Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of observation, deduction, and storytelling to sound like a native Korean speaker.
- Interpret visual and auditory signs to make confident guesses about others.
- Share personal discoveries and past experiences using retrospective markers.
- Describe behaviors like pretending or following instructions precisely.
学べること
Hey there! Ready to speak Korean like a true native? In this chapter, we're diving deep into the subtle world of observation and deduction. No more simple sentences when you want to talk about what you've seen or what you think is true. With expressions like «-나 보다,» you'll learn how to make precise guesses about others based on visual or auditory evidence. For example, when you see your friend with red eyes, you'll be able to say, "It seems like they didn't sleep well last night." This isn't just a simple guess; it's a deduction based on what *you* observed! Next, we'll tackle «-더라.» With this one, you can share personal discoveries and witnessed events, like,
Oh, it turns out I saw so-and-so on the street yesterday, and they were...But be careful, you won't use it for your own planned actions! Later, you'll discover how to express that someone is pretending to do something with «-는/ㄴ/은 척하다.» For instance, "They're pretending to be asleep!
or They're pretending to know everything!
Finally, -대로" comes in to show you're doing something exactly according to something else. Think, I did it exactly according to the recipeor
Do it just as I told you.After this chapter, you'll be able to confidently talk about your guesses and observations, describe what others are doing, and share stories you've personally witnessed. Your conversations will become much more natural and richer. How cool is that? Let's go!
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兆候に基づく推測：「〜のようだ」(-나 보다)「-나 보다」は、見て聞いた客観的な証拠をもとに、他人の状況や事柄を論理的に推測するときに使う「推測」の表現です。
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見て推測する: 〜みたいだ、〜のようだ (-나 보다)「今見ている状況から論理的に推測する」のがこの文法の役割です。 «나 보다» を使って、名探偵のように状況を読み解きましょう！
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〜だったよ / 〜だったんだ（回想の -더라）自分が直接見たり聞いたりして「へぇ〜そうなんだ！」と発見したことを伝える魔法の言葉です。 «-더라» や «-더라고요» を使って、生き生きとした会話を楽しみましょう。
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～するふりをする (-는/ㄴ/은 척하다)この文法は、実際とは違う行動や状態を装う「〜するふり」を表現します。 «자는 척» (寝てるふり) や «똑똑한 척» (賢いふり) のように使えますよ。
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〜の通りに / 〜のまま (대로)「Aの通りにBする」という、コピーのような動きをしたい時は «대로» を使いましょう。 «마음대로» や «말한 대로» が代表的です。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Synthesize observations into logical deductions using -나 보다 and -더라.
チャプターガイド
Overview
or Turns out, that new cafe has amazing coffee!" These aren't just guesses; they're deductions based on evidence you've observed. This chapter will unlock a new level of expressive power in your intermediate Korean journey, making your conversations richer and more authentic.according to something. Mastering these Korean grammar patterns is key to sounding less like a textbook and more like a fluent speaker. Get ready to transform your ability to talk about the world around you with greater accuracy and depth!How This Grammar Works
Guessing Based on Signsor
Logical Deductions. This versatile ending attaches to verbs (V + -나 보다), adjectives (A + -ㄴ/은가 보다), and nouns (N + -인가 보다) to express that it seems like or it must be something, based on visible or audible evidence. For instance, seeing someone yawn might lead you to say, 잠을 못 잤나 봐요.Turns Out / I Found That...This expression is fantastic for sharing personal discoveries or events you directly witnessed in the past. It's about *your own* experience and realization. For example, if you tried a new restaurant and found it surprisingly good, you could say, 그 식당 음식 정말 맛있더라.
Pretending to... This is used when someone is feigning an action or a state. For verbs, you add -는 척하다 (e.g., 자는 척했어요. - I pretended to be asleep.).As / According to. This pattern is used to express that something is done exactly in the manner of or following a particular standard, instruction, or example. You can attach it to nouns (N + 대로), or to verb stems with -는 대로 (e.g., 내가 말한 대로 해. - Do it just as I told you.).
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 저는 내일 제주도에 가겠더라.
- 1✗ Wrong: 그 사람이 피곤한 것 같아요. (Said when clearly seeing signs of tiredness)
it seems/I think,-나 보다 is specifically for making deductions based on *observable evidence* (visual, auditory, etc.). Use -나 보다 when you have a clear sign.
- 1✗ Wrong: 그는 부자인 척하는 사람이에요. (Trying to say "He's pretending to be rich")
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
What's the main difference between -나 보다 and -는 것 같다 in B1 Korean grammar?
-나 보다 is used for deductions based on *observable evidence* (what you see or hear), while -는 것 같다 is a more general
it seems/I thinkthat can be used with or without direct evidence.
Can I use -더라 to talk about my own feelings or current state?
No, -더라 is specifically for sharing *past personal discoveries* or observations about *others* or *things*. You generally wouldn't use it for your own current feelings or planned actions.
Is -는 척하다 always used in a negative context, implying deceit?
While it often implies pretense or deceit, -는 척하다 can sometimes be used playfully or neutrally, depending on the context. For example, ignoring someone playfully might be «못 본 척하다» (to pretend not to see).
How is -대로 different from -처럼 (like/as)?
-대로 means exactly according to or just as, implying strict adherence or following. -처럼 means like or as if, implying similarity or comparison rather than strict adherence.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
自分への皮肉な推測
自分のことには使わないで！
SNSで大活躍！
過去形の使い分け
-는 척했다 、「もう終わったことのふり」なら -(으)ㄴ 척했다 を使いましょう。 «밥을 먹는 척했다» は食べているふり、 «밥을 먹은 척했다» はもう食べたふりです。重要な語彙 (5)
Real-World Preview
The Cafe Observation
Review Summary
- V/Adj + -나 보다
- V/Adj + -나 보다
- V/Adj + -더라
- V + -는/ㄴ 척하다 | Adj + -(으)ㄴ 척하다
- N + 대로 | V + -(으)ㄴ 대로
よくある間違い
-나 보다 is for others. Use -ㄴ 것 같다 for your own state.
Do not use -더라 for your own planned actions, only for observations.
Remember to use the correct tense marker for the pretending action.
このチャプターのルール (5)
Next Steps
You've conquered the detective's chapter! Keep observing the world in Korean!
Write a diary entry using -더라 to describe your day.
クイック練習 (9)
Find and fix the mistake:
나는 오늘 기분이 좋나 봐요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 兆候に基づく推測：「〜のようだ」(-나 보다)
正しい文章を選んでください：
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜の通りに / 〜のまま (대로)
우리는 ___ 움직였다. (私たちは計画通りに動いた。)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜の通りに / 〜のまま (대로)
어제 본 영화가 정말 ___.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜だったよ / 〜だったんだ（回想の -더라）
「忙しい」についての正しい推測を選んでください:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 兆候に基づく推測：「〜のようだ」(-나 보다)
Find and fix the mistake:
마음 대로 하세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜の通りに / 〜のまま (대로)
Find and fix the mistake:
그 식당 음식이 맛있어더라.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜だったよ / 〜だったんだ（回想の -더라）
正しい文章を選んでください：
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜だったよ / 〜だったんだ（回想の -더라）
사람들이 우산을 쓰고 있어요. 비가 __.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 兆候に基づく推測：「〜のようだ」(-나 보다)
Score: /9
