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C1 adjective 8分钟阅读

محصور

mahsour
例句 محصور 30秒了解
解析 محصور in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'محصور' (mahsoor) yourself, as it is quite advanced. However, you can think of it as a very fancy way to say 'inside' or 'closed'. Imagine a cat in a box. The cat is 'mahsoor' in the box. In simple Persian, we usually say 'dar' (in) or 'basteh' (closed). For example, instead of 'The garden is mahsoor by walls', an A1 learner would say 'The garden has walls'. This word is like a big puzzle piece that means something is surrounded on all sides. You might see it in pictures of old castles or beautiful gardens with high fences. Just remember: Mahsoor = Surrounded by something like a wall.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more adjectives. 'محصور' (mahsoor) is a word you might see in a storybook or a travel guide about Iran. It means 'enclosed'. For example, if you visit a traditional house in Yazd, the guide might say the courtyard is 'mahsoor'. This means it is private and has walls all around it. You can use it simply: 'In khaneh mahsoor ast' (This house is enclosed). It is helpful to know this word when talking about geography, like a village in a valley surrounded by mountains. It's a step up from just saying 'the mountains are near the village'. It shows that the mountains are all around it like a circle.
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At the B1 level, you can begin to use 'محصور' (mahsoor) in your writing to describe physical locations more accurately. Instead of just saying 'surrounded' (atraf), 'mahsoor' gives a more formal and precise feel. You should know that it often comes with the verb 'shodan' (to become). For example: 'The city was mahsoor by snow' (Shahr ba barf mahsoor shod). This means the snow was so deep and all-encompassing that the city felt trapped. You can also use it to describe a room that has no windows. It's a great word for making your descriptions of places sound more professional and vivid. It suggests a clear boundary that separates the inside from the outside.
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At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'محصور' (mahsoor) in both physical and metaphorical contexts. You might use it in an essay to discuss how people are 'mahsoor' by their social class or by the rules of their society. It is more sophisticated than 'mahdood' (limited). When you use 'mahsoor', you are emphasizing the 'walls'—even if those walls are invisible. For example: 'Students are mahsoor within the framework of the exam system'. This implies the system acts like a cage. You should also be comfortable using it in passive constructions, such as 'tavasot-e ... mahsoor shodeh' (enclosed by ...). This is a common structure in academic and formal Persian.
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At the C1 level, you are expected to understand the full range of 'محصور' (mahsoor), including its political and literary nuances. You should recognize it as a key term in Iranian political discourse (related to 'Hasr' or house arrest). You should be able to use it to describe complex philosophical ideas, such as being 'mahsoor' in a particular linguistic framework or historical epoch. Your usage should reflect an understanding that 'mahsoor' implies a total enclosure. In a professional setting, you might use it to describe a 'mahsoor' market segment or a 'mahsoor' legal jurisdiction. You should also be able to distinguish it perfectly from synonyms like 'mahboos', 'mahdood', and 'ehate-shodeh', choosing 'mahsoor' when the focus is on the boundary itself.
At the C2 level, 'محصور' (mahsoor) becomes a tool for precise, elegant, and often poetic expression. You can use it to create complex metaphors in literature or high-level journalism. You might discuss the 'mahsoor' nature of human existence or the way a specific ideology is 'mahsoor' by its own internal logic. You should also be aware of its historical usage in classical Persian poetry (like Rumi or Hafez), where it might describe the soul 'mahsoor' in the cage of the body. At this level, you don't just use the word; you play with its connotations of safety vs. imprisonment, privacy vs. isolation. You can use it in highly formal legal or diplomatic contexts where the exact nature of a boundary or restriction is of paramount importance.
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例句

محصور 30秒了解

  • Mahsoor means 'enclosed' or 'surrounded'. It describes things with clear physical or metaphorical boundaries that prevent them from expanding or moving freely.
  • Commonly used for gardens, cities under siege, or people under house arrest, this C1-level word adds a formal and precise tone to descriptions.
  • Unlike 'mahdood' (limited in quantity), 'mahsoor' emphasizes the surrounding barrier or the state of being inside a restricted space or system.
  • It is a passive participle from the Arabic root for 'besieging', carrying connotations of both protection (like a private garden) and confinement (like a prison).

The Persian word محصور (Mahsoor) is a sophisticated adjective primarily used to describe something that is physically enclosed, surrounded, or restricted within specific boundaries. At its most literal level, it refers to architectural or geographical spaces that are walled in or fenced off. However, its usage extends far beyond the physical realm into the abstract, describing individuals who feel trapped by circumstances, ideas that are limited by a specific framework, or even political situations where a group is besieged or under house arrest. Understanding this word requires an appreciation for the concept of 'boundary' in Persian culture, which can represent both protection (like a private garden) and restriction (like a prison).

Literal Enclosure
In architecture, a garden surrounded by high walls is described as a 'Bagh-e Mahsoor'. This implies a sense of privacy and exclusivity. It suggests that the space is defined and separated from the outside world by a physical barrier.

این حیاط قدیمی با دیوارهای آجری بلند محصور شده است تا آرامش ساکنان حفظ شود.

Translation: This old courtyard is enclosed by high brick walls to maintain the peace of the residents.
Metaphorical Confinement
When used metaphorically, it describes a person's state of mind or social condition. For instance, if someone is 'mahsoor' in their own thoughts, they are unable to see beyond their current perspective. In political contexts, it is the standard term for house arrest or being under a blockade.

The word carries a weight of formality. You are more likely to encounter it in classical literature, legal documents, or news broadcasts than in casual street slang. It evokes a sense of being 'held'—whether by walls, by law, or by fate. In historical texts, you might see it used to describe a city under siege (shahr-e mahsoor), where the inhabitants are cut off from resources. In modern academic writing, it might describe a dataset that is 'mahsoor' or limited to a specific demographic. The richness of the word lies in its ability to transition between the physical walls of a fortress and the invisible walls of a social contract.

اندیشه‌های او در چارچوب‌های سنتی محصور نماند و به افق‌های جدیدی دست یافت.

Legal and Political Nuance
In modern Iranian political discourse, 'Hasr' (the noun form related to mahsoor) is a very charged term. It specifically refers to the restriction of movement imposed on political figures. Therefore, calling someone 'mahsoor' in a political discussion is a serious statement about their lack of freedom.

Using 'محصور' correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a passive participle functioning as an adjective. It is frequently paired with the auxiliary verb 'shodan' (to become) or 'budan' (to be). It almost always requires a preposition to indicate what is doing the enclosing, typically 'dar' (in), 'be' (by/to), or 'ba' (with).

این روستا در میان کوه‌های بلند محصور شده است.

This village is enclosed among high mountains.

When describing physical objects, the structure is: [Subject] + [Preposition] + [Boundary] + [Mahsoor] + [Verb]. For example, 'The house (khaneh) is surrounded (mahsoor) by trees (ba derakhtan)'. This word is particularly useful in descriptive writing to create a sense of atmosphere—whether it is the cozy enclosure of a library or the suffocating enclosure of a prison cell.

Describing Physical Spaces
Use it for geography and architecture. 'The island is mahsoor by the sea.' 'The castle is mahsoor by a moat.' It emphasizes the boundary itself.

جزیره توسط آب‌های نیلگون محصور است.

Describing Abstract Limits
Use it for rules, laws, or mental states. 'Our project is mahsoor within a tight budget.' 'His talent was mahsoor by lack of opportunity.' In these cases, it functions like 'restricted' or 'limited'.

پروژه ما به دلیل کمبود بودجه در امکانات اندکی محصور مانده است.

In C1 level writing, you should use 'mahsoor' to add precision to your descriptions. Instead of saying something is 'basteh' (closed), which is very basic, 'mahsoor' provides a more vivid picture of the enclosure. It suggests a deliberate act of surrounding. For instance, in a literary analysis, you might say a character's growth is 'mahsoor' in the expectations of their family. This elevates the register of your Persian significantly.

او احساس می‌کرد که در نقش‌های جنسیتی سنتی محصور شده است.

While you might not hear 'محصور' while buying bread at a local bakery, it is a staple of Persian intellectual and formal life. It appears frequently in news broadcasts, particularly those discussing international relations, military sieges, or domestic political restrictions. If you listen to the BBC Persian or Iran International news, the word 'Hasr' (the noun form) or 'Mahsoor' (the adjective) is used almost daily to describe political figures whose movements are restricted by the state.

In the News
You will hear phrases like 'Niroohaye mahsoor dar shahr' (The forces besieged in the city). This is common in reports about conflict zones where a group of soldiers or civilians is surrounded by an opposing army.

ده‌ها خانواده در مناطق جنگی محصور شده‌اند و به کمک‌های فوری نیاز دارند.

Dozens of families are trapped in war zones and need immediate help.
In Literature and Poetry
Contemporary Persian poets use 'mahsoor' to describe the feeling of modern alienation. A poet might describe their soul as being 'mahsoor' in a body or 'mahsoor' in a concrete city. It creates a melancholic, claustrophobic tone.

In academic settings, such as university lectures in sociology or philosophy, 'mahsoor' is used to define the limits of a theory or the boundaries of a social group. For example, a professor might say, 'This social phenomenon is not mahsoor to just one city; it is nationwide.' Here, it means 'limited' or 'confined'. Furthermore, in real estate listings for luxury villas, you might see descriptions of 'Amlak-e mahsoor ba divar-e sangi' (properties enclosed by stone walls), emphasizing security and privacy.

این ویلا در زمینی به مساحت هزار متر محصور شده است.

One of the most common mistakes learners make is confusing 'محصور' (Mahsoor) with 'محدود' (Mahdood). While both relate to limits, they are not interchangeable. 'Mahdood' means 'limited' in quantity, scope, or time (e.g., a limited budget, a limited time offer). 'Mahsoor' means 'enclosed' or 'surrounded' in space or by a physical/metaphorical barrier. If you say a budget is 'mahsoor', it sounds like the money is physically trapped in a box, whereas 'mahdood' correctly conveys that there isn't much of it.

Confusion with 'Mahboos'
Another mistake is using 'mahsoor' when you mean 'mahboos' (imprisoned). 'Mahboos' implies a criminal or legal detention in a jail. 'Mahsoor' is broader; you can be mahsoor in a beautiful garden or by a snowstorm, which isn't 'imprisonment' in the legal sense.

اشتباه: او در زندان محصور است. (درست: محبوس است)

Mistake: He is 'enclosed' in prison. (Correction: Use 'imprisoned')

A stylistic mistake is overusing 'mahsoor' in casual conversation. Because it is a high-register C1 word, using it to describe something mundane—like your cat being stuck in a room—might sound overly dramatic or poetic. In such cases, words like 'gir kardan' (to get stuck) or 'dar basteh' (behind closed doors) are more natural. Use 'mahsoor' when you want to emphasize the boundary or the state of being surrounded by something significant.

Preposition Errors
Learners often forget the preposition. You cannot just say 'The garden is mahsoor walls'. You must say 'The garden is mahsoor *by* walls' (ba divarha) or 'mahsoor *between* walls' (dar mian-e divarha).

او نه در واقعیت، بلکه در توهمات خود محصور شده بود.

To truly master the nuances of 'محصور', it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and near-synonyms. Persian is a language rich in synonyms, and choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about physical space, legal restriction, or metaphorical limits.

محصور vs. محدود (Mahdood)
Mahdood refers to limits in capacity, number, or time. Example: 'Limited resources'. Mahsoor refers to being surrounded or enclosed by something. Example: 'Enclosed by walls'.
محصور vs. محبوس (Mahboos)
Mahboos means 'imprisoned' or 'incarcerated' in a legal or penal sense. Mahsoor is 'confined' or 'besieged', which could be due to geography, politics, or architecture, not necessarily a crime.
محصور vs. احاطه‌شده (Ehate-shodeh)
Ehate-shodeh is the direct translation of 'surrounded'. It is more neutral and common in daily speech. Mahsoor is more formal and carries a stronger sense of being 'cut off' or 'restricted' by that surrounding.

In literary contexts, you might also encounter 'دربند' (Darband), which literally means 'in bonds' or 'shackled'. This is more poetic and emotional than 'mahsoor'. For example, 'The bird is darband in the cage'. While 'mahsoor' could also work there, 'darband' emphasizes the lack of freedom more poignantly. Another alternative is 'گرفتار' (Gereftar), which means 'caught' or 'entangled'. You use 'gereftar' when someone is stuck in a problem or a traffic jam, whereas 'mahsoor' is used for a more static state of enclosure.

گاه انسان در میان دیوارهای بلند تنهایی محصور می‌شود.

发音指南

UK /mæh.suːr/
US /mæh.sur/
The stress is typically on the second syllable: mah-SOOR.
押韵词
مقدور (Maghdoor - possible) مجبور (Majboor - forced) معذور (Mazoor - excused) مستور (Mastoor - hidden) مسرور (Masroor - happy) مشهور (Mashhoor - famous) منصور (Mansoo
常见错误
  • Pronouncing the 'h' too harshly like the German 'ch'. It should be a soft breath.
  • Mixing up the 's' sound with 'sh'. It is a sharp 's' (ص).
  • Shortening the long 'oo' sound to a short 'u' like in 'put'. It must be long like 'moon'.
  • Ignoring the final 'r' or making it silent.
  • Over-emphasizing the first syllable.
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按水平分级的例句

1

باغ محصور است.

The garden is enclosed.

Simple adjective use with 'ast' (is).

2

این اتاق محصور است.

This room is enclosed.

Subject + Adjective + Verb.

3

گربه در جعبه محصور است.

The cat is enclosed in the box.

Using 'dar' (in) to show location.

4

خانه با دیوار محصور است.

The house is enclosed by a wall.

Using 'ba' (with/by) for the boundary.

5

پارک محصور شده است.

The park has been enclosed.

Present perfect: 'mahsoor shodeh ast'.

6

آیا این زمین محصور است؟

Is this land enclosed?

Question form.

7

گل‌ها در گلدان محصور هستند.

The flowers are enclosed in the pot.

Plural subject with 'hastand'.

8

او در ماشین محصور بود.

He was enclosed in the car.

Past tense 'bud' (was).

1

این حیاط با دیوارهای بلند محصور شده است.

This courtyard is enclosed by high walls.

Adding descriptive adjectives like 'boland' (high).

2

روستا در میان کوه‌ها محصور است.

The village is enclosed among the mountains.

Using 'dar mian-e' (among/in the middle of).

3

حیوانات در قفس محصور هستند.

The animals are enclosed in the cage.

Formal plural 'hastand'.

4

زمین کشاورزی با پرچین محصور گشت.

The farmland was enclosed with a hedge.

'Gasht' is a formal version of 'shod' (became).

5

او خود را در اتاق محصور کرد.

He enclosed himself in the room.

Reflexive 'khod ra' with active verb 'kardan'.

6

این منطقه برای امنیت محصور است.

This area is enclosed for security.

Using 'baraye' (for) to show purpose.

7

آب در سد محصور شده است.

The water is enclosed in the dam.

Passive participle with 'shodeh ast'.

8

باغچه کوچک ما با چوب محصور است.

Our small garden is enclosed with wood.

Possessive 'ma' (our).

1

شهر به دلیل برف سنگین محصور شد.

The city became enclosed (trapped) due to heavy snow.

Using 'be dalil-e' (due to).

2

او احساس می‌کرد در زندگی شهری محصور شده است.

He felt he had become enclosed in urban life.

Metaphorical use of 'mahsoor'.

3

این جزیره توسط اقیانوس محصور گشته است.

This island is enclosed by the ocean.

Formal 'tavasot-e' (by) and 'gashteh ast'.

4

فکر او در سنت‌های قدیمی محصور مانده بود.

His thought had remained enclosed in old traditions.

Using 'mandeh bud' (had remained).

5

ما باید این منطقه را محصور کنیم تا حیوانات خارج نشوند.

We must enclose this area so the animals don't leave.

Subjunctive 'konim' after 'bayad' (must).

6

قلعه با خندقی عمیق محصور بود.

The castle was enclosed by a deep moat.

Descriptive past tense.

7

کودکان در حیاط مدرسه محصور هستند.

The children are enclosed in the schoolyard.

Simple plural description.

8

این سند در یک پوشه محصور شده است.

This document is enclosed in a folder.

Passive state.

1

نیروهای دشمن در قلعه محصور شدند.

The enemy forces were besieged (enclosed) in the castle.

Military context for 'mahsoor'.

2

پروژه به دلیل محدودیت‌های قانونی محصور مانده است.

The project has remained restricted due to legal limitations.

Abstract restriction.

3

او استعداد خود را در کارهای کوچک محصور کرد.

He confined his talent to small tasks.

Active usage for self-limitation.

4

کشور توسط همسایگان متخاصم محصور شده است.

The country is surrounded by hostile neighbors.

Political/Geographical context.

5

این نظریه در چارچوب‌های علمی محصور است.

This theory is confined within scientific frameworks.

Academic context.

6

آزادی او در دیوارهای بلند زندان محصور گشت.

His freedom became enclosed within the high walls of the prison.

Poetic/Formal description of imprisonment.

7

بسیاری از روستاهای دورافتاده در فقر محصور هستند.

Many remote villages are trapped (enclosed) in poverty.

Sociological metaphor.

8

فضای سبز شهر توسط ساختمان‌های بلند محصور شده است.

The city's green space is enclosed by tall buildings.

Urban planning context.

1

شخصیت‌های داستان در بن‌بست‌های اخلاقی محصور شده‌اند.

The story's characters are trapped in moral dead-ends.

Literary analysis usage.

2

اقتصاد کشور در حصار تحریم‌ها محصور مانده است.

The country's economy has remained confined within the fence of sanctions.

Complex political metaphor.

3

او روحی بزرگ داشت که در کالبدی کوچک محصور بود.

He had a great soul that was enclosed in a small body.

Philosophical/Poetic contrast.

4

این دانش نباید در آزمایشگاه‌ها محصور بماند.

This knowledge should not remain confined to laboratories.

Negative subjunctive 'namanad'.

5

جریان‌های فکری جدید نباید در مرزهای ملی محصور شوند.

New intellectual currents should not be confined within national borders.

Passive subjunctive.

6

او سال‌ها در حصر خانگی محصور بود.

He was confined in house arrest for years.

Specific political terminology.

7

هنر او در کلیشه‌های زمانه محصور نگشت.

His art did not become confined by the clichés of the era.

Formal negative past 'nagasht'.

8

معنای واژه نباید در یک تعریف واحد محصور شود.

The meaning of a word should not be confined to a single definition.

Linguistic/Philosophical context.

1

هستی انسان در تنگنای زمان و مکان محصور گشته است.

Human existence has become enclosed in the straits of time and space.

Existentialist philosophical usage.

2

حقیقت مطلق در واژگان محدود ما محصور نمی‌گنجد.

Absolute truth does not fit, confined within our limited vocabulary.

High-level metaphysical expression.

3

قدرت سیاسی نباید در دست عده‌ای خاص محصور بماند.

Political power should not remain confined in the hands of a specific few.

Political theory context.

4

او در حصارِ خودساخته‌ای از ترس و تردید محصور بود.

He was enclosed in a self-made fence of fear and doubt.

Psychological depth.

5

تمدن‌ها غالباً در جغرافیای خود محصور می‌شوند.

Civilizations are often confined by their own geography.

Historical/Sociological generalization.

6

عشق، فراتر از آن است که در کلمات محصور گردد.

Love is beyond being confined in words.

Poetic/Abstract usage.

7

نور در منشور محصور شد و به رنگ‌های گوناگون تجزیه گشت.

The light was enclosed in the prism and decomposed into various colors.

Scientific/Literary description.

8

اراده ملت نباید در ساختارهای فرسوده محصور بماند.

The will of the nation should not remain confined in worn-out structures.

Rhetorical/Political usage.

常见搭配

محصور در دیوار
محصور در کوهستان
محصور در فقر
محصور در سنت
محصور در حصر خانگی
محصور در برف
محصور در افکار
کاملاً محصور
محصور به سیم خاردار
محصور در چارچوب

常用短语

محصور شدن

— To become enclosed or surrounded. Used for both physical and abstract situations.

او در مشکلات مالی محصور شد.

محصور کردن

— To enclose or surround something deliberately. An active verb.

کشاورز زمین را با پرچین محصور کرد.

دنیای محصور

— An enclosed or small world. Often used to describe a narrow perspective.

او در دنیای محصور خود زندگی می‌کند.

فضای محصور

— An enclosed space. Common in architecture and safety regulations.

کار در فضاهای محصور خطرناک است.

محصور در میان ...

— Enclosed in the middle of ... Used for emphasis.

دریاچه‌ای محصور در میان جنگل.

محصور به دیوارهای بلند

— Enclosed by high walls. A classic description of Persian gardens.

عمارت قدیمی محصور به دیوارهای بلند بود.

محصور در زمان

— Trapped or enclosed in time. A poetic expression.

خاطراتی که در زمان محصور مانده‌اند.

محصور در سکوت

— Enclosed in silence. Describes a very quiet or isolated state.

خانه در سکوت شب محصور بود.

محصور در تاریکی

— Enclosed in darkness. Used for lack of light or knowledge.

جنگل در تاریکی مطلق محصور شد.

محصور در قفس

— Enclosed in a cage. Used literally for animals or metaphorically for humans.

پرنده در قفس طلایی محصور بود.

习语与表达

"در حصار خود محصور بودن"

— To be trapped in one's own limitations or ego. It describes someone who cannot see beyond themselves.

او آنقدر مغرور است که در حصار خود محصور مانده.

Literary
"محصور در چهاردیواری"

— To be confined within four walls. Often refers to the domestic life of women in traditional settings.

او نمی‌خواست زندگی‌اش در چهاردیواری خانه محصور باشد.

Social/Informal
"محصور در پیله خود"

— To be enclosed in one's cocoon. Refers to someone who is introverted or preparing for a change.

هنرمند در پیله تنهایی خود محصور شده بود.

Poetic
"محصور در چنگال ..."

— Enclosed in the claws of ... Used when something is trapped by a powerful negative force like death or poverty.

شهر در چنگال بیماری محصور گشت.

Formal/Dramatic
"محصور در غبار"

— Enclosed in dust/mist. Refers to something unclear or forgotten by history.

نام او در غبار تاریخ محصور ماند.

Literary
"محصور در قفل و زنجیر"

— Enclosed in locks and chains. Emphasizes heavy security or extreme lack of freedom.

گنج در قفل و زنجیر محصور بود.

Formal
"محصور در دایره‌ای بسته"

— Enclosed in a closed circle. Refers to a repetitive cycle with no way out.

بحث‌های ما در دایره‌ای بسته محصور شده است.

Academic/Intellectual
"محصور در پیله ابریشم"

— Enclosed in a silk cocoon. Describes a comfortable but restrictive situation.

ثروت زیاد گاهی انسان را در پیله‌ای ابریشمین محصور می‌کند.

Poetic
"محصور در حصارِ امن"

— Enclosed in a safe fence. Refers to staying in one's comfort zone.

او همیشه در حصار امن خود محصور می‌ماند و ریسک نمی‌کند.

Psychological
"محصور در قفسِ تن"

— Enclosed in the cage of the body. A classic Sufi/mystical idiom for the soul.

مرغ باغ ملکوتم، نیم از عالم خاک / چند روزی قفسی ساخته‌اند از بدنم.

Classical Poetry
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محصور Arabic
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