Overview
The word '全然' (quánrán) is an adverb in Chinese, meaning 'completely,' 'entirely,' 'wholly,' or 'totally.' It is used to emphasize the absolute and thorough nature of an action, state, or feeling. '全然' often carries a strong connotation of completeness, leaving no room for exceptions or partiality. It is particularly common in formal contexts or when expressing a strong, unequivocal sentiment.
One key aspect of '全然' is its frequent use with negative constructions, such as '全然不' (quánrán bù) or '全然没有' (quánrán méiyǒu), to highlight a complete lack of something or a total absence of an action. For example, '全然不顾' (quánrán bùgù) means 'to completely disregard' or 'to totally ignore,' suggesting a strong and intentional neglect.
While '全然' shares similarities with '完全' (wánquán), which also means 'completely,' there are subtle differences. '全然' often implies a more absolute and sometimes more emotionally charged completeness, often in situations where there's a strong contrast or a sense of disappointment, surprise, or even resignation. '完全' is more generally used to indicate completeness without necessarily carrying these stronger emotional undertones. For instance, '完全正确' (wánquán zhèngquè) means 'completely correct,' a neutral statement, whereas '全然无视' (quánrán wúshì) 'to completely ignore' has a stronger, more impactful feel.
'全然' can also be used with positive verbs to emphasize full immersion or dedication, as in '全然投入' (quánrán tóurù), meaning 'wholly absorbed' or 'fully committed.' In these cases, it underscores the completeness of one's engagement or devotion.
Understanding the nuanced usage of '全然' involves recognizing its role in conveying absolute states, often with an added layer of emphasis or emotional weight, particularly in negative constructions or formal expressions.
예시
他对这件事情全然不知。
Describes someone's complete lack of knowledge about something.He is completely unaware of this matter.
他们全然接受了我的建议。
Indicates full and unreserved acceptance.They wholly accepted my suggestion.
经过一番努力，问题全然解决了。
Highlights the complete resolution of a problem.After some effort, the problem was entirely resolved.
他的理论全然是基于事实的。
Emphasizes that something is entirely founded on a specific basis.His theory is wholly based on facts.
面对这样的困境，他全然没有退缩。
Describes a complete lack of retreat or hesitation in a difficult situation.Facing such a predicament, he did not shrink back at all.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 혼동되는 단어
全然 (quánrán) emphasizes completeness or totality, often in a neutral or slightly formal context, meaning 'completely' or 'entirely.' 居然 (jūrán) expresses surprise or unexpectedness, meaning 'unexpectedly' or 'to one's surprise.'
全然 (quánrán) implies thoroughness or entirety, often used to describe a state or attitude. 居然 (jūrán) is an adverb used to express astonishment at an outcome or situation.
문법 패턴
사용법
사용 참고사항
When using '全然', it typically modifies verbs or adjectives to indicate that an action or quality is absolute, without any exceptions or reservations. It is often followed by a negative particle like '不' (bù) or '没有' (méiyǒu) to emphasize a complete absence or negation, such as '全然不同' (quánrán bù tóng - completely different) or '全然没有头绪' (quánrán méiyǒu tóuxù - utterly clueless). While it can be used in positive contexts, it often carries a stronger, more emphatic tone than simpler adverbs like '很' (hěn - very) or '非常' (fēicháng - extremely). It's less common in everyday spoken language compared to more direct equivalents, and its use can elevate the formality of a sentence. Consider '全然' when you want to convey a sense of thoroughness, absoluteness, or a lack of compromise.
자주 하는 실수
Some learners might confuse '全然' (quánrán) with '完全' (wánquán). While both mean 'completely,' '全然' often emphasizes a more absolute and thorough completeness, especially when used with negatives to mean 'not at all.' For example, '我全然不知道' (Wǒ quánrán bù zhīdào) means 'I totally don't know' or 'I have no idea at all,' which is stronger than '我完全不知道' (Wǒ wánquán bù zhīdào) which could simply mean 'I don't completely know.' '完全' can be used more broadly as an adverb to modify verbs and adjectives, while '全然' is more commonly used with a strong sense of completeness or with negatives.
팁
Usage Tips
'全然' (quánrán) is an adverb used to express completeness or totality. It often modifies verbs or adjectives, emphasizing that something is entirely or wholly the case. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts. When used in a negative context, it implies a complete lack of something.
Common Mistakes
Do not confuse '全然' with '完全' (wánquán). While both mean 'completely,' '全然' often carries a slightly more emphatic or formal tone. '全然' is also more frequently used in literary or more formal expressions, whereas '完全' is more common in everyday speech. Another common mistake is to use '全然' to describe a partial state; remember, it signifies totality.
Example Sentences
1. 他全然不顾我的感受，做出了那个决定。(Tā quánrán bùgù wǒ de gǎnshòu, zuòchū le nàgè juédìng.) - He completely disregarded my feelings and made that decision. 2. 这个问题全然超出了我的理解范围。(Zhège wèntí quánrán chāochū le wǒ de lǐjiě fànwéi.) - This problem is entirely beyond my comprehension. 3. 她的生活全然改变了。(Tā de shēnghuó quánrán gǎibiàn le.) - Her life has completely changed.
어원
The word '全然' is composed of two characters: '全' (quán), meaning 'whole,' 'entire,' or 'complete,' and '然' (rán), a suffix often used to form adverbs, indicating 'like' or 'as if.' '全' (quán) has a long history, appearing in ancient Chinese texts. Its oracle bone script depicts a pictograph of a king holding a scepter, symbolizing completeness and authority. Over time, its meaning evolved to encompass the idea of totality and universality. '然' (rán) also has ancient roots, originally depicting a dog. It later developed into a phonetic component and a grammatical particle. In its adverbial function, it is akin to '-ly' in English, transforming adjectives or nouns into adverbs that describe the manner of an action. When combined, '全然' therefore literally means 'whole-like' or 'as if whole,' conveying the sense of absolute completeness or entireness. This combination emerged as a common adverbial phrase to emphasize the exhaustive nature of an action or state. Its usage became prevalent during the Tang and Song dynasties, solidifying its place in the Chinese lexicon as a robust term for 'completely' or 'entirely.' Throughout centuries, '全然' has been used in various literary and colloquial contexts to express the highest degree of completeness, often conveying a sense of being utterly oblivious, fully convinced, or entirely devoted. Its enduring presence in the language speaks to its effectiveness in conveying a strong, unambiguous sense of totality.
문화적 맥락
The word '全然' (quánrán) in Chinese carries a nuanced cultural weight, often appearing in contexts that emphasize an absolute and unwavering state. It is frequently used in formal or literary settings, lending a sense of gravity to the statement. Unlike more casual terms for 'completely,' '全然' can sometimes imply a lack of reservation or a full acceptance of a situation, good or bad. It can be found in classical texts, philosophical discussions, and even modern political discourse when expressing an unequivocal stance. Its usage can also subtly highlight a speaker's conviction or the depth of a feeling or condition. For example, to say someone '全然不知' (quánrán bù zhī) implies they are utterly ignorant, suggesting a more profound lack of knowledge than simply '不知' (bù zhī).
암기 팁
The character '全' (quán) means 'whole' or 'complete.' You can remember '全然' (quánrán) as 'wholly and completely' by associating '全' with the idea of totality.
자주 묻는 질문
4 질문'全然' (quán rán) is a Chinese adverb that conveys the meaning of 'completely,' 'entirely,' or 'wholly.' It emphasizes the totality or absoluteness of an action, state, or quality, suggesting that there are no exceptions or reservations. When used, it often implies a strong degree of something, leaving no room for doubt or partiality. It can be applied to various contexts, from describing a complete change to a full understanding of a situation. This term helps to convey a sense of thoroughness and completeness in a description or statement.
'全然' is commonly used to modify verbs or adjectives, indicating a complete absence or presence of something. For instance, you might hear '全然不明白' (quán rán bù míng bái), which means 'completely don't understand,' or '全然不同' (quán rán bù tóng), meaning 'entirely different.' It can also be used to express a strong negative, such as '全然没有' (quán rán méi yǒu), meaning 'absolutely nothing.' Its placement in a sentence usually precedes the verb or adjective it modifies, adding emphasis to the degree of the action or state being described. It’s a versatile word that enhances the clarity and intensity of expression.
Certainly! Here's an example: '他对这个计划全然不知情。' (Tā duì zhège jìhuà quán rán bù zhī qíng.) This sentence translates to 'He was completely unaware of this plan.' In this context, '全然' (quán rán) highlights the absolute lack of knowledge on his part regarding the plan, emphasizing that he had no information or understanding about it whatsoever. This usage clearly demonstrates how '全然' can be used to convey a thorough and absolute state of being, leaving no room for partial awareness.
Yes, there are several synonyms and related terms that convey similar meanings to '全然,' though with slight nuances. Some common ones include '完全' (wán quán), which also means 'completely' or 'entirely' and is often used interchangeably. Another similar term is '彻底' (chè dǐ), which implies 'thoroughly' or 'completely,' often suggesting a deeper or more fundamental level of completeness. While these terms share a core meaning, '全然' often carries a slightly more formal or emphatic tone, making it suitable for situations where absolute completeness needs to be strongly conveyed. The choice between them often depends on the specific context and desired emphasis.
셀프 테스트
她___不明白你的意思。
這項任務對他來說，是___陌生的。
我對你的話___不相信。
점수: /3
Usage Tips
'全然' (quánrán) is an adverb used to express completeness or totality. It often modifies verbs or adjectives, emphasizing that something is entirely or wholly the case. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts. When used in a negative context, it implies a complete lack of something.
Common Mistakes
Do not confuse '全然' with '完全' (wánquán). While both mean 'completely,' '全然' often carries a slightly more emphatic or formal tone. '全然' is also more frequently used in literary or more formal expressions, whereas '完全' is more common in everyday speech. Another common mistake is to use '全然' to describe a partial state; remember, it signifies totality.
Example Sentences
1. 他全然不顾我的感受，做出了那个决定。(Tā quánrán bùgù wǒ de gǎnshòu, zuòchū le nàgè juédìng.) - He completely disregarded my feelings and made that decision. 2. 这个问题全然超出了我的理解范围。(Zhège wèntí quánrán chāochū le wǒ de lǐjiě fànwéi.) - This problem is entirely beyond my comprehension. 3. 她的生活全然改变了。(Tā de shēnghuó quánrán gǎibiàn le.) - Her life has completely changed.
예시
5 / 5他对这件事情全然不知。
He is completely unaware of this matter.
他们全然接受了我的建议。
They wholly accepted my suggestion.
经过一番努力，问题全然解决了。
After some effort, the problem was entirely resolved.
他的理论全然是基于事实的。
His theory is wholly based on facts.
面对这样的困境，他全然没有退缩。
Facing such a predicament, he did not shrink back at all.
관련 콘텐츠
general 관련 단어
一下儿
A1a bit, a moment
点儿
A1a little bit
有点儿
A1a little, somewhat (negative connotation)
一下
A2A bit; a moment (used after a verb).
一点儿
A1a little, a bit
一会儿
A1a moment, a while
一部分
B1part; portion; minority
异样
B1different; unusual; strange
关于
A1about, concerning
快要
A2to be about to (happen)
