A

A

aapko naye logon se milne mein kaisā lagtā hai? (How do you feel about meeting new people?)
B

B

mujhe naye logon se milne mein khushi milti hai, par kabhi-kabhi shuru karne se ḍar lagtā hai. (I get joy from meeting new people, but sometimes I'm afraid to start.)
A

A

tumhe kya lagta hai, online paṛhne se offline paṛhnā behtar hai? (What do you think, is studying online better than studying offline?)
B

B

mere liye, online paṛhne se samay kī bachat hotī hai, lekin offline paṛhne se behtar samajh aatī hai. (For me, studying online saves time, but studying offline brings better understanding.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the main difference between -nā and -ne infinitive forms in Hindi grammar?

The -nā form is the basic infinitive (e.g., khānā - to eat) which can act as a noun or express general obligation. The -ne form is the *oblique* infinitive (e.g., khāne) used specifically when the infinitive is followed by a postposition like ke liye, se, or mein.

Q

How do I express to do something for a specific purpose in B1 Hindi?

You use the -ne ke liye structure. Take the verb, change its -nā ending to -ne, and add ke liye. For example, pānī pīne ke liye (to drink water).

Q

Can infinitives be used to talk about obligations in everyday Hindi conversations?

Yes, absolutely! The simple -nā infinitive followed by a form of honā (to be) often expresses obligation. For instance, mujhe paṛhnā hai (I have to study) or mujhe jānā hogā (I will have to go).

Q

What does -ne se mean in Hindi and when is it used?

The -ne se construction is used to express cause (zyādā khāne se - by eating too much), fear of doing something (so jane se ḍar lagtā hai - afraid of sleeping), or in comparisons meaning than [doing something] (paṛhne se achhā - better than studying).

Cultural Context

These infinitive structures are incredibly common and vital for sounding natural in Hindi conversations. Native speakers use -ne ke liye constantly to explain motivations and intentions, making communication much clearer and more nuanced. The ability to articulate *why* you're doing something, or the consequences of an action using -ne se, is a hallmark of fluent B1 Hindi.
It adds depth to your sentences, moving beyond simple statements to expressing complex thoughts and feelings. Mastering these patterns reflects a deeper understanding of the language's logical flow and helps you connect more authentically with speakers.

重要な例文 (6)

1

Kya tum kamre mein ho?

部屋の中にいるの？

ヒンディー語の後置詞：逆転のロジック
2

Mujhe (mujh ko) yah pasand hai.

これが好きです。（私にとって、これは好ましい）

ヒンディー語の後置詞：逆転のロジック
3

Zyādā sonā sehat ke liye burā hai.

寝すぎは健康に良くないです。

ヒンディー語の不定詞：名詞や義務としての動詞 (-nā/-ne)
4

Mujhe abhī ek zarūrī call karnī hai.

今、大事な電話をかけなきゃいけません。

ヒンディー語の不定詞：名詞や義務としての動詞 (-nā/-ne)
5

मैं अंग्रेज़ी सीखने के लिए ये ऐप यूज़ करता हूँ।

私は英語を学ぶためにこのアプリを使っています。

ヒンディー語の斜格不定詞：'ke liye', 'se', 'kā' と共に使う動詞（-ne 形）
6

मुझे सोने दो, कल सुबह फ्लाइट है।

寝かせて、明日朝にフライトがあるんだ。

ヒンディー語の斜格不定詞：'ke liye', 'se', 'kā' と共に使う動詞（-ne 形）

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

ヨーダ風の語順で考えよう

英語の 'In the room' は、ヒンディー語（ヨーダ風）だと 'Room in'！この逆さまの語順に慣れるのが近道だよ。 Room mein
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の後置詞：逆転のロジック
🎯

ムンバイ流のショートカット

ムンバイのカジュアルな会話では『पीने के लिए』の代わりに『पीने को』と言うことがあります。すごく現地っぽく聞こえますよ！ «पीने को»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の不定詞：名詞や義務としての動詞 (-nā/-ne)
💡

「〜する人」の vālā

名詞の前に置く 'vālā' もこのルールの仲間です。動詞を oblique 形にしてから繋げます。
Dillī mẽ rahne vālā dost.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の斜格不定詞：'ke liye', 'se', 'kā' と共に使う動詞（-ne 形）
💡

移動の動詞なら「省略」が自然！

「行く(jaana)」や「来る(aana)」を使うときは、'ke liye' を言わないほうがネイティブっぽく聞こえるよ。例えば: Main khaane gaya.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 目的の表現：ヒンディー語で「〜するために」と言う方法 (-ne ke liye)

重要な語彙 (7)

सीखना(seekhna) to learn डरना(darna) to be afraid ज़रूरी(zaroori) necessary कोशिश(koshish) effort/attempt इंतज़ार(intezaar) wait/waiting सब्ज़ी(sabzi) vegetable बेहतर(behtar) better

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Planning a Market Trip

languages

Discussing Language Learning

Review Summary

  • [Noun/Verb] + [Postposition]
  • Verb Root + nā
  • Verb Root + ne + [Postposition]

よくある間違い

You must use the oblique (-ne) form of the verb when a postposition like 'ke liye' follows it.

Wrong: बोलना के लिए (bolna ke liye)
正解: बोलने के लिए (bolne ke liye)

Hindi uses post-positions, not pre-positions. The direction is always 'Noun + Position'.

Wrong: में घर (mein ghar)
正解: घर में (ghar mein)

When expressing obligation ('I have to go'), don't forget the auxiliary verb 'hai'. Without it, the sentence is incomplete.

Wrong: मुझे जाना (mujhe jaana)
正解: मुझे जाना है (mujhe jaana hai)

このチャプターのルール (5)

1

ヒンディー語の後置詞：逆転のロジック

B1
「逆さま」に考えて！英語の 'in' や 'at' が名詞の後に来るイメージで、直前の単語を «斜格» に変身させるのがコツだよ。
Kya tum kamre mein ho?
11 例文
2

ヒンディー語の不定詞：名詞や義務としての動詞 (-nā/-ne)

B1
不定詞をマスターすれば、趣味の紹介から「〜しなきゃ」という義務まで、表現の幅がグッと広がります。 «ना»、«ने»、«नी» の使い分けがポイントです。
Zyādā sonā sehat ke liye burā hai.
10 例文
3

ヒンディー語の斜格不定詞：'ke liye', 'se', 'kā' と共に使う動詞（-ne 形）

B1
動詞の語尾を «-nā» から -ne に変える魔法のルール。後ろに「後置詞」や「特定の助動詞」が来たら変身させよう！
मैं अंग्रेज़ी सीखने के लिए ये ऐप यूज़ करता हूँ।
11 例文
4

目的の表現：ヒンディー語で「〜するために」と言う方法 (-ne ke liye)

B1
「なぜそれをするのか」という目的を伝えたいときは、動詞を -ne の形にして ke liye を付け足すだけでOKだよ！
Main Hindi seekhne ke liye yeh app istemaal karta...
10 例文
5

Se を伴う斜格不定詞（～するのが怖い、～するより）

B1
動詞を「-ne」形にして se を繋げるだけで、原因や比較、回避のニュアンスを表現できます。ポイントは ne と se のセット使い！
सच बोलने से मत डरो।
10 例文

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a major level of Hindi fluency! Being able to connect actions with reasons is what makes your speech sound natural and mature. Keep practicing those -ne endings!

Write 5 'Why' questions and answers about your daily routine.

Record yourself saying what you are afraid of and what you love doing.

Continue to: Describing Actions and Obligations

クイック練習 (10)

'bolnā' (話す) を正しい形にして空欄を埋めてください。

Mujhe sach ___ se dar nahī̃ lagtā.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bolne
後置詞 'se' があるので、不定詞 'bolnā' は斜格形の 'bolne' に変化します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の斜格不定詞：'ke liye', 'se', 'kā' と共に使う動詞（-ne 形）

文の中の間違いを見つけて直してね。

Find and fix the mistake:

सब्ज़ी खरीदना के लिए बाज़ार जाओ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: सब्ज़ी खरीदने के लिए बाज़ार जाओ。
「ke liye」の前では、辞書形の「khareedna」を斜格の「khareedne」に変える必要があるよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 目的の表現：ヒンディー語で「〜するために」と言う方法 (-ne ke liye)

お茶を飲むことに関するこの文の間違いを直してください。

मुझे चाय पीना है।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मुझे चाय पीनी है।
ヒンディー語で『chāy』（お茶）は女性名詞なので、不定詞も『pīnī』に変化させる必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の不定詞：名詞や義務としての動詞 (-nā/-ne)

斜格の間違いを見つけて直してね。

Find and fix the mistake:

Vah larka ko bulao. (あの男の子を呼んで)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Us larke ko bulao.
後置詞 'ko' があるので、指示代名詞 'vah' は 'us' に、名詞 'larka' は 'larke' に両方変化します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の後置詞：逆転のロジック

目的を正しく表している文を選んでね。

正しいバージョンはどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैं सोने के लिए जा रहा हूँ。
「Sone ke liye」が正しい目的の形だよ。「Sona」は辞書形のままだから間違いなんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 目的の表現：ヒンディー語で「〜するために」と言う方法 (-ne ke liye)

後置詞を正しく使っている文はどれかな？

「その男の子と話しなさい」を訳してね。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Larke se baat karo.
'Larka' は後置詞 'se' の前で斜格の 'Larke' に変える必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の後置詞：逆転のロジック

「買うために」という正しいフレーズを選んでください。

Choose the grammatically correct phrase:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kharīdne ke liye
後置詞 'ke liye' の前では、動詞は必ず '-ne' で終わる形になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の斜格不定詞：'ke liye', 'se', 'kā' と共に使う動詞（-ne 形）

後置詞と一緒に不定詞を正しく使っているのはどれ？

「ヒンディー語を学ぶために…」の正しい言い方を選んでください。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: हिंदी सीखने के लिए...
後置詞『ke liye』の前では、不定詞は斜格の『-ne』形にする必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の不定詞：名詞や義務としての動詞 (-nā/-ne)

この文章の間違いを直してください。

Ma͠i hindi sīkhnā koshish kar rahā hū̃.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ma͠i hindi sīkhne kī koshish kar rahā hū̃.
'koshish' は女性名詞なので 'kī' を使い、その前の動詞は 'sīkhne' に変化させる必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の斜格不定詞：'ke liye', 'se', 'kā' と共に使う動詞（-ne 形）

正しい斜格の形を選んで空欄を埋めてね。

Main ___ mein hoon. (kamra - 部屋)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kamre
'kamra' は男性名詞で '-aa' で終わるので、後置詞 'mein' の前では '-e' に変化します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の後置詞：逆転のロジック

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

ヒンディー語は日本語と同じ「主語-目的語-動詞（SOV）」の語順だからだよ。後置詞もそのルールの一部なんだ。 London mein のようにね。
基本的には変わらないよ。後置詞は直前の名詞にだけ影響するんだ。ただし過去形の ne だけはちょっと特殊な動きをするよ。
基本は男性単数名詞として扱いますが、義務の文（〜しなきゃ）では、目的語の性別に合わせます。 «किताब पढ़नी है» のようにね。
後ろに 'ko', 'se', 'me', 'ke liye' などの後置詞が続く時です。 «खोने के लिए»（食べるために）が典型的な例です。
文法用語で、主語の形から「斜めにずれた」形という意味です。後置詞と一緒に使う時に形が変わることを指します。 Karne ke liye のように変化します。
いいえ、言えません。 cāhnā (〜したい) は通常、変化しない -nā を取ります。
Ma͠i khānā cāhtā hū̃
が正解です。
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