Concordância Plural: Pessoas vs. Coisas
pessoas = plural, coisas = ela.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
When describing non-human plurals in Arabic, use the feminine singular form for adjectives.
- Human plurals take plural adjectives: 'Students are smart' -> 'الطلاب أذكياء'.
- Non-human plurals take feminine singular adjectives: 'Books are new' -> 'الكتب جديدة'.
- Always check if the noun refers to people or things first.
Overview
livros novos use um adjetivo no plural. Mas em árabe, se disser isso, receberá olhares confusos.Racional. Tudo o mais — gatos, carros, ideias, montanhas — é Irracional. Essa distinção muda completamente como você os descreve.How This Grammar Works
grande é apenas grande (ou grandes), quer você esteja falando de homens grandes ou caixas grandes. Em árabe, os adjetivos mudam para combinar com o substantivo que descrevem. Você já sabe que eles combinam em gênero (masculino/feminino) e definição (o/um).- 1Racional (
'Āqil): Humanos, profissões, membros da família. Estes sãoseres pensantes. - 2Não-Racional (
Ghayr 'Āqil): Objetos, animais, plantas, conceitos. Estes sãonão-pensantes.
- Se o substantivo é Plural Racional (pessoas), o adjetivo combina (torna-se plural também).
- Se o substantivo é Plural Não-Racional (coisas), o adjetivo torna-se Feminino Singular.
carros é gramaticalmente tratado como uma única entidade feminina (ela). Então, carros rápidos é literalmente carros rápida(ela).
Gender & Agreement
al-awlād(os meninos) +iwāl(altos, pl) =al-awlād tiwāl(Os meninos altos).al-banāt(as meninas) +dhakiyyāt(espertas, pl) =al-banāt dhakiyyāt(As meninas espertas).
al-kutub(os livros) +jadīda(nova, f.sg) =al-kutub jadīda(Os livros novos).al-sayyārāt(os carros) +sarī'a(rápida, f.sg) =al-sayyārāt sarī'a(Os carros rápidos).
Conjugation Table
| Noun Type | Arabic Example | Transliteration | Translation | Adjective Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Masc. Sing. | الطالب جيد | at-tālib jayyid |
O estudante é bom | Masc. Singular |
| Fem. Sing. | الطالبة جيدة | at-tāliba jayyida |
A estudante é boa | Fem. Singular |
| Rational Pl. (M) | الطلاب جيدون | at-tullāb jayyidūn |
Os estudantes são bons | Masc. Plural |
| Rational Pl. (F) | الطالبات جيدات | at-tālibāt jayyidāt |
As estudantes são boas | Fem. Plural |
| Non-Rational Pl. | الكتب جيدة | al-kutub jayyida |
Os livros são bons | Fem. Singular |
Common Collocations
coisas.akhbār ājila(Notícias de última hora) - *Lit: Notícias urgente(ela)*mashākil kathīra(Muitos problemas) - *Lit: Problemas muita(ela)*as'ār ghāliya(Preços caros) - *Lit: Preços cara(ela)*amākin jamīla(Lugares bonitos) - *Lit: Lugares bonita(ela)*ashyā' gharība(Coisas estranhas) - *Lit: Coisas estranha(ela)*
Formation Pattern
Cérebro: Este substantivo tem um cérebro humano? (É uma pessoa?)
-ūn ou plural quebrado).
-āt).
-a) ao adjetivo.
aqwāl (Ditos/Citações).
Ela. Adjetivo: ma'thūra (famosa/tradicional).
aqwāl ma'thūra.
Common Mistakes
- A Armadilha do
Tudo é Plural: - *Erro:*
al-kilāb saghīrūn(Os cães são pequenos). - *Correção:*
al-kilāb saghīra(Os cães é-pequena-ela). - *Por que:* Cães são fofos, mas gramaticalmente, são irracionais. Desculpe, Totó.
- A Confusão do
Grupo Misto: - *Cenário:* Você tem um grupo de professores homens e mulheres.
- *Regra:* Em árabe, o masculino plural vence tudo. Use o adjetivo masculino plural.
- *Diga:*
al-mu'allimūn māhirūn(Os professores habilidosos).
- O Pânico do
Plural Quebrado: - Lembre-se que mesmo se o substantivo tem uma forma de plural
quebradoestranha (comokutubpara livros), a regra do adjetivo permanece simples. Não tente encontrar um plural quebrado para o adjetivo se o substantivo for um objeto. Apenas use a forma feminina simples!
Quick FAQ
R: Gramaticalmente, animais são Não-Racionais. Um grupo de gatos espertos é qitat dhakiyya (gatos esperta-ela). Sem ressentimentos.
R: Ocasionalmente em poesia ou contextos muito específicos, mas para aprendizes A1/A2? Atenha-se à regra do robô: Não-humano = Ela.
nās)?R: Nās implica humanos, então é Racional! Use adjetivos masculinos plurais. nās tayyibūn (boas pessoas).
R: SIM! Os carros pararam é tawaqqafat as-sayyārāt (Parou-ela os-carros). Alinha-se perfeitamente com a regra do adjetivo.
Adjective Agreement Table
| Noun Type | Noun Example | Adjective Form | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Human Plural
|
الطلاب (Students)
|
Plural (أذكياء)
|
الطلاب أذكياء
|
|
Non-Human Plural
|
الكتب (Books)
|
Fem. Sing. (كبيرة)
|
الكتب كبيرة
|
|
Non-Human Plural
|
السيارات (Cars)
|
Fem. Sing. (سريعة)
|
السيارات سريعة
|
|
Non-Human Plural
|
الأقلام (Pens)
|
Fem. Sing. (مكسورة)
|
الأقلام مكسورة
|
|
Non-Human Plural
|
المدن (Cities)
|
Fem. Sing. (جميلة)
|
المدن جميلة
|
|
Non-Human Plural
|
الأيام (Days)
|
Fem. Sing. (طويلة)
|
الأيام طويلة
|
Meanings
This rule dictates that adjectives modifying non-human plural nouns must be in the feminine singular form, regardless of the noun's actual gender.
Non-human plural agreement
Adjectives following non-human plural nouns.
“البيوت كبيرة”
“الأقلام مكسورة”
Reference Table
| Tipo de Substantivo | Regra de Concordância | Exemplo (Árabe) | Exemplo (Português) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Humano Masc. Plural
|
Concorda (M.Pl)
|
المدرسون مشغولون
|
Os professores estão ocupados
|
|
Humano Fem. Plural
|
Concorda (F.Pl)
|
المدرسات مشغولات
|
As professoras estão ocupadas
|
|
Objeto Plural
|
Fem. Singular (Ela)
|
السيارات سريعة
|
Os carros são rápidos
|
|
Animal Plural
|
Fem. Singular (Ela)
|
القطط صغيرة
|
Os gatos são pequenos
|
|
Conceito Plural
|
Fem. Singular (Ela)
|
أفكار جديدة
|
Novas ideias
|
|
País/Cidade Plural
|
Fem. Singular (Ela)
|
مدن كبيرة
|
Cidades grandes
|
Espectro de formalidade
الكتب جديدة. (General statement)
الكتب جديدة. (General statement)
الكتب جديدة. (General statement)
الكتب جديدة. (General statement)
A Divisão da Concordância Plural
Racional (Pessoas)
- Match Plural Adjetivo Plural
Irracional (Coisas)
- Treat as 'She' Adjetivo Fem. Sing.
Humanos vs. Objetos
Qual Adjetivo Usar?
O substantivo é Plural?
É Humano?
Exemplos Racionais vs. Não-Racionais
Racional (Adj. Plural)
- • Doctors
- • Students
- • Engineers
Não-Racional (Adj. Fem. Sing.)
- • Cars
- • Cats
- • Countries
Exemplos por nível
الكتب كبيرة
The books are big.
الأقلام حمراء
The pens are red.
البيوت جميلة
The houses are beautiful.
السيارات جديدة
The cars are new.
المدن ليست كبيرة
The cities are not big.
هل الأشجار عالية؟
Are the trees tall?
الأيام طويلة
The days are long.
المكاتب نظيفة
The offices are clean.
هذه الأفكار واضحة
These ideas are clear.
تلك الجبال بعيدة
Those mountains are far.
الأسئلة صعبة جداً
The questions are very difficult.
الأحداث كانت مثيرة
The events were exciting.
الشركات العالمية ناجحة
Global companies are successful.
القرارات المتخذة صحيحة
The taken decisions are correct.
المشاكل التقنية معقدة
The technical problems are complex.
النتائج كانت غير متوقعة
The results were unexpected.
تلك النظريات العلمية دقيقة
Those scientific theories are precise.
المسؤوليات الملقاة على عاتقنا كبيرة
The responsibilities placed on us are great.
الظروف المحيطة كانت قاسية
The surrounding circumstances were harsh.
المبادرات المقترحة فعالة
The proposed initiatives are effective.
الآراء المطروحة تبدو منطقية
The presented opinions seem logical.
التحليلات الاقتصادية تبدو متشائمة
The economic analyses seem pessimistic.
الخطوات المتخذة كانت حاسمة
The steps taken were decisive.
الاستنتاجات المستخلصة دقيقة
The drawn conclusions are accurate.
Fácil de confundir
Learners often apply plural adjectives to everything.
Learners think broken plurals are always human.
Using 'هؤلاء' (for humans) instead of 'هذه' (for non-humans).
Erros comuns
الكتب كبيرون
الكتب كبيرة
السيارات سريعون
السيارات سريعة
المدن جميلون
المدن جميلة
الأقلام مكسورون
الأقلام مكسورة
هل الأشجار عالون؟
هل الأشجار عالية؟
البيوت ليست كبيرون
البيوت ليست كبيرة
هذه الكتب جيدون
هذه الكتب جيدة
الشركات ناجحون
الشركات ناجحة
القرارات صحيحون
القرارات صحيحة
المشاكل معقدون
المشاكل معقدة
الآراء منطقيون
الآراء منطقية
التحليلات متشائمون
التحليلات متشائمة
الخطوات حاسمون
الخطوات حاسمة
Padrões de frases
ال___ ___.
هل ال___ ___؟
ال___ ليست ___.
هذه ال___ ___ جداً.
Real World Usage
الصور جميلة جداً!
الرسائل واضحة.
المهام المطلوبة صعبة.
الوجبات لذيذة.
الفنادق غالية.
النتائج دقيقة.
Pense como 'Ela'
Cuidado com os Animais!
Plurais Irregulares (Quebrados)
Smart Tips
Always use the 'ta marbuta' (ة) ending.
Use 'هذه' for all non-human plurals.
Treat them as non-human objects.
Look for the human/non-human distinction.
Pronúncia
Ta Marbuta
The 'ة' is pronounced as 'ah' or 'at' if followed by another word.
Declarative
الكتب كبيرة ↘
Falling intonation for statements.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Think of non-human objects as a 'Feminine Singular Club'. Even if there are many, they act as one lady.
Associação visual
Imagine a group of books wearing a single, large, feminine hat. They are many, but they share one identity.
Rhyme
For things that don't speak, use the 'ta' at the peak.
Story
Ahmed had many pens. He tried to call them 'smart' using the plural form, but the pens felt shy. They told him, 'We are just objects, please treat us as one feminine singular unit!' Now Ahmed always says 'الأقلام جميلة'.
Word Web
Desafio
Look around your room, pick 3 plural objects, and write a sentence for each using a feminine singular adjective.
Notas culturais
In spoken dialects, this rule is strictly followed, though sometimes the 'ta marbuta' is dropped in pronunciation.
Similar to MSA, non-human plurals take feminine singular adjectives.
Formal usage is very common in media and literature.
This rule stems from the classification of inanimate objects as collective entities in Proto-Semitic.
Iniciadores de conversa
كيف هي مدينتك؟
هل هذه الكتب مفيدة؟
ما رأيك في هذه السيارات؟
هل الأفكار المقترحة عملية؟
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
السيارات ___ (The cars are fast)
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Find and fix the mistake:
Al-tullāb jadīda (The students are new [fem. sg]).
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesالكتب ___.
السيارات ___ (fast).
Find and fix the mistake:
المدن جميلون.
الكتب جديدة.
Match: (1) الكتب, (2) الطلاب
___ الكتب جديدة.
الأفكار ___ (clear).
Find and fix the mistake:
القرارات صحيحون.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesأقلام ___ (Small pens)
Which sentence correctly says 'The busy engineers'?
houses / big / These / are
Pair the noun with the correct adjective form.
Al-mudarrisāt māhirūn (The female teachers are skilled [masc pl]).
Beautiful cities
___ كتب (These are books)
Talking about 'The Americans' (Al-amrīkīyūn).
Match the phrase.
Al-qitat nār'imūn (The cats are soft [masc pl]).
Score: /10
Perguntas frequentes (8)
It is a grammatical convention in Arabic to treat inanimate plurals as a collective feminine singular unit.
Yes, it applies to both sound and broken plurals of non-human nouns.
It still takes the feminine singular adjective, so the form remains the same.
No, the rule is consistent across most dialects.
Only if you are personifying them, which is rare and usually incorrect.
If it refers to people, it's human. If it's an object, place, or abstract concept, it's non-human.
Demonstratives also follow this rule; use 'هذه' for non-human plurals.
Very few, mostly in archaic or highly poetic language.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Adjective agreement with noun gender/number.
Spanish uses plural adjectives; Arabic uses singular.
Adjective agreement with noun gender/number.
French uses plural adjectives; Arabic uses singular.
Adjective agreement with noun gender/number.
German uses plural adjectives; Arabic uses singular.
No plural agreement.
Japanese has no agreement; Arabic has specific agreement.
No plural agreement.
Chinese has no agreement; Arabic has specific agreement.
Feminine singular agreement.
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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