Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of professional detachment to communicate with authority and academic precision in Portuguese.
- Employ impersonal structures to remove subjective bias.
- Apply the 'se' particle to create sophisticated passive voice constructions.
- Utilize formal research terminology for data-driven presentations.
学べること
Ready to take a monumental leap in your Portuguese journey? This chapter is a game-changer! We're diving into what truly transforms your Portuguese from 'good' to 'great': achieving objectivity in writing. Here, you'll learn to move beyond personal opinions like 'I think...' to express yourself with the unbiased authority of a seasoned professional. What specifically will you master? You'll conquer impersonal expressions such as É preciso (it's necessary) and É importante (it's important), lending a professional and authoritative tone to your communication. We'll delve deep into the formal passive voice with se, understanding how to transform subjects into objects for an impeccably neutral and academic style. You'll identify and expertly use impersonal verbs like Haver in formal contexts, giving your words significant weight. You'll even learn how to employ formal phrases for data presentation, saying 'it was observed' instead of 'I saw.' Why is this crucial? Imagine writing a vital business report in Portuguese, presenting at a scientific conference, or engaging in a high-level discussion where conveying information with authority, precision, and undeniable objectivity is paramount. This chapter provides the exact tools you need to achieve just that. By the end, you won't just be a good Portuguese speaker; you'll be able to present information like a master, manage complex discussions, and articulate your thoughts in any professional or academic setting with unparalleled credibility and power. Ready to elevate your Portuguese to truly sophisticated heights? Let's go!
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非人称表現：プロフェッショナルな響き (É preciso, É importante)非人称表現を極めれば、説得力のあるプロフェッショナルな話し方ができます。
É importante,Convém,Trata-se deは、あなたのポルトガル語を一段上のレベルへ引き上げる「魔法のフレーズ」です。 -
フォーマル・学術論文の受動態 ('Se' の使い方)この形式の受身では、後ろに来る名詞が「主語」になります。だから、その名詞が単数か複数かに合わせて動詞の形を変えるのが最大のポイント。
Vendem-se（複数）やPrecisa-se de（単数固定）を使い分けましょう。 -
ポルトガル語の客観性：非人称表現とフォーマルな記述 (se)Mastering objectivity shifts your Portuguese from personal opinion to professional authority using impersonal structures and nominalization.
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ポルトガル語の公的な非人称動詞 (Haver, Se)Master the formal impersonal register to sound objective, professional, and authoritative in high-stakes Portuguese environments.
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フォーマルな研究フレーズ：プロのようにデータを提示する「私は〜と思う」という主観を捨てて、
Os dados sugeremやObserva-seを使うことで、ポルトガル語のプロフェッショナルな「信頼感」を演出できます。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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By the end you will be able to: Transform subjective opinions into objective, formal statements.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
Eu acho que devemos agir(I think we should act), you'd say,
É preciso agir(It's necessary to act), which carries more weight. Similarly,
É importante considerar todos os ângulos(It's important to consider all angles) conveys an objective truth.
Vendem-se carros aqui(Cars are sold here / One sells cars here) focuses on the action of selling cars, not who is doing the selling. This is widely used in official documents and academic papers.
there is/are, as in Há muitas razões para essa conclusão(There are many reasons for this conclusion). This contrasts with the more informal ter, often used in spoken Portuguese.
Observou-se que...(It was observed that...),
Verificou-se que...(It was verified that...), or
Constatou-se que...(It was found that...) allow you to present findings objectively, attributing the observation to a general process rather than a specific individual. For example,
Verificou-se que os dados são consistentes(It was verified that the data are consistent) lends credibility and formality to your report.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: Eu acho que é necessário mais investigação.
Eu acho (I think). The correct version uses the impersonal expression É necessário to present the statement as an objective fact or requirement, lending more authority and formality to the writing.- 1✗ Wrong: Os problemas resolvem-se facilmente.
solve themselves) instead of the impersonal/passive se. The correct understanding is that the problems *are solved* by an unspecified agent, which is the objective and formal use of the se particle.- 1✗ Wrong: Tem muitas opções disponíveis.
there is/are). While ter is frequently used impersonally in informal spoken Portuguese, it should be avoided in C1-level objective writing.
Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
How can I make my Portuguese writing sound more formal and less personal, especially at a C1 level?
To achieve a C1 level of objectivity, focus on using impersonal expressions like É preciso and É importante, the formal se passive voice, and impersonal verbs such as haver for existence. Also, incorporate formal research phrases like Observou-se que....
What's the main difference between using se for reflexivity and for objectivity/passivity in Portuguese grammar?
When se is reflexive, it indicates the subject performs an action on itself (Ele lavou-se - He washed himself). When used for objectivity or passivity, se indicates an action without specifying the agent, or that an action is performed on an object, making the sentence impersonal (Vendem-se casas - Houses are sold).
Is it ever acceptable to use ter instead of haver to mean there is/are in formal Portuguese writing?
While ter is very common in informal spoken Portuguese to mean there is/are (Tem muita gente), in formal and academic writing, haver (e.g., Há muita gente) is the correct and preferred choice for expressing existence impersonally.
Besides É preciso and É importante, what are some other common impersonal expressions for formal Portuguese writing?
Other useful impersonal expressions include É necessário (it's necessary), É fundamental (it's fundamental), É evidente que (it's evident that), Convém (it's advisable), and Urge (it's urgent).
Cultural Context
Eu acho or Tem), mastering these impersonal forms is crucial for conveying credibility and authority in any professional written communication. They demonstrate a sophisticated command of the language, signaling a high level of linguistic proficiency and an understanding of the nuances expected in formal discourse.重要な例文 (8)
É fundamental que verifiquem o link antes da call no Zoom.
Zoom会議の前にリンクを確認しておくことが不可欠です。
非人称表現：プロフェッショナルな響き (É preciso, É importante)Diz-se que o algoritmo do TikTok mudou novamente esta semana.
TikTokのアルゴリズムが今週また変わったと言われています。
非人称表現：プロフェッショナルな響き (É preciso, É importante)Observa-se um aumento significativo no engajamento das redes sociais.
A significant increase in social media engagement is observed.
ポルトガル語の客観性：非人称表現とフォーマルな記述 (se)Concluiu-se que o software necessita de uma atualização imediata.
It was concluded that the software needs an immediate update.
ポルトガル語の客観性：非人称表現とフォーマルな記述 (se)`Diz-se` que o mercado irá estabilizar no próximo trimestre.
It is said that the market will stabilize in the next quarter.
ポルトガル語の公的な非人称動詞 (Haver, Se)`Trata-se de` uma questão de ética profissional.
It is a matter of professional ethics.
ポルトガル語の公的な非人称動詞 (Haver, Se)Com base nos dados coletados, constatou-se um aumento significativo nas vendas.
収集されたデータに基づき、売上の大幅な増加が確認されました。
フォーマルな研究フレーズ：プロのようにデータを提示するO gráfico ilustra a disparidade entre as faixas etárias.
グラフは年齢層間の格差を例証しています。
フォーマルな研究フレーズ：プロのようにデータを提示するヒントとコツ (4)
C1レベルの語彙力を見せつけよう
É necessário の代わりに Torna-se imperativo que を使ってみてください。これだけでネイティブも驚く洗練された印象になります。 Torna-se imperativo que tomemos uma decisão.
前置詞 'de' の罠
Precisa-se de amigos と言い、 Precisam-se とは決して言いません。Check the object
Check the Object
重要な語彙 (5)
Real-World Preview
Business Reporting
Review Summary
- É + [adjective] + [infinitive]
- Verb (3rd person) + se
- Houve (impersonal)
よくある間違い
The verb 'haver' in the sense of 'to exist' is impersonal and should not be pluralized.
Avoid personal pronouns like 'Eu' in formal writing; use impersonal structures instead.
When using the passive 'se', the verb must agree with the object (casas).
このチャプターのルール (5)
Next Steps
You have made incredible progress. Your professional Portuguese is now reaching a level that commands respect!
Write a formal summary of a news article.
クイック練習 (10)
___-se muitos testes ontem. (昨日、多くのテストが行われた。)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマル・学術論文の受動態 ('Se' の使い方)
___ muitos problemas ontem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の公的な非人称動詞 (Haver, Se)
複数主語に対して文法的に正しい文はどれですか？
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマル・学術論文の受動態 ('Se' の使い方)
Aluga-se apartamentos de luxo nesta área.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマル・学術論文の受動態 ('Se' の使い方)
É proibida estacionar nesta área privada.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 非人称表現：プロフェッショナルな響き (É preciso, É importante)
Find and fix the mistake:
Aluga-se apartamentos.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の客観性：非人称表現とフォーマルな記述 (se)
___-se que a maioria dos participantes preferiu a opção B.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマルな研究フレーズ：プロのようにデータを提示する
Find and fix the mistake:
O estudo quer mostrar como a internet funciona.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマルな研究フレーズ：プロのようにデータを提示する
Qual é a forma correta?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の客観性：非人称表現とフォーマルな記述 (se)
___-se casas nesta rua.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の客観性：非人称表現とフォーマルな記述 (se)
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
É bom que você váと言うのが正解です。
É proibido entrada。定冠詞 'a' がある場合は一致させます。 É proibida a entrada。Analisou-se が好まれます。Vendem-se casas が正解です。ただ、日常会話や簡易的な看板では非常に一般的で意味は通じますが、C1レベルの試験では間違いとされます。
