Relatando falas em hindi (Discurso Indireto)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Indirect speech in Hindi uses the conjunction 'ki' (कि) to link the reporting verb to the reported clause.
- Use 'ki' (कि) to connect the speaker's statement to your report: 'Usne kaha ki woh aa raha hai.'
- Shift pronouns to match your perspective: 'Main' (I) often becomes 'Woh' (he/she) in indirect speech.
- Adjust verb tenses logically: If the reporting verb is past, the reported clause often shifts to past tense.
Overview
अप्रत्यक्ष कथन (apratyaksh kathan).How This Grammar Works
कि (ki).कि como a cola definitiva. Ele conecta seu verbo de elocução (como ele disse ou ela contou) à mensagem real. Quando você muda do direto para o indireto, as aspas desaparecem e o कि assume o lugar delas.Estou com fome, você precisa mudar esse eu para ele.
Formation Pattern
कहना (dizer) ou बताना (contar). Use पूछना (perguntar) para perguntas.
« ».
कि: Ele vem sempre logo após o verbo.
मैं (eu) geralmente se torna वह (ele/ela).
के लिए.
When To Use It
- Fofocas e socialização: Quando você conta para sua melhor amiga o que seu 'crush' disse na festa.
- Ambientes profissionais: Resumir os requisitos de um cliente em uma mensagem no Slack.
- Notícias e mídia: Sempre que um âncora relata o que um político disse.
- Mensagens:
Minha irmã me disse que vai postar a foto nos stories.
Common Mistakes
- A armadilha do pronome: Manter o pronome original.
उसने कहा कि मैं व्यस्त हूँsignifica que *você* está ocupado, não ele. - Pensar demais no tempo verbal: Não force o passado se não for necessário.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Discurso direto: Repetição literal.
उसने कहा, «मैं आऊँगा». - Orações relativas: Às vezes usamos
किpara dizerque. Não confunda.
Quick FAQ
Sempre preciso mudar palavras de tempo como hoje?
R: Nem sempre! Em hindi, se você estiver relatando no mesmo dia, mantenha como आज (hoje).
Indirect Speech Structure
| Part | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Subject
|
The speaker
|
Ram ne
|
|
Reporting Verb
|
The action of speaking
|
kaha
|
|
Conjunction
|
The link
|
ki
|
|
Reported Clause
|
The message
|
woh aayega
|
Meanings
Indirect speech is used to report what someone else has said without using their exact words. It acts as a bridge between the original speaker and the current listener.
Reporting Statements
Relaying information or opinions expressed by others.
“Usne bataya ki kaam khatam ho gaya. (He told that the work is finished.)”
“Maa ne kaha ki khana taiyaar hai. (Mother said that the food is ready.)”
Reporting Questions
Relaying an inquiry made by someone else.
“Usne poocha ki tum kahan ja rahe ho. (He asked where you are going.)”
“Maine poocha ki kya tum aaoge. (I asked if you will come.)”
Reference Table
| Perspectiva do Falante | Termo no Discurso Direto | Termo no Discurso Indireto | Exemplo de Mudança |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Primeira Pessoa
|
`मैं` (Eu)
|
`वह` (Ele/Ela)
|
`मैं ठीक हूँ` → `वह ठीक है`
|
|
Possessivo
|
`मेरा` (Meu)
|
`उसका` (Dele/Dela)
|
`मेरा घर` → `उसका घर`
|
|
Segunda Pessoa
|
`तुम` (Você)
|
`मैं` / `मुझे` (Eu/Mim)
|
`तुम कहाँ हो?` → `मैं कहाँ हूँ`
|
|
Plural
|
`हम` (Nós)
|
`वे` (Eles/Elas)
|
`हम आएँगे` → `वे आएँगे`
|
|
Comandos
|
`जाओ!` (Vá!)
|
`जाने के लिए` (Para ir)
|
`जाओ` → `जाने के लिए कहा`
|
|
Perguntas
|
`क्या...?` (O que/É?)
|
`कि क्या` (Se/Se acaso)
|
`क्या तुम आओगे?` → `कि क्या मैं आऊँगा`
|
Espectro de formalidade
Unhone kaha ki ve aa rahe hain. (Reporting a friend's arrival)
Usne kaha ki woh aa raha hai. (Reporting a friend's arrival)
Usne bola ki woh aa raha hai. (Reporting a friend's arrival)
Usne bola woh aa raha hai. (Reporting a friend's arrival)
Verbos de Elocução em Hindi
Declarações
- कहना Dizer
- बताना Contar/Informar
Perguntas
- पूछना Perguntar
Comandos
- आदेश देना Ordenar
- सलाह देना Aconselhar
Discurso Direto vs. Indireto
Como Converter para Discurso Indireto
É uma pergunta?
Tem o pronome 'Eu'?
Matriz de Transformação de Pronomes
Pessoa Direta
- • मैं (Eu)
- • मेरा (Meu)
- • तुम (Você)
Mudança Indireta
- • वह (Ele/Ela)
- • उसका (Dele/Dela)
- • मैं/हम (Eu/Nós)
Exemplos por nível
Usne kaha ki woh khush hai.
He said that he is happy.
Maa ne kaha ki khana taiyaar hai.
Mother said that food is ready.
Ram ne kaha ki woh aayega.
Ram said that he will come.
Maine kaha ki main thak gaya hoon.
I said that I am tired.
Usne poocha ki tum kahan ho?
He asked where you are.
Rahul ne bataya ki woh nahi aayega.
Rahul told that he will not come.
Teacher ne kaha ki homework karo.
The teacher said to do homework.
Maine socha ki tum busy ho.
I thought that you are busy.
Usne mujhse kaha ki main jaldi pahunchun.
He told me that I should arrive early.
Maine poocha ki kya tum kal free ho?
I asked if you are free tomorrow.
Usne bataya ki usne kaam kar liya hai.
He said that he has finished the work.
Sabne kaha ki film bahut achhi hai.
Everyone said that the film is very good.
Manager ne nirdesh diya ki sab log time par aayein.
The manager instructed that everyone should arrive on time.
Usne kaha ki agar tumne mehnat ki hoti, toh safal hote.
He said that if you had worked hard, you would have succeeded.
Maine usse poocha ki woh kahan gaya tha.
I asked him where he had gone.
Usne dawa kiya ki woh sach bol raha hai.
He claimed that he is telling the truth.
Usne is baat par zor diya ki humein ekjut hona chahiye.
He emphasized that we should be united.
Maine socha ki shayad woh kal tak aa jaye.
I thought that perhaps he might come by tomorrow.
Usne bataya ki uske pita ji ne use mana kiya tha.
He told that his father had forbidden him.
Sabka manna hai ki yeh faisla galat hai.
Everyone believes that this decision is wrong.
Usne aisi baat kahi jaise ki woh sab jaanta ho.
He said something as if he knew everything.
Maine usse agrah kiya ki woh ek baar phir soche.
I urged him to think once more.
Usne yeh spasht kiya ki uski koi galti nahi thi.
He clarified that it was not his fault.
Logon ka kehna hai ki yeh purani parampara hai.
People say that this is an old tradition.
Fácil de confundir
Learners often mix quotes with indirect structure.
Both sound similar, but one links clauses, the other links nouns.
Both mean 'said', but 'kaha' is more formal.
Erros comuns
Usne kaha main khush hoon.
Usne kaha ki woh khush hai.
Ram kaha ki woh aayega.
Ram ne kaha ki woh aayega.
Usne kaha ki main aa raha hoon.
Usne kaha ki woh aa raha hai.
Usne poocha ki tum kahan ho.
Usne poocha ki tum kahan ho?
Maine poocha ki kya tum aaoge?
Maine poocha ki kya woh aayega?
Usne bataya ki woh kal aaya tha.
Usne bataya ki woh kal aayega.
Usne kaha ki woh kaam kiya.
Usne kaha ki usne kaam kiya hai.
Usne kaha ki main jaana chahiye.
Usne kaha ki mujhe jaana chahiye.
Usne kaha ki woh aayega agar tum bulaoge.
Usne kaha ki woh aayega agar main bulaunga.
Usne kaha ki woh kar sakta hai.
Usne kaha ki woh kar sakta tha.
Usne kaha ki woh aana hai.
Usne kaha ki use aana hai.
Usne kaha ki main karta.
Usne kaha ki woh karta.
Usne kaha ki woh aa gaya hota.
Usne kaha ki woh aa gaya hota.
Padrões de frases
___ ne kaha ki ___.
___ ne poocha ki ___ kahan hai?
___ ne bataya ki usne ___ kar liya hai.
Sabka manna hai ki ___.
Real World Usage
Usne msg kiya ki woh aa raha hai.
Manager ne kaha ki mujhe kal aana hai.
Sab keh rahe hain ki yeh trend hai.
Driver ne bataya ki rasta band hai.
App ne bataya ki order aa gaya hai.
Professor ne kaha ki assignment kal jama karna hai.
O Truque do 'Ki'
कि logo após o verbo. Isso te dá um segundo para pensar no resto da fofoca: «उसने बोला कि वह आज नहीं आएगा।»O Fantasma do 'Eu'
मैं (eu) a menos que você esteja relatando algo que você mesmo disse, senão a frase fica confusa: «उसने कहा कि वह बीमार है।»Gíria Moderna
Respeito é Tudo
आप: «टीचर ने कहा कि कल सब छात्र आएँ।»Smart Tips
Always use the question word after 'ki'.
Use the subjunctive form of the verb.
Keep the future tense in the reported clause.
Ensure the reported verb matches the original time frame.
Pronúncia
The 'ki' sound
The 'ki' (कि) is short and clipped, not long like 'ki' (की).
Reporting Statement
Usne kaha ki... ↘
Falling intonation at the end of the statement.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Remember the 'K-I' rule: 'K' for Kaha (said) and 'I' for Indirect speech.
Associação visual
Imagine a telephone wire connecting two people. The wire is labeled 'KI'. Whatever the first person says travels through the 'KI' wire to the second person.
Rhyme
When you report what someone said, use 'ki' to keep the thread.
Story
Ram told Sita he was hungry. Sita told Laxman what Ram said. Sita said: 'Ram ne kaha ki woh bhookha hai'.
Word Web
Desafio
Report three things your friends said to you today using 'ki'.
Notas culturais
In informal North Indian speech, 'bola' is often used instead of 'kaha'.
In formal settings, 'kaha' is preferred over 'bola'.
The structure remains the same, but vocabulary might shift (e.g., 'bataya' vs 'kaha').
The word 'ki' comes from Persian influence on Hindi, serving as a versatile conjunction.
Iniciadores de conversa
Tumhare dost ne kya kaha?
Teacher ne class mein kya bataya?
Kya tumne suna ki kal chutti hai?
Kya tumhe pata hai ki usne kya claim kiya?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
सारा ने कहा, "मैं कल आऊँगी।" → सारा ने कहा कि ___ कल आएगी।
मैं) da falante muda para 'ela' (वह) para combinar com a identidade dela.Selecione a versão indireta correta de: "वहाँ मत जाओ!"
जाने) e के लिए. O negativo मत vira न.Find and fix the mistake:
उसने मुझसे पूछा कि मेरा नाम क्या है?
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesUsne kaha ___ woh aa raha hai.
Ram ne kaha ki ___ (main/woh) aayega.
Find and fix the mistake:
Usne kaha ki main khush hoon.
Ram ne kaha, 'Main ja raha hoon'.
ki / kaha / usne / woh / aayega
Match the verb to its meaning.
Usne poocha ki ___ kahan hai.
Find and fix the mistake:
Usne poocha ki kya tum aaoge?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesउसने कहा ___ वह व्यस्त है।
अमित ने कहा कि मैं खुश हूँ।
कि / वह / उसने / आएगा / कहा
Traduza: Ela me disse que está cansada.
Escolha a melhor tradução para: 'Ele perguntou onde eu estava.'
Combine os pares:
मैंने उससे ___ कि वह कब जाएगी।
उसने कहा कि वह आ रहा था।
कहा / जाने / घर / लिए / के / उसने
Escolha a certa:
Score: /10
Perguntas frequentes (8)
In formal writing, yes. In casual speech, it can sometimes be omitted, but it's safer to include it.
Use 'ki' followed by the question word or 'kya'. Example: 'Usne poocha ki tum kahan ho'.
Not necessarily. Hindi is flexible. If the event is still true, you don't need to backshift.
Yes, use 'socha' (thought) or 'manna' (believed). Example: 'Maine socha ki main jaunga'.
They are similar, but 'kaha' is more standard and formal.
The verb in the reported clause will change to reflect the feminine gender. Example: 'Usne kaha ki woh aa rahi hai'.
Yes, use the subjunctive or infinitive. Example: 'Usne kaha ki main aaun'.
It requires you to step into the shoes of the reporter. Practice by imagining the original conversation.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
que
Spanish requires more complex subjunctive backshifting.
que
French has strict sequence of tenses.
dass
German changes word order in the subordinate clause.
to
Japanese places the reporting verb at the end of the sentence.
anna
Arabic requires specific case endings.
shuo
Chinese does not change pronouns or tenses.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Vídeos relacionados
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